Hymen Examination

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Olson RM, García-Moreno C.
Olson RM, et al.
Reprod Health. 2017 May 18;14(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12978-017-0319-0.
Reprod Health. 2017.

PMID: 28521813
Free PMC article.

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Essén B, Blomkvist A, Helström L, Johnsdotter S.
Essén B, et al.
Reprod Health Matters. 2010 May;18(35):38-46. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(10)35498-X.
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PMID: 20541082








Juth N, Lynöe N.
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J Med Ethics. 2015 Mar;41(3):215-9. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2013-101675. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
J Med Ethics. 2015.

PMID: 24574429








Gürsoy E, Vural G.
Gürsoy E, et al.
Nurs Ethics. 2003 Sep;10(5):485-96. doi: 10.1177/096973300301000505.
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PMID: 14529115








Behrens KG.
Behrens KG.
J Med Ethics. 2015 Aug;41(8):691-5. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2014-102344. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
J Med Ethics. 2015.

PMID: 25605607


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In October 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report condemning the practice of virginity testing, which are scientifically unfounded and turn out to be harmful for the women who are victims of these. In February 2019, the Belgian National Council of Physicians Order follows the WHO and has recalled that virginity testing is not justified, neither scientifically nor ethically. To complete these reports, the present article intends to provide to the clinician, whatever its speciality field, an up-to-date and practical guide explaining the nature of hymen, its clinical examination, the mechanism leading to the onset of the lesions, their description and their forensic interpretation. According to the legal and social aspects of forensic medicine, we also would like to recall the nature and the inherent dangers of virginity testing, as well as the legal framework of which the clinician must be aware of, in response to such a request from a patient.




Keywords:


Examination techniques; Forensic medicine; Hymen; Interpretation of injuries; Virginity testing.


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Program on Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones

Shared in the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize
So-called virginity testing – the examination of a woman’s hymen – is used in many countries to determine a woman’s sexual status or history.
“Virginity testing”
has no clinical or scientific value, and conducting hymen
examinations for this purpose violates basic
medical and legal standards. Often performed without consent or in a
context of threat or force, they can be psychologically and – in some instances
– physically harmful.
PHR advocates for this abusive practice to be abolished and for medical professionals to refuse to participate in these invasive and meaningless tests.
Learn more about the hymen in our recent factsheet .
In Afghanistan, women suspected of adultery are forced to submit to hymen examinations by government doctors. The results are then used as evidence to convict and imprison them for “moral crimes.”
In 2015, we produced a scientific brief debunking hymen examinations as illegitimate and completely unscientific, and worked with our partners in Afghanistan to raise awareness about the practice.
Years of pressure were
successful: in 2018, the Afghan Ministry of Public Health announced a new
policy barring government health workers from performing vaginal and anal examinations.

While this is a welcomed first step, PHR continues
our work ensure that medical colleagues in Afghanistan and elsewhere do not
commit abuse masking as medicine.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33030844/
https://phr.org/issues/when-doctors-harm/challenging-harmful-practices/hymen-examinations/
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