How can I buy cocaine online in Kristiansand

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How can I buy cocaine online in Kristiansand

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. We therefore conducted a survey to explore these issues. Participants completed an interview-administrated questionnaire. The mean age was Overall, The majority Almost all the participants Drug treatment may play an important role in COVID prevention, as those in OMT were more likely to be aware of symptoms and of availability of services. The same day, the Norwegian government declared a national lockdown and kindergartens, schools, universities, training facilities, restaurants and libraries were closed. Gathering of more than five persons was prohibited and strict regulations were implemented on travelling both domestically and internationally. Admissions were voluntary and the units had a liberal treatment policy for opioid substitution and tranquilizers. Finally, we examined drug availability and prices as experienced by the respondents. Oslo and Bergen had open drug scenes, while no such scene existed in Kristiansand. An interview-administrated questionnaire was developed in close collaboration with representatives for PWUD and professionals. The questionnaire included background characteristics, questions about the substances including alcohol used, OMT status, availability of substances and changes in drug prices in the illegal drug market during the COVID pandemic. The participants responded to questions about the common COVID symptoms and if they currently experienced any of these symptoms. The symptoms included body aches, shortness of breath, cough, stomach pain, headache, changes in taste or smell, sore throat and fever. The questionnaire took three-five minutes to complete. The study also included an intervention in terms of informing participants who were not aware of the COVID symptoms or available services. The sample is a convenience sample. Any individual, above 18 years, using any of the substances mentioned above could be included. Participants were recruited via phone by social workers or by outreach workers, low threshold service staff or peers from user organizations near the open drug scenes and at low-threshold services. The open drug scenes in Oslo and Bergen are areas of the towns were substances are relatively openly bought and sold on the illegal market. The refusal rate was not recorded. In total, we excluded 14 questionnaires, either because the respondent had participated previously duplicates or because the respondent did not complete the questionnaire. We gave a short sheet of information to each participant to read or the interviewer read it aloud to the participant. We conducted the statistical analyses in Stata Willingness to take a test if experiencing any symptoms. We included the following independent variables into each of the three models: gender, age, the main drug of choice, OMT status and recruitment city. More than half of the sample Furthermore, The participants reported to currently use an average of 2. There were no statistically significant differences between genders. In our study, it includes both prescribed and illegal medications. Almost all of the participants A minority Shortage was reported for tranquilizers A majority Among the reporting an increase in drug prices, the majority OMT status was only significantly associated with being aware of services for males, not for females. Notes: Odds ratios are adjusted for recruitment city Oslo, Bergen and Kristiansand in addition to other variables in table, but estimates not shown in the table. This study represents a snapshot of the situation during the early pandemic phase in Norway, but it highlights a more general phenomenon; the need for tailored messaging specifically towards vulnerable groups. Early in a crisis, such as the COVID pandemic, the findings from this study emphasize the importance of reaching out to PWUD, both those in treatment, but also those outside formal treatment. It is encouraging that treatment engagement seems to play an important role in COVID prevention, but it also means that a special effort is needed in order to reach PWUD not in treatment. PWUD not in treatment have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality Degenhardt et al. During the early pandemic it was a rapid development in the general knowledge about COVID, however it was less emphasis on specifically targeted messaging towards subpopulations. This may have rendered vulnerable groups additionally vulnerable. In situations with societal change and rapid developments, the importance of clear and updated information targeted towards a range of subpopulations is critical. Still, the results clearly indicate the need for better information among PWUD about the symptoms of COVID, since a third of the sample were not familiar with the symptoms. Lack of knowledge regarding COVID symptoms could be one reason for the low proportion in our sample reporting any such symptoms. We have not been able to identify similar studies among PWUD. However, if the high proportion of participants in our sample is a reflection of attitudes in the target population, it is important to ensure information of test availability, easy access to test facilities, and to ensure proper care of those testing positive, in safe and professional settings. Cannabis in particular appears to have become more expensive, followed by illicit prescription drugs. This suggests that our findings may be generalized to persons who use drugs beyond our sample. Peer interviewers conducted almost a third of the interviews, which further strengthens our findings, because they have a better knowledge of the drug using surroundings and know many PWUD. On the other hand, there are also some study limitations. Self-reported interview data are open to recall bias, under- and over-reporting and imprecise estimation. They are also open to social desirability bias; where the participants may underreport socially undesirable attitudes and behaviors, and to over-report more desirable attitudes Latkin et al. It is possible that the high proportion reporting willingness to test is a consequence of this bias. It is also a limitation that we did not collect any information on the non-responders, nor did we collect the refusal rate. The main finding was that current or recent OMT experience i. Furthermore, our findings indicate a change in the Norwegian drug market in the two months following community lockdown, in particular in terms of an increase in the price of cannabis. Gabrielle Welle-Strand: Planned and managed the project, developed the questionnaire, recruited the interviewers, entered about half of the interviews into the database, responsible for all drafts and the final manuscript. Svetlana Skurtveit: Helped with analyses, gave feedback on all drafts of the manuscript including the tables, and approved the final manuscript and tables. Thomas Clausen: Gave feedback on the questionnaire and the project proposal, gave feedback on all drafts of the manuscript including the tables, and approved the final manuscript and tables. Christine Sundal: Performed 50 of the interviews, gave feedback on all drafts of the manuscript including the tables, and approved the final manuscript and tables. Linn Gjersing: Responsible for the analyses, gave feedback on all drafts of the manuscript including the tables, and approved the final manuscript and tables. We are grateful to all the participants who contributed with their knowledge and experience and thus making this study possible. A very special thank you goes to all the interviewers. GWS is grateful to the Municipality of Oslo permitting her to plan and perform most of the study while she was working at Vestli Isolation unit. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. Find articles by Gabrielle K Welle-Strand. Find articles by Svetlana Skurtveit. Find articles by Thomas Clausen. Find articles by Christine Sundal. Find articles by Linn Gjersing. All rights reserved. No Body aches Open in a new tab. Are you familiar with covid symptoms? Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Are you, to the same extent as previously, able to buy your regular substances? Other a. Tranquilizers a. Other b.