Https Client Private

Https Client Private

Reference #18.46fc733e.1662536713.2587625b

# Defining certificate related stuff and host of endpoint
certificate_file = 'a_certificate_file.pem'
certificate_secret = 'your_certificate_secret'
# Defining parts of the HTTP request
'Content-Type' : 'application/json'
# Define the client certificate settings for https connection
context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
context.load_cert_chain(certfile = certificate_file, password = certificate_secret)
# Create a connection to submit HTTP requests
connection = http.client.HTTPSConnection(host, port = 443 , context = context)
# Use connection to submit a HTTP POST request
connection.request(method = "POST" , url = request_url, headers = request_headers, body = json.dumps(request_body_dict))
# Print the HTTP response from the IOT service endpoint
response = connection.getresponse()
print (response.status, response.reason)
# Defining certificate related stuff and host of endpoint
certificate_file = 'a_certificate_file.pem'
certificate_secret = 'your_certificate_secret'
# Defining parts of the HTTP request
'Content-Type' : 'application/json'
# Define the client certificate settings for https connection
context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
context.load_cert_chain(certfile = certificate_file, password = certificate_secret)
# Create a connection to submit HTTP requests
connection = http.client.HTTPSConnection(host, port = 443 , context = context)
# Use connection to submit a HTTP POST request
connection.request(method = "POST" , url = request_url, headers = request_headers, body = json.dumps(request_body_dict))
# Print the HTTP response from the IOT service endpoint
response = connection.getresponse()
print (response.status, response.reason)
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When we need to create a HTTP client that communicates with a HTTP server through certificate-based authentication, we will typically have to download a certificate, in .pem format, from the server.
After we had downloaded the .pem file, the HTTP client will use the private key and certificate to authenticate itself with the HTTP server. Sometimes, the HTTP client will need to decrypt the private key with a password/secret first.
So with a .pem file and a password/secret, how can you create a HTTP client in Python 3 to send a HTTP request to the HTTP server?
In case you need it, this post shows how to send a HTTP request with client certificate + private key + password/secret in Python 3.
Let's assume that there is an HTTP endpoint at https://example.com/a/http/url that authenticates clients with client certificates and receives HTTP Post requests.
In addition to that, the .pem file is named as a_certificate_file.pem and the certificate secret is your_certificate_secret .
Given these points, you can create a Python 3 file in the same folder as the .pem file with the following content to send a HTTP Post request to that HTTP endpoint:
First of all, we indicate that we wish to use some functionalities from http.client , json and ssl modules:
After that, we define some variables for certificate related stuff, host of endpoint and parts of the HTTP request:
Once we had defined the variables, we create a ssl.SSLContext object and load the certificate chain with what we have from the server:
Given that we have the SSL context, we then create a http.client.HTTPSConnection object for sending HTTP requests to the server:
At this point of time, we can then use the http.client.HTTPSConnection object to send a HTTP request to the server endpoint:
Finally, we simply print some parts of the HTTP response that the server returns back to our client:

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I have been using HttpClient for making WebApi calls using C#. Seems neat & fast way compared to WebClient . However I am stuck up while making Https calls.
How can I make below code to make Https calls?
EDIT 1:
The code above works fine for making http calls. But when I change the scheme to https it does not work. Here is the error obtained:
The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust
relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel.
EDIT 2:
Changing the scheme to https is: step one.
How do I supply certificate & public / private key along with C#
request.
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If the server only supports higher TLS version like TLS 1.2 only, it will still fail unless your client PC is configured to use higher TLS version by default. To overcome this problem, add the following in your code:
Modifying your code example, it would be
Foobar.com will need to have a trusted SSL cert or your calls will fail with untrusted error.
EDIT Answer2: If the server you are connecting to has disabled SSL, TLS 1.0, and 1.1 and you are still running .NET framework 4.5(or below) you need to make a choice
There is a non-global setting at the level of HttpClientHandler :
Thus one enables latest TLS versions.
Note, that the default value SslProtocols.Default is actually SslProtocols.Ssl3 | SslProtocols.Tls (checked for .Net Core 2.1 and .Net Framework 4.7.1).
Update: In .Net 5.0 the default value for HttpClientHandler.SslProtocols is None whcih means the following (see docs ):
Allows the operating system to choose the best protocol to use, and to block protocols that are not secure. Unless your app has a specific reason not to, you should use this field.
Your code should be modified in this way:
You have just to use the https: URI scheme.
There's a useful page here on MSDN about the secure HTTP connections. Indeed:
The HTTP Protocol defines two URI schemes:
http : Used for unencrypted connections.
https : Used for secure connections that should be encrypted. This option also uses digital certificates and certificate authorities to verify that the server is who it claims to be.
Moreover, consider that the HTTPS connections use a SSL certificate. Make sure your secure connection has this certificate otherwise the requests will fail.
Above code works fine for making http calls. But when I change the
scheme to https it does not work, let me post the error.
What does it mean doesn't work? The requests fail? An exception is thrown? Clarify your question.
If the requests fail, then the issue should be the SSL certificate.
To fix the issue, you can use the class HttpWebRequest and then its property ClientCertificate .
Furthermore, you can find here a useful sample about how to make a HTTPS request using the certificate.
An example is the following (as shown in the MSDN page linked before):
When connect to https I got this error too, I add this line before HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); and connect successfully:
I know it from This Answer and Another Similar Anwser and the comment mentions:
This is a hack useful in development so putting a #if DEBUG #endif statement around it is the least you should do to make this safer and stop this ending up in production
Besides, I didn't try the method in Another Answer that use new X509Certificate() or new X509Certificate2() to make a Certificate, I'm not sure simply create by new() will work or not.
I find value of Thumbprint is equal to x509certificate.GetCertHashString() :
I had the same problem when connecting to GitHub, which requires a user agent. Thus it is sufficient to provide this rather than generating a certificate
Just specifying HTTPS in the URI should do the trick.
If the request works with HTTP but fails with HTTPS then this is most certainly a certificate issue . Make sure the caller trusts the certificate issuer and that the certificate is not expired. A quick and easy way to check that is to try making the query in a browser.
You also may want to check on the server (if it's yours and / or if you can) that it is set to serve HTTPS requests properly.
The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust
relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel.
... with a Xamarin Forms Android -targeting application attempting to request resources from an API provider that required TLS 1.3.
The solution was to update the project configuration to swap out the Xamarin "managed" (.NET) http client (that doesn't support TLS 1.3 as of Xamarin Forms v2.5), and instead use the android native client.
It's a simple project toggle in visual studio. See screenshot below.
I had this issue and in my case the solution was stupidly simple: open Visual Studio with Administrator rights. I tried all the above solutions and it didn't work until I did this. Hope it saves someone some precious time.
Add the below declarations to your class:
You can try using the ModernHttpClient Nuget Package: After downloading the package, you can implement it like this:
I agree with felickz but also i want to add an example for clarifying the usage in c#. I use SSL in windows service as follows.
If I'm going to use it in a web application, I'm just changing the implementation on the proxy side like this:
Here is working code that works in HTTPS call too
The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust
relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel.
I think that you need to accept certificate unconditionally with following code
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 6 September 2022 .
Extension of the HTTP communications protocol to support TLS encryption
Comparison between different kinds of SSL/TLS certificates (Using Firefox as an example)

^ "Secure your site with HTTPS" . Google Support . Google Inc. Archived from the original on 1 March 2015 . Retrieved 20 October 2018 .

^ "What is HTTPS?" . Comodo CA Limited . Archived from the original on 12 February 2015 . Retrieved 20 October 2018 . Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is the secure version of HTTP [...]

^ Network Working Group (May 2000). "HTTP Over TLS" . The Internet Engineering Task Force. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018 . Retrieved 20 October 2018 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "HTTPS E
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