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Reading, engaging with, and sharing our publications, papers and commentary gives evidence-based science and policy the audience it needs and deserves. By checking this box I consent to the use of my information provided for email marketing purposes. Mephedrone 4-methylmethcathinone is a former legal-high that is now banned across the EU. It is a manufactured substance rather than natural substance. It appears as a white or off-white powder which is primarily either snorted or swallowed. Injection has also been reported. Injection of drugs is associated with higher risks of overdose and other harms like infection. Mephedrone is a stimulant and its effects are reported to be similar in some ways to cocaine and MDMA. As mephedrone has only been widely used from around onwards, not much has been established scientifically about the specific effects of the drug. People who have used mephedrone report stimulant effects such as increased energy, self-confidence and talkativeness. When mephedrone is snorted, it only takes a few minutes for its effects to appear, and the effects generally peak in half an hour or less. When swallowed usually wrapped in a cigarette paper its effects can take more than 45 minutes to appear, depending on factors like how much food is in the stomach. People using the drug also report a comedown period after use, which can also be compared to the comedown periods experienced after cocaine , speed or MDMA use. Users have reported that it is very tempting to take more mephedrone again and again to keep the high going and to prevent the comedown. This increases the risks of immediate harm and may increase the risk of becoming addicted. Much of the information in this section was taken from Schifano et al, There have been deaths associated with or caused by mephedrone use , although not as many as were reported in the media. Usually, deaths involved very high doses, mephedrone use with alcohol and other drugs including interacting prescription drugs or pre-existing problems such as heart or liver conditions. Mephedrone deaths and serious emergencies occur in a similar way to deaths from other strong stimulants. The drug effects can overload the heart, and overheating can cause seizures and organ failure. Fatal accidents have also been associated with the drug. It should always be treated as a medical emergency if someone collapses having taken mephedrone, suffers seizures, or sudden chest pains. Other much more common nasty effects, usually associated with moderate or high doses, include feeling unbearably hot, feeling faint or that your heart is racing uncomfortably fast. Some people suffer paranoia, frightening hallucinations, confusion, panic and agitation. If you or a friend gets these symptoms, stay as calm as you can, move if necessary to a more relaxed, cooler environment and try to calm down. Lying down may be helpful, taking slow breaths, breathing in and out of a paper bag helps with panic. If it does help and you feel totally recovered, it is still sensible not to get back into the party and take more mephedrone. Some people have binged on mephedrone for several days. Eating, drinking, sleeping and resting are vital. Missing these things makes someone more likely to suffer from any of the potential harms, from the slightly unpleasant effects to seizures, psychosis and death. As with other stimulants such as speed or cocaine , taking mephedrone if you have a heart problem or high blood-pressure is likely to be riskier. Mental health should be taken into account, as the chance of panic, paranoia, hallucinations and compulsive bingeing are likely to be increased if you have a disorder that predisposes you to these. The risks of harm, including death, are likely to be increased by taking the drug whilst being on prescribed medication especially antidepressants or particularly taking other stimulant drugs such as amphetamines, MDMA and cocaine. Not enough is currently known about mephedrone to say how harmful use would be over a long period of time. It is probable that the long term harms of mephedrone would be similar to drugs such as cocaine and MDMA due to their similar effects and structure. There is also some suggestion that mephedrone could be quite addictive, with cravings and low mood unless the drug is taken. However, there has not yet been enough rigorous scientific investigation into mephedrone addiction. Mephedrone harm reduction advice is partly based on what we know of related drugs like amphetamines and MDMA, as not enough research has been done on mephedrone specifically. If you are dancing also you may overheat and become dehydrated. It is therefore a good idea to take regular breaks from dancing and drink moderate amounts of water. Before mephedrone was made illegal, people would sell mephedrone as plant fertilizer, bath salts or as a research chemical. This was a disguise for selling it for use as a recreational drug, to get around the law. Drug Science is an independent, science-led drugs charity. We rely on donations to continue to promote evidence-based information about drugs without political or commercial interference. We are grateful … But we need more. Becoming a donor will help ensure we can continue our work. Join our Community and access opportunities to become more deeply engaged in our work. Search for:. Keep up with developments in drug science Reading, engaging with, and sharing our publications, papers and commentary gives evidence-based science and policy the audience it needs and deserves. Home Mephedrone Meow Meow. Mephedrone Meow Meow. Previous: MDMA. Module: Psilocybin Science. Next: Modafinil. What is mephedrone? What are the different forms of mephedrone? How does mephedrone work as a drug in the body and brain? What are the effects of mephedrone? Does mephedrone have any medical uses? None known. What are the risks of using mephedrone? Are there health conditions that make mephedrone more dangerous? Mixing mephedrone with other drugs. What are the long-term effects of mephedrone on health and wellbeing? Mephedrone harm reduction advice. Mephedrone myths and misunderstandings. Is it actually plant food or bath salts? Related Content. December 1 Would you let your teenager try psychedelics? November 15 Where are we now? November 14 November 10 Support our work and help ensure that evidence-based research can influence policy and public opinion, not political or commercial agenda.
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WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy. Mephedrone belongs to a group known as the substituted cathinones , which are derivatives of the active ingredient in the khat plant Catha edulluis. It is thought to produce its effects by promoting the release of the neurotransmitters serotonin , dopamine , and norepinephrine in the brain. Mephedrone was first synthesized in , but did not become widely known until it was rediscovered in In it was reported to be available for sale on the internet, by law enforcement agencies had become aware of the compound, and by it had been reported in most of Europe, becoming particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom. Subjective effects include stimulation , anxiety suppression , disinhibition , enhanced empathy and sociability , relaxation , increased libido , and euphoria. It is reported to produce a mixture of classic stimulant and entactogenic effects reminiscent of cocaine and MDMA. It is also sometimes sold as MDMA 'molly'. Limited data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of mephedrone, and it has little history of human use. Preliminary evidence suggests it may possess neurotoxic and cardiotoxic properties. Mephedrone, or 4-methylmethcathinone, is a synthetic molecule of the cathinone family. Amphetamines and cathinones are alpha-methylated phenethylamines, cathinones contain an additional carbonyl group at R 1. Given its chemical structure, mephedrone is likely to act as a releasing agent and a reuptake inhibitor for monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine , serotonin and noradrenaline. Several articles published near the end of examined the effects of mephedrone in the brains of rats, as well as examining the reinforcing potential of mephedrone. Dopamine and serotonin were collected using microdialysis, and increases in dopamine and serotonin were measured. They reached their peak concentrations at 40 minutes and 20 minutes and returned to baseline by minutes after injection. Analysis of the ratio for dopamine and serotonin indicated mephedrone was preferentially a serotonin releaser , with a ratio of 1. Additionally, half-lives for the decrease in dopamine and serotonin were calculated and found to have decay rates of These findings show mephedrone induces a massive increase in both dopamine and serotonin , combined with rapid clearance. This increase in neurotransmitters provides an explanation for the euphoric and stimulating subjective effects induced by this experience. The rapid rise and subsequent fall of dopamine levels could also explain some of the addictive properties of mephedrone display in some users. Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index SEI , an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism. It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:. Almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of mephedrone due to its short history of its use. In , unconfirmed reports speculated about the role mephedrone has played in the deaths of several young people in the UK. By July , mephedrone had been alleged to be involved in 52 fatalities in the UK, but detected in only 38 of these cases. Of the nine that coroners had finished investigating, two were caused directly by mephedrone. Despite similarities to known neurotoxins such as methamphetamine and other cathinone derivatives, mephedrone does not appear to produce neurotoxic effects in the dopamine system of mice. It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug. As with other stimulants , the chronic use of mephedrone can be considered highly addictive with an extreme potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. Tolerance to many of the effects of mephedrone develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline in the absence of further consumption. Mephedrone presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants , meaning that after the consumption of mephedrone all stimulants will have a reduced effect. Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions although it is not guaranteed to include all of them. Always conduct independent research e. Google , DuckDuckGo , PubMed to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit. Combinations with the following substances can cause dangerously high serotonin levels. Serotonin syndrome requires immediate medical attention and can be fatal if left untreated. In December , the European Council decided that mephedrone shall be subjected by the Member States to control measures and criminal penalties. From PsychonautWiki. Summary sheet: Mephedrone Mephedrone. Physical effects. Cognitive effects. After effects. ISSN BMJ Clinical research ed. December British Journal of Pharmacology. November The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. National Poisons Information Service'. Emergency medicine journal: EMJ. January Addiction Abingdon, England. July Archived from the original PDF on Retrieved Forensic Science International. March Journal of Neurochemistry. Journal of Medical Toxicology. OCLC British Journal of Anaesthesia. PMID Official Journal of the European Union. December 2, L May 26, Die Presse. August 22, Retrieved December 27, State Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 15 August Croatian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Estonian Ministry of Social Affairs. Archived from the original on September 21, City Magazine. Retrieved December 10, Bundesanzeiger Verlag. BBC News. April 13, Isle of Man Today. February 25, Archived from the original on February 28, Irish Department of Health and Children. Archived from the original on February 21, Ministero della Salute. BBC Newsbeat. Retrieved December 26, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Archived from the original on February 10, Archived from the original PDF on February 10, Bundeskanzlei \\\\\\\[Federal Chancellery of Switzerland\\\\\\\]. Retrieved January 1, Navigation menu Personal tools Create account Log in. Namespaces Page Discussion. Views Read View source View history. Yolo Donate. Donate Contact us Guidelines Recent changes Open source. Network Good vibes Bad vibes. Summary sheet: Mephedrone.
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