III. 8. Sirius

Many ancient cultures attached special significance to the star Sirius. Currently, Sirius is bluish-white in color, but ancient records describe it as a red star.

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyph - the symbol of Sirius

Canis Major is an ancient constellation resembling a dog, formed around the main star Sirius. Already 5000 years ago, Sirius and the constellation were associated with a dog. "Dog of the sun" is its oldest Sumerian name. The Greeks simply called it "dog", and the Romans - "little dog". This is where the Latin Canicula and the name of the summer holiday period - vacation come from. Since ancient times, Sirius and Procyon have been called dog stars.

Myths about the origin of the star Sirius are transferred to the entire constellation. Ancient Greek myths call the prototype of the celestial Dog Orion, whose constellation is located nearby. Orion-Marduk was the First Messiah, and Moses was the Second Messiah and His Son. In the era of Moses, this constellation began to be associated with Moses. The constellation was identified with the White Wolf, the daughter of the pharaoh and the mother of Moses.

This constellation contains the brightest star in the entire sky - Sirius (α Canis Majoris). Its name comes from the ancient Greek σείριος, "brightly burning", "brilliant", which is close to the name Sarah.

Sirius = Sarah

According to the Greek poet of the 3rd century BC Aratus, she is called so because she shines "with a dazzlingly bright brilliance".

Bogdan Georgievich Lisitsa, 15, Zarichchja str, Kostopol, Rivne region, 35000, Ukraine.

In Ancient Egypt, Sirius was called the "Star of the Nile" because the first morning rise of Sirius foreshadowed the Nile flooding on the days of the summer solstice. During the Early Kingdom, the Egyptians worshiped the star Sirius as the goddess Sopdet, the celestial embodiment of Isis. Sirius was depicted as Isis standing in a celestial boat, with a five-pointed star above her head, facing Osiris standing to the right. He, in turn, was associated with the constellation Orion.

Orion, Sothis, and two Horus (representing the planets) in celestial boats

The goddess Hathor, depicted as a cow, between whose horns Sirius was depicted as a star, was also associated with Sirius. Egyptian priests accurately predicted the beginning of the Nile flooding by observing the heliacal rising of Sirius after its 70-day absence from the sky. The calendar year in Ancient Egypt was the period between two heliacal risings of Sirius. The annual alternation of risings and setting of stars leads to the fact that each star rises once a year at sunset, sets once a year at sunrise, rises with the Sun once a year, and sets with the Sun once a year. The star will be visible to an observer from Earth all night, and when the Sun is above the horizon, the star will drown in its rays. The first visible rising of a star in the year, when the Sun is below the horizon, i.e. the first appearance of a star in the rays of the morning dawn, is called the heliacal rising. The Nile floods during the summer solstice. In ancient times, the summer solstice coincided with the first heliacal rising of Sirius. The coincidence of three phenomena on one day - the summer solstice, the first heliacal rising of Sirius and the flooding of the Nile - made a strong impression on the ancient Egyptians, affecting their worldview. Sirius, by its appearance, seemed to cause the blessed flooding of the Nile. The star Sirius is associated with life, since the Nile is life for Egypt. This means that Sarah, the White Wolf, is associated with life.

Bogdan Georgievich Lisitsa, 15, Zarichchja str, Kostopol, Rivne region, 35000, Ukraine.

In Sumerian-Akkadian astronomy, the star was called the Arrow and associated with the god Ninurta. The inscription on the monument of Tiglath-Pileser I (11th century BC) says: "in the days of cold, frost, ice, in the days of the appearance of the star Arrow, which [then] is fiery red, like copper." This describes the acronic rising of Sirius, which in the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods occurred in the middle of winter. According to Greek mythology, the star Sirius became the dog of Orion (or Icarius). In the Iliad, Homer calls it "Orion's dog."

In Chinese astronomy, the star Sirius was called Lan ("Wolf") or Tianlang ("Heavenly Wolf"). According to Sima Qian, "When the planet Tai-bo [Venus] is white, it is comparable to the star Lan [Sirius], when the planet is reddish, it is comparable to the star Xin [Antares]." "When the beams of this star [Sirius] change color, many thieves and robbers appear [on Earth]." Sima Qian has many references to the stars constantly changing their color.

In Maori myths, a sacred being was revered that lives in the sky and in the highest sky, the tenth sky. Rehua - that's what it was called and was associated with some stars, and each nation had a different star that was associated with this mythical being. Many nations considered Sirius, the brightest and wisest star in the sky, to be this star. Rehua lives in the highest sky and is not threatened by death, Rehua could revive the dead and cure any disease. The Maori believed that when they saw Sirius, they saw Rehua - the wisest of creatures that only exists in the Universe.

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Bogdan Georgievich Lisitsa, 15, Zarichchja str, Kostopol, Rivne region, 35000, Ukraine.