INTERNATIONAL RATINGS GROUP
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A credit rating agency (CRA, also called a ratings service) is a company that assigns credit ratings, which rate a debtor's ability to pay back debt by making timely principal and interest payments and the likelihood of default. An agency may rate the creditworthiness of issuers of debt obligations, of debt instruments, and in some cases, of the servicers of the underlying debt, but not of individual consumers. Other forms of a rating agency include environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) rating agencies and the Chinese Social Credit System. The debt instruments rated by CRAs include government bonds, corporate bonds, CDs, municipal bonds, preferred stock, and collateralized securities, such as mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations. The issuers of the obligations or securities may be companies, special purpose entities, state or local governments, non-profit organizations, or sovereign nations. A credit rating facilitates the trading of securities on international markets. It affects the interest rate that a security pays out, with higher ratings leading to lower interest rates. Individual consumers are rated for creditworthiness not by credit rating agencies but by credit bureaus (also called consumer reporting agencies or credit reference agencies), which issue credit scores. The value of credit ratings for securities has been widely questioned. Hundreds of billions of securities that were given the agencies' highest ratings were downgraded to junk during the 2008 financial crisis. Rating downgrades during the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010–12 were blamed by EU officials for accelerating the crisis. Credit rating is a highly concentrated industry, with the "Big Three" credit rating agencies controlling approximately 95% of the ratings business. Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's (S&P) together control 80% of the global market, and Fitch Ratings controls a further 15%. They are externalized sell-side functions for the marketing of securities.
In connection with: Credit rating agency
Title combos: rating agency agency rating Credit
Description combos: obligations marketing or agency principal governance likelihood agencies agencies
Fitch Ratings Inc. is an American credit rating agency. It is one of the three nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSRO) designated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is considered as being one of the "Big Three credit rating agencies", along with Moody's and Standard & Poor's.
In connection with: Fitch Ratings
Title combos: Fitch Ratings
Description combos: credit recognized Securities Ratings Fitch Big of and rating
Moody's Ratings, previously and still legally known as Moody's Investors Service and often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name. Moody's Ratings provides international financial research on bonds issued by commercial and government entities. Moody's, along with Standard & Poor's and Fitch Group, is considered one of the Big Three credit rating agencies. It is also included in the Fortune 500 list of 2021. The company ranks the creditworthiness of borrowers using a standardized ratings scale which measures expected investor loss in the event of default. Moody's Ratings rates debt securities in several bond market segments. These include government, municipal and corporate bonds; managed investments such as money market funds and fixed-income funds; financial institutions including banks and non-bank finance companies; and asset classes in structured finance. In Moody's Ratings system, securities are assigned a rating from Aaa to C, with Aaa being the highest quality and C the lowest quality. Moody's was founded by John Moody in 1909, to produce manuals of statistics related to stocks and bonds and bond ratings. In 1975, the company was identified as a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Following several decades of ownership by Dun & Bradstreet, Moody's Investors Service became a separate company in 2000. Moody's Corporation was established as a holding company. On 6 March 2024, Moody's Investors Service was renamed to Moody's Ratings.
In connection with: Moody's Ratings
Title combos: Ratings Moody
Description combos: institutions default Moody international Group municipal the Fortune Commission
IRG may stand for: IATA airport code for Lockhart River Airport Ideographic Research Group on coded Han character sets Intelligent Robotics Group International Resources Group, a professional services firm Iranian Revolutionary Guard International Ratings Group, a credit ratings agency Interest rate guarantee, a financial instrument Island Reggae Greats Immunity Related Guanosine Triphosphatases (IRGs)
In connection with: IRG
Description combos: Ideographic Triphosphatases code Related sets firm Greats for International
International Ratings Group is an international rating agency grouping established at the end of 2005, following a comprehensive study undertaken on the total global ratings industry. The study demonstrated the need for a truly international ratings group which focuses exclusively on Emerging Markets (i.e. Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe, South America, and Asia). Accordingly, the basic objective was to bring together a number of independent regional agencies, with a view to agreeing on common rating standards, methodologies & symbols, and operating under a single “brand”. The ultimate end goal is the establishment of a single international ratings group covering all the emerging markets.
In connection with: International Ratings Group
Title combos: Group Ratings Group Ratings International
Description combos: for on brand covering to the on emerging bring
Nielsen Media Research (NMR) is an American firm that measures media audiences, including television, radio, theatre, films (via the AMC Theatres MAP program), and newspapers. Headquartered in New York City, it is best known for the Nielsen ratings, an audience measurement system of television viewership that for years has been the deciding factor in canceling or renewing television shows by television networks. As of August 2024, it is the primary part of Nielsen Holdings. NMR began as a division of ACNielsen, a marketing research firm founded in 1923. In 1996, NMR was split off into an independent company, and in 1999, was purchased by the Dutch conglomerate VNU. In 2001, VNU also purchased ACNielsen, thereby bringing both companies under the same corporate umbrella for years. NMR is also a sister company to Nielsen//NetRatings, which measures Internet and digital media audiences. VNU was reorganized and renamed the Nielsen Company in 2007. NMR was separated again from NielsenIQ (the former ACNielsen) in 2021.
In connection with: Nielsen Media Research
Title combos: Research Media Nielsen Media Research
Description combos: Nielsen renewing companies founded was into division media founded
Rating (Ukrainian: Рейтинг), or fully the Sociological group "Rating" (Ukrainian: Соціологічнна група «Рейтинг»), is a Ukrainian independent, non-governmental research organization, that specializes in conducting all types of sociological research in compliance with international standards approved by the ESOMAR and WAPOR codes. It conducts national and regional political, thematic, marketing and media research on a regular basis. Sociological group "Rating" is a part of the Rating GroupTM "group of companies ". The company has branches in Kyiv and Lviv. The network of interviewers is composed of more than 500 people operating throughout Ukraine. The company is a permanent member of the Sociological Association of Ukraine. Clients of the "Rating" Sociological Group are government agencies, non-governmental organizations, business structures, political parties / politicians, and various types of international and domestic media. The company regularly participates in international projects of the International Republican Institute, the Government of Canada, USAID, the World Bank, UNICEF, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), universities in Poland, Denmark, Switzerland, etc. The company conducts surveys both in Ukraine and abroad. The polls of the "Rating" group concern various spheres of public life. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Rating continued to conduct research using the CATI survey method. The main research topics are the belief in the victory of Ukraine, trust of the Armed Forces, the assessment of the actions of the Ukrainian government, the level of national resistance, the assessment of international aid, the adaptation of Ukrainians to war, etc.
In connection with: Rating (sociological group)
Title combos: Rating sociological group sociological Rating
Description combos: with in of life Republican politicians types The for
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