How can I buy cocaine online in Vung Tau

__________________________

📍 Verified store!

📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!

__________________________

▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼

▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲

How can I buy cocaine online in Vung Tau

The route of kg of cocaine hidden in the fish meal. The competent force detected a large amount of drugs. In the customs declaration, the enterprise declared its imported products as Peruvian Steam Dried Fishmeal - raw material used to produce aquatic food. The whole shipment was transported to a separate warehouse by the enterprise to Lot 2, My Tho Industrial Park, My Tho City, Tien Giang Province for preservation and waiting for the quality inspection results in order to complete cargo clearance procedure in accordance with regulations. However, during loading into the warehouse, the competent forces discovered four suspicious black bags in the container, on investigation they detected kg of cocaine. The Customs agency then expanded the investigation. Through research, it found that the shipment has a long journey. In particular, there was a noticeable detail that the cargo ship docked at the port of Kaohsiung - Taiwan China for nearly a week before continuing its journey. This imported shipment was animal food derived from animals and according to the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the shipment must be quarantined. After the enterprise carried out Customs declaration registration, the shipment was taken to the warehouse of the enterprise in Tien Giang for preservation to wait for the results of animal quarantine. This is the second import container containing cocaine via sea freight discovered and seized recently. In July , Ba Ria-Vung Tau Customs Department also discovered import scrap containers of an enterprise containing kg of cocaine. These two shipments of cocaine have weird coincidences in the number, concealment tricks and route. According to the extended inspection by Customs authorities, the fish meal container containing kg cocaine was imported by Uni-President in Binh Duong. This company has been licensed to operate in Binh Duong since , it has imported fish meal from 12 foreign partners for many years. The company signed to buy this shipment from a Hong Kong company which had bought them from a Peruvian company. After discovering the imported fish meal contained cocaine, the company informed the parent company in Taiwan to talk with partners. However, its partner denied any knowledge of the cocaine discovered in Vietnam. Analyzing the journey of the shipment, customs officials said that the shipment was delivered from a company in Peru as an order of a company in Hong Kong. Concerning the shipment's journey, it was likely that drug traffickers put cocaine into the shipment to transport. This case was investigated by competent forces for clarification. The case of kg cocaine hidden in an imported scrap container in July had many similarities to the above shipment. According to the customs declaration, this container was scrap steel with a weight of 16,kg the shipment's owner being Singaporean company Stamcorp International Pte. Through inspection, the functional force also discovered four black bags containing kg cocaine. The voyage of the container containing the cocaine was also very complicated, transported through several countries before docking in Vietnam. The container was then transported by road to another port in Panama. According to the customs force, taking advantage of the import of raw materials into Vietnam for production, smugglers have used many tricks to hide illegal goods. Two imported shipments of fish meal and scrap steel containing kg of cocaine each container contains kg are typical examples. Currently, the Customs Department is implementing many solutions to control and prevent violations of drug trafficking into Vietnam and from Vietnam to third countries. Following the route of these shipments, the Customs authorities discovered unusual coincidences with kg of cocaine seized by the Ba Ria-Vung Tau Customs Department on July 24, Firm falsifies licenses to import shipments of medical equipment Backlog of 6 million packs of smuggled foreign cigarettes Rice exports to Angola soar over two-month period Cocaine hidden in a scrap steel import shipment was seized in July Cocaine in black bags was detected in April However, during loading into the warehouse, the competent forces discovered four suspicious black bags in the container, on investigation they detected kg of cocaine. Weird coincidence This is the second import container containing cocaine via sea freight discovered and seized recently. Tags: Drug shipment transport cocain. Related News. Latest News. More News. However, toxic chemicals, including cyanide, are still openly sold on the market and on social networks. Ho Chi Minh City authorities have simultaneously inspected many chemical-related businesses in District 5 and discovered many violations. Among them are especially dangerous wanted criminals hiding in Van Ho district, Son La province, Mai Chau district Hoa Binh and Dien Bien district Dien Bien who collude with domestic and foreign subjects for drug trafficking from the Golden Triangle area across the border into Vietnam and to third countries for consumption. Thanks to that, security and order in the border area and border gates have been maintained, minimizing violations. Read More. Your care. Latest Most read. Firm falsifies licenses to import shipments of medical equipment. Backlog of 6 million packs of smuggled foreign cigarettes. Rice exports to Angola soar over two-month period.

Customs broke the 2 largest illegal transportation cases of cocaine in Vietnam

How can I buy cocaine online in Vung Tau

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Corresponding author: Patricia Lee; Email: patricia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HIV among each of the three key populations in Vietnam: people who inject drugs PWID , female sex workers FSW , and men who have sex with men MSM and quantify their shared risk factors for HIV infection through a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature published in — in the relevant topics. A total of 17 studies consisting of 16, participants were selected in this review. The findings also indicated that injecting drug use OR: 9. The findings highlighted the importance of HIV prevention approaches to addressing the shared sexual and drug-related practices among the key populations in consideration of their overlapping social networks. Keywords: female sex workers, HIV pooled prevalence, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, shared risk factors. HIV infection remains a major global public health issue. In addition, effective HIV treatment programmes can prevent HIV transmission and enable people living with HIV to receive adequate treatments and continue to live well and productively \[ 2 \]. The first case of HIV in Vietnam was identified in and over the next 10 years it spread rapidly resulting in a country-wide epidemic that particularly impacted PWID. The prevalence in the population overall aged 15—49 has also stabilised at around 0. The prevalence in the three groups was projected to be These figures highlight the needs for more focused HIV prevention programmes prioritising the key populations. They generally exhibit one or more higher-risk behaviours including selling sex, unprotected sex, drug use, and use of contaminated injecting devices. Many individuals belong to more than one key population and they can have shared social networks, which change the dynamics of the spread of HIV \[ 6 — 9 \]. Assessing the HIV prevalence in each key population and common risk factors among them can provide insight into the status of the HIV epidemic among these vulnerable populations and inform HIV prevention programmes. For example, Garcia et al. However, no studies have attempted to explore potential common behavioural risk factors among the three populations together in Vietnam. International studies on similar topics are also limited. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Malta et al. However, the study did not determine the prevalence of common HIV risk factors and estimate their associations with HIV among the key populations. Thus, the objectives of this study are to estimate the overall HIV prevalence and identify the prevalence of shared risk behaviours, their strengths of association with HIV infection among three key populations: PWID, FSW, and MSM in Vietnam through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature in the relevant topics. The findings will allow for a better understanding of HIV status and underlying connections among these populations and inform an improved HIV response addressing shared risk factors. As the trend of HIV in Vietnam has stabilised since the early s 5, p. This study followed the similar search and study selection strategies reported in the previous systematic reviews on this topic \[ 6 , 10 , 11 \]. Due to the observational nature of studies concerning the relevant topics, other international guidelines including the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology MOOSE and the TREND statement Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomised Designs were also used to supplement the PRISMA Statement for quality assessment in regard to sampling and adjustments for confounding, especially the non-randomised aspects in the conduct of each study \[ 13 , 14 \]. The keyword search processes were applied to the various databases. All identified studies were imported into an EndNote reference management file. In addition, manual search was also performed to identify relevant publications through screening of references listed in the included studies and governmental and HIV organisation reports. Governmental and HIV organisational reports provided useful background information such as the HIV situation in Vietnam for this research, and they were identified through Google search and specific searches e. The literature search was conducted with the assistance of a specialist at the Griffith University Library. The final search was completed at the end of November Peer-reviewed original studies which collected their data in Vietnam in relation to HIV in any of the three key populations were included as this review is only concerned with these populations. In order to ensure the applicability of the results of this review to the Vietnamese context, data collected from Vietnamese people living in a different country or from bordering countries were deemed ineligible. As the present review intended to quantify the effects of multiple risk factors on HIV serostatus, only studies including quantitative methods both data collection and analysis and using serological tests to determine the HIV status among the selected populations were considered. In addition, the included studies pertaining to at least one of the three key populations outlined above had to report multivariable analysis results to assess the independent association between each identified risk factor and HIV. The data on the identified risk factors whether significantly associated with HIV or not were extracted from all available studies included in this review to estimate the pooled effects for HIV in meta-analyses. The study factors ranged from sociodemographic variables, behavioural risk factors, and status of sexual transmitted infection to HIV-related perception and knowledge. As the definitions of behavioural risk factors varied across studies, the most common and broader definitions were applied. Studies which did not determine the HIV status as a study outcome of the test subjects by serological test were eliminated in order to ensure the quality of outcome measurement. The serological test results could either be from blood samples taken by and analysed by the research teams or from official medical records using standard testing methods. Furthermore, all data could not be purely qualitative and at the very least, a quantitative component in mixed methods studies was necessary in order to quantify HIV prevalence and the association of common risk factors with HIV in meta-analysis. All the individual EndNote files were then merged and scanned for duplicates; and all duplicates were removed. Ineligible studies were eliminated from the combined EndNote library following title and abstract screening. Then, full-texts of the remaining publications were downloaded and assessed for eligibility based on the above-mentioned criteria. The data of identified risk factors were extracted from available studies. All the extracted data such as prevalence, odds ratio, as well as sample size of each individual study were entered into the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis CMA-v. The CMA software was used to perform the analysis of pooled HIV prevalence estimate of each key population and pooled prevalence of common HIV risk factors across key populations, and pooled effect estimates odds ratios of common risk factors for HIV status. The I 2 Index was assessed to determine the degree of heterogeneity among studies. If studies included several subsamples, various levels of prevalence in the subsamples were used for the aggregated prevalence estimate. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess potential sources of heterogeneity due to the inclusion of specific studies. Figure 1 details the change in the number of included records at each stage of the screening process. At the end of the study selection, seventeen publications \[ 7 — 9 , 16 — 29 \] were included for this systematic review and further meta-analysis. The summary of the key extracted findings is presented in Table 1. Due to overlapping risk behaviours, some respondents identified as one key population group may actually be members of multiple population groups. It is noted that 6 studies \[ 7 , 19 , 20 , 26 , 27 , 29 \] were solely conducted in large cities such as Ho Chi Minh City HCMC , Hanoi and Hai Phong, and the remaining studies were generally well geographically spread across the country. Characteristics of the included studies, HIV prevalence and behavioural risk factors in three key populations. All of the included studies were cross-sectional, but one PWID study used a matched case—control design following a cross-sectional survey to collect survey data for multivariable analysis \[ 17 \]. The study designs, data collection, and analysis methods used in the included studies are displayed in Supplementary Material Supplementary Table S2. The prevalence of HIV across the key populations reported by the 17 studies was between 0 and 0. Some PWID studies \[ 8 , 19 \] included several subsamples. Therefore, all 10 PWID studies and substudies were included in the pooled prevalence estimate. The combined prevalence in PWID was 0. Estimated prevalence in different key populations a—c. Note: 1. The diamond shape represents the pooled estimate prevalence of the meta-analysis. The estimated prevalence of injecting drug use was 0. One FSW study by Nguyen et al. Seven studies two subsamples in Le et al. A random-effects model considering large heterogeneity among the included studies in the fixed model analysis was chosen to estimate the pooled effect estimate odds ratio of injecting drug use on HIV prevalence in FSW and MSM populations. The result in Figure 3a showed a very strong association between injecting drug use and HIV. An almost fold increase OR: 9. Pooled effect sizes of selected risk factors on HIV outcome. The diamond shape represents the pooled effect size odds ratio of the meta-analysis. In some studies, drug use of various types injecting and non-injecting drugs was investigated. For example, Nguyen et al. They found a very strong association between a variety of types of drug use and HIV. It is noted that the data on multiperson use of injection devices and other drug use related behaviours were commonly reported in PWID studies but largely unavailable in FSW and MSM studies. The synthesised prevalence of this behaviour among PWID was 0. As only one FSW study reported the percentage of multiperson use of injection equipment The meta-analysis result of the pooled association of this risk factor with HIV is presented in Figure 3b. The pooled odds ratio from meta-analysis using a random-effects model was 2. The result supported an increased risk of drug-related practice for HIV infection. As this risk behaviour was mainly available in PWID studies and only one FSW study reported it, the pooled effect should be interpreted with caution. In particular, three studies \[ 8 , 9 , 26 \] reported a strong positive association OR: 4. Similarly, Le et al. Figure 3c demonstrates a moderate pooled effect OR: 2. Some studies included knowledge, perceived risk of HIV, and coinfection with other sexual transmitted infections STIs in their surveys. Sociodemographic risk factors such as age, marital status, education, and income were also commonly reported by many studies. However, different studies yielded inconsistent findings concerning the association between each of the sociodemographic factors and HIV status. Due to variations in the measurements of these variables across the selected studies, meta-analyses could not be performed to estimate the pooled effects. The results of systematic review on these variables are summarised in Supplementary Material Supplementary Table S3. The main findings of the meta-analyses suggested that the HIV prevalence in Vietnam was estimated to be The report projected a decline of HIV prevalence from Our prevalence estimate 8. In comparison with a similar study carried out in Brazil by Malta et al. The results also showed that the pooled prevalence of injection drug use among FSW 9. Even though the result was synthesised based on data from FSW and MSM, injecting drug use remained a substantial independent risk factor for HIV among the key populations. The data showed that condom use was relatively low in PWID The factors identified in this study were also consistent with the results of the above-mentioned Brazilian study \[ 11 \], and some Vietnamese review studies focusing on each of the three populations \[ 6 , 10 \]. Another study on HIV risk factors in FSW worldwide showed that inconsistent condom use and intravenous drug use were significant risk factors associated with HIV in their meta-analysis \[ 31 \]. To our knowledge, no studies employed meta-analysis to identify the shared risk factors among the three key populations. Most existing systematic review or meta-analysis studies either presented descriptive findings such as percentages or only focused on one key population. Despite the lack of data consistently available among all the three key populations for our meta-analyses, our findings further provided quantitative evidence to support the importance of addressing overlapping risk behaviours and the interrelated sexual and drug use networks among the key populations \[ 6 , 8 \]. Due to legal reasons in the country, official data on the sizes of injecting drug use among the key populations are not available. Given the elevated risks of injecting drugs and inconsistent condom use found in our meta-analyses and existing literature, the data indicated substantial unmet prevention need among these key populations. It is crucial to reorient HIV prevention services to address the overlapping sexual and drug use networks among the three key populations. Several Vietnamese MSM studies suggested that These risk behaviours are also compounded by sociocultural challenges such as legal concerns, stigma, and discrimination toward the key populations. Those who engage in certain behaviours such as sex work and illicit drug use are subject to stigma and discrimination. The issues of stigma together with internalisation of their underpinning sociocultural norms can drive key HIV populations to become socially isolated, fear disclosing their HIV status, and impede them from accessing healthcare for testing, treatment, and other support services \[ 7 , 36 — 38 \]. The HIV prevalence among MSM shown in our meta-analysis together with an increasing trend of HIV prevalence demonstrated in official reports, and research data \[ 2 , 4 , 10 \] have indicated gaps in meeting the HIV prevention needs in this population. Recent studies suggested that understanding HIV transmission in mixing social networks among the key population groups could contribute to better HIV control and prevention \[ 39 , 40 \]. Further, interpersonal interactions in social networks and network characteristics such as frequency of contact, social norms, close contacts, and social support are crucial to understanding HIV risk factors and the spread of HIV infection. Social network approaches taking these into account could be helpful for developing more effective preventative strategies for key populations \[ 39 — 43 \]. Williams and Dye \[ 44 \] used an epidemic network modelling technique developed by Kato et al. The network model could be used to guide HIV prevention programmes such as needle exchange and condom distribution programmes. Based on the findings of our review, future research is needed to extend the model to consider a potential link between these two groups considering their overlapping drug use and sexual networks and a worrying increasing trend of HIV rate in MSM. Social network approaches in addition to existing peer-driven strategies involving the key populations could provide a more comprehensive solution to addressing the common risk factors for HIV control and prevention in Vietnam \[ 46 — 48 \]. A systematic review study found that some social network-based interventions SNIs have reached a greater proportion of key populations through peers chosen from these populations \[ 42 \]. Peers are recruited and trained to disseminate health information and assist in delivering HIV prevention and treatment interventions among members from their drug and sexual networks in the community \[ 42 , 49 , 50 \]. Peers play a crucial role as educators of HIV prevention information and health advocates in SNIs to create positive norms and social support for HIV-related services such as improving ART adherence and retention in HIV care, promoting safer sex and drug use behaviours, increasing engagement in needle exchange and addiction treatment programmes \[ 42 , 51 — 54 \]. Drawing on the findings of this study, future research can explore the dynamics of social networks among the key populations to better understand the socio-cultural and economic influences that shape their overlapping risk behaviours. Future studies can also determine effective social network and peer-assisted approaches to reach the vulnerable populations and deliver HIV prevention and treatment services to them. The future directions for HIV prevention should consider programmes prioritised to the key populations and their sexual partners. These programmes can include improving access to HIV testing and services, strengthening the existing harm reduction programmes, and empowering peer educators to disseminate condoms and sterile injecting equipment and distribute health information for HIV prevention. In addition, stigma and discrimination remain the key barriers to accessing HIV services for key populations \[ 4 \]. The recent pilot project of take-home methadone maintenance therapy has demonstrated positive outcomes for PWID. Finally, HIV surveillance should consider standardising data collection tools using consistent variable definitions to monitor HIV trends and risk behaviours among key populations and inform HIV prevention strategies. This study has the following limitations. Only quantitative publications reporting multivariable results were included in this review and meta-analysis study, while qualitative or descriptive studies were omitted. However, the large sample sizes of data in all three key populations might have helped minimise the potential impact of the exclusion of these studies. Another limitation was the inclusion of literature limited to English publications only. Furthermore, the data used to synthesise odds ratios of shared risk factors were not consistently available from all the included studies or all three key populations. In addition, the definitions of the common risk factors varied across studies, which could bias the meta-analysis results. It should be noted that the lack of data on the risk factor among existing works does not imply the factor is not prevalent among the population, only that it has not been measured or reported. The limitations mentioned above might have affected the meta-analysis findings. Despite these limitations, this study has demonstrated the strengths of estimating the pooled HIV prevalence among each of the three key populations and quantified the effects of the shared risk factors for HIV which are currently absent in existing literature. The findings have highlighted the importance of prioritising HIV interventions to the unique and perhaps at times overlapping needs of these populations and broader structural issues such as stigmatisation which impeded their access to HIV testing and treatment services. Future studies are recommended to explore the complex structure and dynamics of the overlapping networks to identify possible HIV transmission links among the key populations and their sexual partners to prevent HIV transmission. The authors would like to thank Ms Bonnie Dixon Griffith University Library Specialist for her valuable advice and assistance in literature search. The extracted datasets for the meta-analysis are available on request from the corresponding author. Data curation: A. Ethics approval was not required for this study as only extracted data in peer-reviewed publications were used no human participants were involved in this study. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Epidemiol Infect. Find articles by Patricia Lee. Find articles by Ashraf Docrat. Open in a new tab. Frontloading, Yes OR: 2. Multiperson use of injecting equipment: OR: 7. Inconsistent condom use: OR: 5. Injecting in another city: OR: 1. Frequency of drug use: 31 times per month, OR: 2. On the street Being in the street. Sharing drug pots: OR: 2. Being injected by drug dealers: OR: 2. Clients injecting drugs:. Having anal sex past month. Drug use: Non-injecting drugs, OR: 1. Drug use: Injecting drugs, OR: Inconsistent condom use: OR: 2. Ever using illicit drugs: Yes, OR: Borrowing used injecting equipment: Yes, OR: 32 9. Injecting drug use: OR: Recreational drug use: Previously, OR: 7. Types of drug use ref. Consistent condom use Frequently, OR: 0. Sexual partners injecting drugs: Yes, OR: 2. Injecting drugs: OR: 2. Selling sex, OR: 8. Lee and Docrat supplementary material Lee and Docrat supplementary material. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Go et al. Duration of injection: OR: 4. Quan et al. Sharing drugs: Frontloading, Yes OR: 2. Nguyen et al. Tran et al. Street sample Being in the street OR: 2. Clients injecting drugs: Yes, OR: Le et al. Serological Test HIV rates raging 0. Serological Test Average: 2. Thuong et al. Serological Test Average: 4. Pham et al. Serological Test

How can I buy cocaine online in Vung Tau