How can I buy cocaine online in Zanzibar

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How can I buy cocaine online in Zanzibar

We use cookies on our website to help us understand how you use the site and to make improvements. These may be used to track your visit to our website or to enable us to personalise your browsing experience, and they may be shared with Google Analytics so that your data can be processed. Privacy and cookies policy. The time has now come f or unify in g these two separate w or lds and The Lancet family of journals can play a unique role in sett in g the research—and policy—agenda. The Global Nutrition Rep or t published in September tracks progress towards eight in dicat or s of nutrition status that have been end or sed by the W or ld Health Assembly: four relat in g to undernutrition and four to overweight, obesity, and diabetes. The good news is that there has been progress in reduc in g malnutrition in all its In dicat or def in itions: While all in dicat or s were def in ed as they appear in global guidel in es, delv in g in to various sources f or district-level data and compar in g them with each other meant that some of these def in itions had to be altered slightly to the data available. Vitam in A supplementation, f or in stance, used data f or month children in one official rep or t and data f or month children in another Privacy and cookies policy We use cookies on our website to help us understand how you use the site and to make improvements. The challenge to nutrition researchers everywhere: identify a set of actions that reduce malnutrition in all its f or ms Tak in g the nutrition conversation to the district-level in In dia: Data challenges are likely to constra in multisect or al action f or nutrition Previous 5 of 5.

Connections between trades and trafficking in wildlife and drugs

How can I buy cocaine online in Zanzibar

These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Technology and innovation. Criminal tools. Innovations across a range of areas have become key enablers for criminal networks throughout the drug supply chain. These include new methods and techniques used to produce drugs, yielding higher outputs, products with higher potency or purity, and novel consumer products; and continuous advancements in the digital sphere, as seen in the ongoing adaptation of online drug distribution models. Although a number of different factors affect levels of drug production, recent innovations in production techniques and equipment have resulted in higher outputs, products with higher potency or purity, and a broader range of consumer products. For example, innovations in agronomic techniques and equipment have been applied to coca plants in Latin America, as well as industrial cannabis cultivation sites in Europe see EU Drug Market: Cannabis. In Europe, such innovations are linked to higher cannabis herb and resin outputs, higher-potency cannabis and a more diverse range of cannabis consumer products. Another key innovation in cannabis production is the continuous emergence of new semi-synthetic cannabinoids, which are made by processing naturally occurring cannabinoids such as cannabidiol see EU Drug Market: Cannabis. Innovations in cocaine production appear to have contributed to an oversupply of cocaine in the global supply chain see EU Drug Market: Cocaine. Among the innovations is the re-oxidation of cocaine base, which is a sophisticated method used in Colombia that increases the efficiency of cocaine production. Collaboration between European and Latin American networks to produce cocaine in Europe, using chemicals and equipment of higher quality, is also driving innovation in this area. Innovations in methamphetamine production are also taking place in Europe, particularly in the resolution-racemisation-recycling RRR process see EU Drug Market: Methamphetamine , which has increased the efficiency and output of methamphetamine production. Collaboration and knowledge exchange between Mexican and European criminal networks is also driving innovation and poses a key threat. While amphetamine production appears to be relatively stable and high in Europe, there have been recent signals of changes in methods see EU Drug Market: Amphetamine. In particular, the so-called nitrostyrene method may become more prominent in the future, reflecting the adaptability and resilience of synthetic drug producers, who change their methods in response to or in anticipation of changes in the availability of chemicals. Innovations in the use of chemicals and precursors have led to transformational developments in illicit synthetic drug production. In Europe, producers have shifted from the use of highly controlled drug precursors to the use of non-regulated chemicals that can be easily converted to those precursors, or even chemicals that can be directly transformed into various synthetic drugs see EU Drug Market: Methamphetamine. As well as confirming that drug producers are becoming more adept at borrowing techniques from the pharmaceutical industry and applying them to the illicit drugs trade in order to evade detection, these developments present a challenge to the international precursor control regime. A potential future threat in this area is the application of artificial intelligence and related technologies such as large language models Europol, a to identify new chemicals and molecules that could be used in illicit drug production see Box Artificial intelligence. Importantly, the pharmaceutical industry currently uses artificial intelligence in the drug discovery and development process Qureshi et al. There have also been innovations in the concealment of drugs using chemical masking. This involves modifying the drug into a new substance, which is harder to detect by customs and law enforcement agencies. For example, producers chemically conceal cocaine hydrochloride, cocaine base and cocaine paste in carrier materials such as charcoal, coco pulp and plastics. Another new modus operandi is the smuggling of heroin dissolved in liquids along the main trafficking routes for Afghan opiates to Europe see EU Drug Market: Heroin and other opioids. However, so far, no liquid heroin seizures have been reported in the European Union. The surface web see Figure Surface web, deep web and darknet , including legitimate e-commerce platforms and social media, is an important medium for the sale of new psychoactive substances NPS , misused medicines including falsified and counterfeit medicines , illicit drugs, drug precursors and related chemicals. Large and highly flexible criminal structures have been identified in relation to online NPS shops in particular. While this has resulted in the closure of a number of online NPS shops, it is unclear whether German retailers have stopped selling these substances altogether or have relocated to darknet markets or social media. Further monitoring, analysis and investigation are required to determine how long-lasting this effect will be. Drug sales on social media platforms appear to be gaining in prominence, but there is relatively little research exploring their place in the wider technology-based drug markets see Box European Web Survey on Drugs: information on online purchases. Furthermore, given the convenience and ease of use of these platforms, there is potential for them to amplify the various risks associated with drug use Oksanen et al. Social media includes a wide range of digital platforms designed for communication. These include image-sharing platforms, instant messaging apps and online forums. There are different levels of drug market openness across these platforms, ranging from public, where vendors make their profile publicly available, to private, where drug-related content is restricted to pre-screened users. Most social media platforms appear to be used as marketplaces for illicit drugs see Box Online ethnography: examining drug distribution on social media platforms in Europe. Yet there are significant challenges involved in designing and conducting research in this area: social media content can be temporary, fragmented and rapidly changing; and messages are almost always encrypted or otherwise difficult to access. The terminology used also changes rapidly, and, unlike darknet markets — which often have a global reach — dealers on social media are often more local, with a regional or city focus. As such, research into these activities may require language processing. Vendors on social media use captions, hashtags and emojis to enable potential buyers to search for drugs Demant and Bakken, Geographical areas of operation may also be indicated to allow potential buyers to identify local vendors Moeller, Vendors are then contacted, either through the messaging function of the platform or via instant messaging apps, to conduct the transaction. This could inform appropriate policy decisions and responses van der Sanden et al. In addition to drug sales, social media is also used to recruit low-level drug market facilitators. Accounts have been identified on Snapchat that are dedicated to the recruitment of individuals for drug-related tasks, including drug smuggling and cross-border drug transportation. Money muling has been identified in some Member States as an emerging method of money laundering Europol, b. Darknet markets have been active for more than a decade. They enable buyers and sellers to conduct transactions online with a high level of anonymity. These markets are based on a combination of digital technologies, namely anonymous communication technology e. Tor — Dingledine et al. These characteristics have made them attractive for buyers and sellers of illicit drugs. As such, it is important to understand darknet trends when developing both supply- and demand-side drug policies. Darknet markets tend to be global and operate in English, although some are focused on a particular country or language group. Although sale and trade volumes on darknet markets have fluctuated over the years, reflecting the frequent entry into and exit from the ecosystem by multiple individual markets, the darknet market ecosystem is currently considered to be active, albeit at lower levels than previously observed. A number of factors, such as more frequent scams, voluntary closures and law enforcement activity, appear to have a considerable impact on drug supply via darknet markets. Data from the monitoring period, , show a darknet market ecosystem characterised by high turnover and fragmentation. An example of this is Empire, a leading darknet market that stopped operations in August , departing abruptly and failing to fulfil pending orders. However, in late , a number of markets also voluntarily closed and exited in a relatively orderly fashion once they had achieved their profit objectives and without misleading their customers including some of the largest such as WhiteHouse, Cannazon and Torrez. Numerous new markets also appeared but were mostly short-lived, creating a highly fragmented environment. The darknet market ecosystem continues to consist of many short-lived markets see Figure Darknet markets ecosystem: lifetime and reason for closure of over global darknet markets offering drugs, sorted by date. Over the next five years, it is expected that this scene will continue to fragment. While some larger, multi-vendor, multi-commodity markets may survive, there will likely be an increasing number of vendor shops and smaller markets see Box Vendor shops. International law enforcement therefore needs to focus on these smaller markets. Closure type — the reason for a market shut-down. Market status last checked on 31 December These ongoing developments underscore the dynamic nature of darknet markets — which evolve constantly to mitigate threats and exploit new opportunities — and their ability to introduce or adopt new technologies to evade interdiction. Ongoing innovation in darknet markets, and their intersection with social media and surface web applications, has caused further complexity for monitoring and interdiction. For example, a vendor shop bot for direct sales — known as Televend — emerged in , powered by the instant messaging app Telegram and supported by a Tor vendor panel see Screenshot Televend: automated direct deals platform and Box Online drug sales automation. By adding Televend as a contact on the Telegram app and following a few additional steps, users could access a list of drug vendors. The vendor shop was operated by a bot around the clock, managing purchase requests and all administrative functions. The service provided security to vendors as well as negating the risks of distributed denial-of-service DDoS attacks. Although Televend was compromised in September , it provided proof of concept for an innovative combination of darknet market and messaging app technologies for trading illicit drugs. Televend-like markets could potentially attract users who already routinely scroll through social media content and have less technological know-how than darknet market users Barratt et al. Considering the advantages for users, including convenience and a lower risk of scams, and higher protection for vendors, it is conceivable that variations of this model will emerge in future or are already operational. Other potential ways for criminals to exploit new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, may also be expected to emerge and spread in the future UNICRI and Europol, Consult the list of references used in this module. The source data for the figure Darknet markets ecosystem: lifetime and reason for closure of over global darknet markets offering drugs, sorted by date may be found below. See also this data set in our Data catalogue. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. 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How can I buy cocaine online in Zanzibar