How can I buy cocaine online in Lagos

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How can I buy cocaine online in Lagos

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Corresponding author: Rebecca Soremekun, rebeccasoremekun yahoo. Drug abuse, an excessive and persistent self-administration of a drug without regard to the medically or culturally accepted patterns, has been reported amongst teenagers and adolescents in various regions of the world. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of drug use amongst students of junior and senior secondary schools aged 10—15 years. Students were sampled using stratified random sampling with classes as strata and sampling performed by balloting. Ethical approval was received from district school boards. A total of students participated in the survey. In this study, alcohol had the highest lifetime drug prevalence rate Gender, educational level, type of school management, and geographical economic distribution were found to be predictors of prevalence of drug use. This study demonstrated significant differences in the prevalence of tobacco and opioids use among students in private and public schools; and documented statistically significant differences in the prevalence of cocaine use between low income and high-income areas in two LCDAs in Lagos, Nigeria. Prevalence of lifetime, recent use, and current use of drugs among secondary school students in two LCDAs located in Lagos State, Nigeria were documented with alcohol as the drug with the highest prevalence. Drug abuse, an excessive and persistent self-administration of a drug without regard to the medically or culturally accepted patterns, is a major public health problem all over the world. Several adolescents of school age 10—21 years have been known to experience mental health problems, which may be transient or sustained and may adversely affect their learning and development. In Nigeria, common drugs of use were categorised by Haladu 3 as social drugs, stimulants hallucinogens, narcotics sedatives, tranquilisers and miscellaneous solvents. Haladu 3 also identified common factors motivating students to start drug use, including experimental curiosity, peer influence, lack of parental supervision, personality problems, the need for energy to work for long hours, availability of drugs of use, exposure on social media, the need to prevent the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms, purchasing power and cultism. These factors have been confirmed in several findings amongst Nigeria adolescents. Students, especially those in secondary schools, tend to see the drug user as one who is tough, bold and strong. According to the U. Department of Health and Human Service, there was a drop in the use of drugs especially tobacco, alcohol and marijuana during the late s. However, a recent upturn has been reported with adolescents beginning experimentation with psychoactive drugs as early as the 8th-grade equivalent to Junior Secondary School 2 in Nigeria. A few surveys have reported substance use amongst secondary school students aged between 10 and 15 years in two other regions in Nigeria 8 , 10 and the recent BBC report on substance use in the Northern region of the country reveals a high level of use amongst youths. This study was therefore carried out in Lagos, the commercial capital of the country to contribute data to fill this gap. The study set out to determine the prevalence of drug use amongst secondary school students, elicit their perception of drug use in their environment and identify the factors that may contribute to the initiation of drug use amongst this category of students within the city. It also contributes data on the differences between the affluent and low per capita neighbourhoods which before now was not available in the literature. The sample size was calculated to be using the Fisher formula. With more students attending the public schools to the private schools, the sample was shared proportionally. All eligible students were presented with information about the study as a group in a classroom, and those willing to participate were then asked to present in a designated classroom. Questionnaires were self-administered and retrieved as soon as possible. The students were assured of confidentiality, and their teachers were not in the same room during the administration of the questionnaire. Data were collected over 2 months, summarised using appropriate descriptive statistics and tests of association determined using the chi-square test. Infrequent use or 12 months prevalence refers to the percentage of students who have taken the drug in question in the last 12 months preceding the study. Recent use or 1-month prevalence refers to the percentage of students who have taken the drug in question in the last 30 days preceding the study. For medicinal opioids, non-medical drug use was differentiated from medical use by asking participants to only report use without a prescription. The authors ensured quality and integrity of the survey and sought informed consent for students under the age of 18 years, the teachers gave consent but student assent was sought. Data collected were anonymised to ensure that no identifying information was collected. All participants participated voluntarily. This research was performed independently by the researchers and there is no conflict of interests to report. The number of male students who participated in the study was The age bracket with the highest frequency was 15—16 years, constituting Sixteen students did not disclose their age Table 1. In total, respondents participated in this study The percentage of students living in low-income areas was The highest current use and lifetime prevalence by percentage were seen amongst alcohol users. Other current user and lifetime prevalence for substances are presented in Table 2. Most secondary school students in the two LCDAs sampled initiated non-medical drug use at age 13—14 years Table 3. The most common drug to which the students were introduced was alcohol, followed by the pharmaceutical opioids at age 13—14 years. However, students reported being introduced to non-medical drug use at 10 years or less. Students in this survey most commonly identified family members Other individuals who were identified include casual acquaintances 2. However, a significant number of students did not remember the person who introduced them to drug use. However, a large percentage A few respondents considered it very easy to get Marijuana cannabis By percentages, students in lower economic areas There was no significant difference in the number of students who perceived it easy to get opioids in both low 5. This relationship was not apparent with the other drugs of abuse. A quarter of the respondents claimed to have taken drugs not listed in the questionnaire. Some of them reported inhaling or smoking things such as perfume, gum, ammonia NH3 , spirit and spray glue. Other pharmaceutical drugs were also reported including chlorpheniramine and pain relievers such as diclofenac and aspirin. This study identified lifetime, recent use and current use prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, inhaled substances, tranquilisers, sedatives, heroin and pharmaceutical opioids amongst secondary students in public and private schools. The highest current use and lifetime prevalence by percentage were seen amongst alcohol users and most of the students in the two LCDAs initiated non-medical drug use at age 13—14 years. This study captured data from respondents aged 10—14 years, contributing to the body of knowledge about this particular demographic class. The mean age 15—16 years for secondary school students reported in this study is comparable to The studies by Oshodi et al. The higher prevalence recorded here These packs are convenient to hide on young persons. Tobacco lifetime prevalence 5. This suggests a possible trend of decreasing tobacco use amongst young people and warrants further investigation. Contrariwise, a recent national survey did not reflect similar outcomes in the general population of 15—64 year olds, and hence the observed downward trend may be unique to this age group. The reported incidence of cocaine and heroin use in this demography has remained unchanged from the levels reported by Oshodi et al. The YADA project specifically targets in-school youth with interventions to prevent, reduce and stop the initiation of drug use in all local government areas within Nigeria. The lifetime use prevalence of cannabis in this study, though lower than that seen in an earlier study, 22 does not appear to be directly because of any effect of regulation as no programme can be directly traced to reduce the use of the drug in this demography. Of particular note is the fact that the use of cannabis is even currently more widespread amongst the adult population, with Nigeria reporting one of the highest local seizures of the drug in The prevalence of the use of inhaled substances 5. The age of initiation in the national survey was similar to the age of initiation reported in this study. The national survey also reported a lower prevalence of non-medical use of sedatives and tranquilisers than identified in this study. Gender has been reported as a significant factor in the consumption of drugs. These data are supported by the recent general population drug use survey. This study also identified a higher prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, tranquilisers, sedatives and opioids tramadol and codeine amongst senior secondary school students than in the junior secondary school students. There were no prior studies powered to identify these differences, and hence more studies are required to test this difference. Similarly, the study also identified an increased prevalence of drug use with increasing age. This may be because of unmitigated initiation of drug use at a young age, followed by persistence in use compounded by increasing peer influence. As identified in several studies, family members and peers are an important factor in the initiation and persistence of drug use. This study identified a higher likelihood for a higher lifetime and current user prevalence of tobacco and pharmaceutical opioid use amongst public secondary school students compared to private secondary schools in Lagos State. However, this does not hold for other drugs of use surveyed. This may be related to insufficient supervision for students in public schools, and other attendant socio-economic problems such as overcrowded classes, absenteeism, increased health risk and violent confrontations outside the school premises that are replete amongst students attending public schools in Nigeria who are mainly from the lower economic strata. Interventions to reverse this trend must be holistic and take into cognisance the socio-economic background of the student. Per capita income is also a significant factor. Students attending schools in areas populated by people with higher per capita income were more likely to be abusing cannabis and cocaine than those in areas with lower per capita income. This may be related to the higher purchasing power available to students in these areas. Therefore, interventions to ameliorate the uptake of cannabis and cocaine amongst students in higher per capita income areas must take into cognisance this important contributing factor. Reasons for using drugs reported by some of the students include relief of stress, treatment of an illness and performance enhancement. These are supported by findings from earlier surveys. The sample under study may not adequately represent the population of secondary school students in Lagos State, even though the effort was made to ensure that the study recruited as widely as possible. This study also accounted for adolescents and young adults in school and did not take into consideration peers who may be out of school. This study documented lifetime, recent use and current use prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, inhaled substances, tranquilisers, sedatives, heroin and pharmaceutical opioids amongst secondary school students in two LCDAs located in Lagos State, Nigeria. Alcohol was the drug with the highest prevalence amongst the students followed by the opioids tramadol and codeine , whilst cocaine had the lowest prevalence. The prevalence of cigarette was low in comparison with the other social drug — alcohol. Age, sex, educational level, type of school management and the economic area where the school is located all contribute significantly to the prevalence of drug abuse amongst secondary school students in Lagos. The perception of ease of access to drugs was not significantly associated with drug use or the economic level of the area where the school is located. Students identified stress, medication for health reasons and performance enhancement as reasons for the use of drugs. The authors hereby acknowledge the support of the administrators and teachers of the 10 surveyed secondary schools in the Alimosho local government area and Eti-Osa local government area. They organised the students for the coordinated administration of the questionnaire. All authors approved the final manuscript. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any affiliated agency of the authors. Prevalence and perception of drug use amongst secondary school students in two local government areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. S Afr J Psychiat. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. S Afr J Psychiatr. Find articles by Rebecca O Soremekun. Find articles by Bukola O Folorunso. Find articles by Oluwatosin C Adeyemi. Received Jul 13; Accepted May 20; Collection date Age Frequency Percentage 10 years old or less 1 0. Open in a new tab. Note: Secondary school students reported age in a range. Age at which secondary school students recollect using drug for the first time non-medical. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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How can I buy cocaine online in Lagos

Adewumi I. Badiora does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. It is the centre of commercial and economic activities in Nigeria. The existence of informal settlements makes it difficult to come up with a more precise number. Lagos has grown rapidly since Nigerian independence in , when its estimated population was , people. In the s, its population reached 2. The government of Lagos state estimates that 86 young migrants arrive every hour. This rapid urbanisation has been poorly managed. The result is crumbling public infrastructure, poor sanitation, poverty, and shortages of employment opportunities, food, social services, housing and public transport. These challenges combine to make the city susceptible to criminal activities. Organised crime and violent conflicts are a public safety and security challenge. The issue of crime has been with Lagos for years. The statistics on reported crime incidences in Nigeria by the National Bureau of Statistics shows that Lagos has remained in a class of its own. Lagos State had the highest percentage share of total cases reported with 50, I currently lead the African Cities Research Consortium safety and security domain research in Lagos. My research identified various drivers of insecurity in Lagos. They included youth migration and unemployment; inequality and poverty; the visible network of organised youth criminal groups; proliferation of small arms and drugs; inadequate preparedness of the city government; police corruption; the high rate of out-of-school children; and poor urban planning. I argue that for residents to feel secure, the government needs to include these drivers in approaches to solving security challenges in Lagos. In my African Cities Research Consortium safety and security domain research in Lagos, unemployment and the proliferation of small firearms and drugs stand out as trends. A survey on Navigating Unemployment in Lagos, Nigeria revealed that In Lagos, youth of years make up about half of the population , equalling over ten million people facing high rates of unemployment. I do not have current unemployment data but in its fourth quarter nationwide survey, the National Bureau of Statistics estimated a According to my research participants, drug abuse and illicit arms have become serious issues. Some of the city precincts in communities such as Ikorodu, Somolu, Agege, Bariga, Ojo, Oshodi, Mushin and Badagry have become warehouses and destinations for firearms and drugs. A recent survey published by ENACT Transnational on organised crime in Africa has shown that between and , the largest supply of live ammunition transported into Nigeria illegally was intercepted at Lagos. This was made up of 21,, items of live ammunition and 1, pump action guns. Most of the illegal weapons pass through ports in west Africa; some are imported over land borders. The police have confirmed that hooligans acquire illicit firearms from local blacksmiths who make them, and from corrupt security officers. In November , security agents intercepted cannabis in Ibeshe, Iworoshoki and Badagry, and in January , the drug law enforcement agency intercepted cannabis at Ikeja. Findings from my research in Lagos show respondents perceive high levels of violent crime in the city. Youth aged 13 to 40 are mostly the perpetrators. While there are no accurate statistics of daily violent crime incidences, residents are complaining. In , the police reported that no fewer than people were murdered in Lagos — the highest number in years. Young people have formed themselves into street gangs. My research respondents spoke of violent encounters in which their assailants used firearms and were often under the influence of alcohol or drugs or both. This was the experience of 18 respondents, out of a sample of 50 randomly selected respondents. Some respondents described street gangs in Lagos who are constantly high on drugs and have no regard for human life. Other respondents said drugs were accessible and affordable even for unemployed youth. Respondents believed that a combination of a large youth population, unemployment and easy access to drugs and illicit firearms was proving deadly. The crime triangle in Lagos — youth unemployment, drugs and illicit arms — requires urgent attention. My study in Lagos shows that a widespread sense of economic hopelessness exacerbates the use of drug and firearms by young people in Lagos. Youth who embrace this culture of violence are those who feel that they have no stake in the city and no trust in the government to provide opportunities for them. Thus, the state and communities must address the lack of opportunities and alternatives, reaching out to marginalised youth and providing them with an environment in which they can lead a fulfilling life. An effective strategy is one that provides legitimate activities and job opportunities for them. Government action is required to ensure that opportunities exist for training in a trade or life skill. This would enable youth to make better choices and find productive employment. They could be socially responsible and play an active role in the city rather than becoming a threat in their communities. Special operations should be directed at drug addicts and unlicensed firearms carriers. The approach should be to disrupt the market for illicit arms and drugs. Security agencies can work with communities to discover new dealing locations and make buyers feel vulnerable and uncomfortable through sting operations — pretending to be dealers or users. Urban planning approaches could also be applied such as inclusive planning of informal settlements, installation of security cameras and street lighting, limiting access to problematic streets through road changes, removal of transport stops used by drug and firearms users and their dealers, and improved signage. Edition: Available editions Europe. Become an author Sign up as a reader Sign in. Nigerian police officers detain a man during a political rally in Lagos on 21 February Badiora , Olabisi Onabanjo University. Author Adewumi I. Events More events.

How can I buy cocaine online in Lagos