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Simon Cotton does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. An Englishwoman named Laura Plummer is in jail in Egypt on suspicion of drug trafficking tramadol tablets. So what is tramadol and why are the Egyptian authorities so concerned? Tramadol is an entirely different drug but there is a real possibility of taking a lethal overdose. Patents were taken out on tramadol in and it was brought to market in Like morphine, it works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor found in the brain and in other regions of the body, stopping pain messages from getting through. It inhibits re-uptake of the neurotransmitter messenger molecules norepinephrine noradrenalin and serotonin and also has antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties. In the body, tramadol is metabolised into a number of different molecules, the most important of which is O-desmethyltramadol ; this binds much more strongly to the mu-opioid receptor than tramadol does, making it more potent than the parent compound. Perhaps not surprisingly, tramadol has reared its head in sport. He took tramadol which after all is a legal painkiller in most countries when he broke his ribs in a crash. Because of concerns about the use and abuse of painkillers in sport there have been calls for WADA, the World Anti-Doping Agency, to prohibit the use of tramadol like many steroids, EPO, amphetamines and other stimulants and put it on its prohibited list , but currently it remains on their list of medications whose use is monitored, such as caffeine, nicotine, codeine and certain others. A research programme is being run to see if tramadol confers advantages upon sportsmen. Painkiller abuse and addiction is a major problem in the US , where events have moved on from the days when heroin was the drug of choice that killed rock stars such as Jim Morrison and Janis Joplin. This has now spread to the Far East, including China, as well as much of Africa. It is widely abused in Cameroon , for example, where it is even fed to cattle to enable them to plough in the hottest weather. Because of this consumption by humans and animals, excreted tramadol and its metabolites can be present in soil in some parts of the Cameroon so that it is taken up by plants. At one stage, this led scientists to believe that it occurred naturally in the pincushion tree — although it has subsequently been shown that plants are incapable of producing it. Egypt has a particular problem with tramadol. It is a prescription drug in the UK and a Schedule IV controlled substance in the US, but in Egypt, any opioid, including tramadol and codeine, is a controlled substance. Consequently, bringing it into the country without prior permission, especially in large quantities Laura Plummer had tablets , will land you in trouble. The Egyptian authorities have come down hard on people in possession of significant amounts of tramadol, and the courts dish out stiff punishments — possibly even the death penalty. Nevertheless, tramadol is popular in Egypt and is misused widely. Indeed, besides it being a recreational drug, many people — especially from the poor working class — take tramadol to give them more energy, to work for longer or to hold down two jobs. It has been a particularly serious problem in places such as Gaza , where addiction has led to an illegal trade in tramadol, often smuggled in through underground tunnels. This has led the government to take a particularly hard line on it. So if you are going to take drugs abroad, even your own medications, you should check carefully how they are viewed at your destination. A legal drug in one country could lead to a very long prison sentence — or even worse — in another. Edition: Available editions Europe. Become an author Sign up as a reader Sign in. Simon Cotton , University of Birmingham. Chemistry Drugs Tramadol. Events More events.

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As a British woman awaits a court hearing in Egypt after arriving with hundreds of painkillers in her luggage, the Foreign Office has issued a new warning to travellers about medicines. Laura Plummer , 33, from Hull had flown to the Egyptian resort of Hurghada to visit her husband, who suffers from back pain. Her family says that a colleague who had Tramadol tablets she no longer needed gave them to Ms Plummer so that she could take them to her husband. Ms Plummer was arrested on 8 October when the medicine was found in her suitcase by customs officials at Hurghada airport. She has been in custody since then. If you need to take it for a long time your body can become tolerant to it. That means you need higher doses to control your pain. But in reality, if you're taking Tramadol to relieve pain rather than using it as a recreational drug it's very unlikely you will get addicted to it. Some other painkillers that are available over the counter in the UK are illegal abroad , especially those containing codeine. Ms Plummer is due in court on Thursday 9 November for a further hearing. Her family say that she signed a page statement in Arabic, believing she would be freed, but instead she was incarcerated. We are sitting at home and crying. We need to let other people know. In theory Laura Plummer could face many years in prison for drug trafficking, but British travellers in similar circumstances are often released much earlier. Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in Please refresh your browser to be logged in. Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent Notifications can be managed in browser preferences. Not now Yes please. I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy. More about Foreign Office Hurghada Egypt. Join our commenting forum Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies Comments. Thank you for registering Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in Please refresh your browser to be logged in.

Hurghada buying Heroin