How to Lower the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) are serious, life-threatening conditions that often occur suddenly, linked by the formation of dangerous blood clots. DVT forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs, while PE occurs when a clot travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow and causing severe harm. Prevention is essential for reducing the risks of both. 

In this article, we'll uncover practical lifestyle changes, medical interventions, and medications to help you lower the chances of developing DVT and PE, ensuring better health and safety.

What are the risk factors for DVT and PE?

Before exploring prevention methods, it's important to understand the risk factors. While anyone can develop these conditions, certain lifestyle choices, medical conditions, and genetic factors may increase the likelihood:

• Prolonged immobility: Long periods of inactivity, like during long flights or post-surgery recovery, can raise the risk of blood clots.
• Age: Those over 60 are at higher risk, though younger individuals with other risk factors can also develop clots.
• Obesity: Being overweight puts extra pressure on veins, increasing clot formation chances.
• Chronic conditions: Heart disease, cancer, and inflammatory disorders can increase clot risk.
• Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels, heightening the risk of clotting.
• Pregnancy and birth control: Hormonal changes during pregnancy or from birth control can increase clot formation.
• Genetic factors: Some inherited conditions make blood more likely to clot, raising the risk of DVT and PE.

What are effective strategies to lower the risk of DVT and PE?

To decrease the risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE), individuals can stay active, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and seek medical intervention when necessary. These strategies can significantly lower the likelihood of blood clots.

1. Stay Active and Move Regularly

Physical activity is one of the most practical ways to lower the risk of DVT and PE. When you stay active, your blood circulation improves, decreasing the chance of blood pooling in the veins and forming clots.

• Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week. Activities like walking, swimming, and cycling can boost circulation.
• Take breaks during long periods of sitting: If you’re sitting for an extended period, such as during a long flight or at work, make sure to stand up, stretch, and walk around every 1–2 hours.
• Leg exercises: For those who are less mobile or on bed rest, leg exercises, such as ankle pumps or knee raises, can help maintain circulation.

2. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity is a main risk factor for both DVT and PE. Obesity puts pressure on the veins, making it harder for blood to circulate properly. Losing even a small amount of weight can ease this pressure and lower the risk of clot formation.

• Follow a balanced diet: Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your meals. Cutting down the intake of processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats can help you keep a healthy weight.
• Incorporate regular exercise: Along with a healthy diet, frequent exercise plays a key role in weight management. Try to get a mix of cardiovascular and strength-training activities to burn fat and build muscle.

3. Stay Hydrated

Dehydration can make your blood thicker, increasing the chances of clotting. Staying hydrated ensures that your blood remains at the proper viscosity, reducing the risk of blood clots.

• Drink plenty of water: Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day or more if you're active, pregnant, or in a hot climate.
• Limit caffeine and alcohol: Both caffeine and alcohol can contribute to dehydration, so try to moderate your intake of these beverages.

4. Wear Compression Stockings

Compression stockings are designed to apply gentle pressure to the legs, which helps improve blood flow and prevent the formation of blood clots. These stockings can be particularly beneficial for people who are at high risk of DVT, such as those recovering from surgery or who must sit for long periods.

• Consult your doctor: Compression stockings should be fitted correctly to ensure they are both comfortable and effective. Your doctor can recommend the best type based on your risk level and medical history.

5. Avoid Smoking

Smoking is one of the most harmful habits when it comes to vascular health. It damages the blood vessels, increases clotting risk, and contributes to the formation of DVT and PE. Quitting smoking is one of the most significant steps you can take to protect your health.

• Seek support: If you’re trying to quit smoking, reach out to a healthcare provider for advice and support. There are many resources available, from smoking cessation programs to medications that can help curb cravings.

6. Medications for Blood Clot Prevention

For individuals at high risk for DVT or PE, medications can play a key role in preventing blood clots. Fondared 2.5 containing Fondaparinux Sodium is one such medication that can be prescribed to help prevent clots in patients undergoing surgery or in those who are immobile for extended periods.

• Fondaparinux sodium: This medication works by inhibiting the clotting factor Xa, which plays a critical role in the formation of blood clots. By reducing the risk of clot formation it can be a vital part of a treatment plan for individuals who have a higher likelihood of developing DVT or PE due to surgery, trauma, or other risk factors.

It is important to note that medications are often prescribed in combination with lifestyle changes, such as staying active, eating a healthy diet, and maintaining proper hydration.

7. Post-Surgery and Hospital Care

If you are undergoing surgery, particularly major surgeries like hip or knee replacements, the risk of DVT and PE is elevated. In these cases, doctors will often take steps to reduce the likelihood of blood clots forming.

• Anticoagulants: Medications or other blood thinners may be prescribed to reduce the risk of clots during the recovery period.
• Early mobilisation: After surgery, it’s essential to get moving as soon as possible to promote circulation. Physical therapy may be recommended to help regain strength and mobility.
• Specialised care: Healthcare providers may use techniques such as pneumatic compression devices or prescribe compression stockings to enhance circulation and prevent clots.

8. Know the Symptoms and Seek Early Intervention

Recognising the symptoms of DVT and PE is critical in preventing complications. If you experience any of the following signs, seek medical attention immediately:

• DVT symptoms: Swelling, redness, or warmth in one leg, along with pain or tenderness, especially when standing or walking.
• PE symptoms: Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heart rate, dizziness, or coughing up blood.

Wrapping up

Reducing the risk of DVT and PE involves regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, staying hydrated, avoiding smoking, and using compression stockings. Medications may be necessary for high-risk individuals, but prevention requires a holistic approach, combining lifestyle changes with proper medical care. Proactively managing your health can significantly lower the risk of blood clots and improve overall well-being.