How can I buy cocaine online in Iloilo City

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How can I buy cocaine online in Iloilo City

Introduction Background and Rationale. Drugs have been the main concern for public health globally. There are currently 1. It was thought to be a difficult but manageable condition that affects brain processes and behavior, addiction can be treated, but it must go through rehabilitation steps. Drug addiction, also known as drug dependency, is a persistently relapsing condition characterized by a need to seek and take drugs, a lack of control in controlling intake, and the appearance of a depressed mood when drug availability is prohibited Amerikan Psychaiatric Association Weiss, In March of , there were 1. Due to the escalating death rates, it brings the authorities in an overwhelming situation as well in the rehabilitation centers Almendral, Out of 42, 14 are owned by the government while the rest are operated privately. Therefore, shows that the availability of services of people in need are limited Briola, A Rehab center in Bicutan, for example, has more than doubled its bed capacity due to the high demand. As a result, Dr. Bien Leabres has been compelled to conduct more group therapies and activities rather than one on one counseling. Rehab care workers face challenges as fears. Weiss, ; Gavilan, The drug clear rating for barangays in Iloilo province was Community based drug support was mandated in order to address the problems in accessing drug treatment programs. In communities, this entails offering holistic care in the form of preventative education, health promotion, screening, treatment, and rehabilitation services, primary health care, basic support, education, skills training, and livelihood possibilities United Nation Office of Drug and Crime, Community- based programs are cost effective and proven to reduce the hospital stay, emergency room visits, and criminality. It achieves efficient and long-term results; this method recognizes the complexities of drug use and engages the client's family and community. Effectiveness and barriers in the treatment program were explored by many studies from the perspective of service consumers. However, limited research studies discussed the treatment program from the perspective of rehab care workers specifically in Iloilo. This will also include identification of challenges that may inhibit the effectiveness of the program. Additionally, findings from this study can be used as a reference for the future researcher with the similar topic. This research primarily aims to determine the perspective of rehab care workers in terms of the effectiveness of the community-based rehabilitation program in Iloilo. This will also determine the services that the program implemented to people who use drugs. Furthermore, the final output of this study will provide baseline evaluative data to improve the service of the rehabilitation program towards the clients. The findings can contribute to the stakeholders and governments to improve policies and care services towards the effectiveness of the community-based rehabilitation program CBRP in Iloilo. Recommendations in this study will provide a patient health-centered and theoretical evidence-based approach, improving the overall management of community-based programs in iloilo. Community-Based Rehabilitation CBR programs are defined as the solution that provides the same social, political, health, and education privileges as other persons in the community regardless of their disabilities or disorders WHO, Order No. Effectiveness is defined as the degree of a certain outcome in a situation or a solution that is successful Garner, n. In this study, effectiveness is measured under the perspective of rehabilitation care workers about the community-based rehabilitation programs in terms of the number of patients who graduated and did not graduate in the program. Illegal drugs are classified as drugs that are against the law, this covers the production, distribution, or the usage of the drugs. Also, a drug that has been dangerously changed is likewise an unlawful substance Market Business News, Groups are included as the patients used marijuana cannabis , ecstasy 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine, or MDMA , cocaine, and shabu methamphetamine. Perspective or a point-of-view is defined as the attitude of someone towards a certain occurrence or happening Oxford Learners Dictionary, Rehabilitation care workers are explained as the persons who provide interventions concerning patients ' functioning and reduction of disability with the engagement to the environment WHO, As used in this study, rehabilitation health care workers are grouped according to their profession and field of work in the rehabilitation care center. Effectiveness of the program is not only influenced by the lack of resources, but also with other factors such as attitudes of the rehab care workers towards giving care to individuals who use drugs. In ascertaining the challenges influencing the program's effectiveness, it will provide baseline evaluation to improve the service of the rehabilitation program towards the client. Moreover, the difficulties that rehabilitation care professionals confront may be acknowledged, which may increase their ability to provide care more efficiently. Most importantly, the findings of this study can be used as a reference by future scholars. Retrospective data analysis will be used through survey questionnaires. This study will utilize stratified random sampling on the accredited target population to avoid bias in terms of their positions. This study will not cover and discuss the experiences of the PWUD; hence it will only focus on the perspective of the rehabilitation care workers concerning the effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation programs in Iloilo. The results may or may not be generalizable to all community-based. Instead of treating illegal drug use as a criminal justice issue, UNODC urges that it be treated as a public health issue, with community-based treatment offered as a viable alternative to incarceration whenever possible. The community-based rehabilitation program is cost-effective and proven to reduce hospital stay, visits from emergency rooms, and criminality. United Nation Office of Drug and Crime UNODC advocates for a holistic strategy that involves necessary assessment, planning of treatment, implementation of the program, and management of cases. Another important feature of community-based therapy is the availability of a comprehensive continuum of care that addresses the stakeholders' general health, family, education, and employment needs, it also emphasizes the active participation of persons who are impacted by drug use, as well as their families and community members, in the delivery and design of services. Community-based treatment and care for drug use and dependence. Project 'Tokhang' initiated by Philippine National Police targets drug-affected barangays in coordination with local government units through the passage of R. The Philippines' growing number of surrendering drug users is a 'pleasant problem,' but the Dangerous Drugs Board DDB admits that its intervention programs may suffer if agencies engaged are not provided urgent help. A total of 5, persons were admitted to residential treatment and rehabilitation institutions in both government and private. There are 4, people in this group. According to the Comprehensive Act of , drug addicts can 'voluntarily turn to treatment and rehabilitation. However, not all drug users require admission to treatment programs. According to Reyes, depending on the 'degree' of drug usage, some people may only need outpatient programs. Unfortunately, drug rehabilitation has been a low priority in the country in recent years, leaving them with less resources and logistical options as they deal with an increase of people seeking treatment. This is also the reason why other DDB policies have not been fully implemented. According to the DDB, the Philippines currently has 45 rehab centers and services, 18 of which are funded by the government and 27 of which are privately owned. People must be addressed because, according to Reyes, they can still change and become a better part of society, as drug abuse is a disease that must be treated as such. According to the World Drug Report, a maximum of million individuals whose ages from 15 to 64 years old have either sought help to the rehabilitation center for modifying behavior, may it be forced or voluntary. Common symptoms include muscle cramps, vomiting, and delirium. It can also be associated with depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Tobacco, alcohol and bhang are the common being abused by 15 to 65 years old in which becomes a concern for parents, communities, and policymakers. Governments and non-government organizations, individuals and religions act up to address the growing number of drug addicts. And so, they devise a rehabilitation center whose program is to modify behaviors. Although the rehab center is meant to modify behaviors of drug addicts, it is still not well known how effective the rehab center is in modifying their behaviors in Kisii County. Sereta, B. An assessment of effectiveness of drug rehabilitation programs in Kisii county- Kenya. In a drug rehabilitation in Mombasa, Kenya, three quarters of the rehabilitation dropped and went back to their vice due to unsatisfied service offered. Though, it was uncertain on what those specific issues are and they lack knowledge on how the programs are effective in modifying the behavior of rehabilitee. Staff were trained enough. Promote professional handling of clients to achieve a triumphant rehabilitation process. The department of the programs investigate different problems the staff and the clients experienced in the rehab centers so that they could develop policies that help in funding and increase staffs on these centers to enhance the service of care to the rehabilities. The campaign's goal was to eradicate individuals who used and supplied illicit drugs in the nation. There are also reports of extra judicial killings, that about 7, of drug abusers and pushers were killed by vigilantes and national police HRW, Poor families are particularly affected by the campaign Quintos, , as they lack the resources to defend themselves, they become a prey for those in power. Amnesty International, As the number of death rates escalates, authorities are in an overwhelming situation as well in the rehabilitation centers Almendral, The major challenge in the implementation of the community-based program is insufficient resources in the mental health services. Stigmas on the drug abusers and hesitancy to seek treatment is another possible barrier in the community-based interventions Hechanova et al. Also, by examining the influence of recovery support in the recovery of drug users. Drug abuse is known to be the main concern of public health globally. In the Philippines, mental health fundings received less attention, not until war on drugs was implemented. As a result, accommodation of drug surrenderees was insufficient. Health professionals and researchers from different parts of the nation, considered drug abuse as a burden not only in health but also to the economy that needed to be addressed to promote health. Community based programs are designed by UNODC to address the problems in accessing drug treatment programs. It is cost effective and proven to reduce the hospital stay, emergency room visits, and criminality. The findings of the UNODC were validated by many studies in terms of its efficacy, the majority of the studies indicate that there is an improvement in the wellbeing of the participants as evidenced by strengthened relationships with the family, maintained peace and order, and improved health. However, the efficacy of the programs varies because there are barriers that inhibit its effectiveness. It was said that this can be managed if the stakeholders and policymakers implement a policy that can help in funding and increase staffs on these centers to enhance the service of care to the rehabilities. Based on the gathered data, efficacy of the community-based program varies depending on what factors are present. Figure 1. The figure above provides a preview of the data, process of transforming the data, and the expected outcome. The IPO model is the investigation of performance and processing systems that elicit the use of raw materials that are transformed by internal system processes to produce results output APA Dictionary, This research adopted the Input- Process- Output Model that provides an insight on what are the steps the researchers will take to determine the effectiveness of the CBR. Although there are studies that investigated the effectiveness of the program, it is imperative that we highlight programs that have been implemented in the rehabilitation center in Iloilo and its effectiveness to the people who use drugs from the perspective of the rehabilitation care workers. Moreover, this study will adopt the criteria suggested by the UNODC which is intended in the Philippine settings to determine the effectiveness of the community- based rehabilitation program. This study will utilize a descriptive evaluative design which allows the investigator to assess the perspective of rehab care providers in rehabilitation centers in Iloilo. In addition, the manner in which the health care provider possesses, may help the investigator to fully understand the nature of the program. Lastly, this research will make use of retrospective or secondary data analysis to gather data through survey questionnaires. This will provide concrete data regarding the effectiveness of CBRP in the perspective of rehab care workers in Iloilo. Selected participants from this study can provide all necessary and relevant data regarding the effectiveness of Community Based Rehabilitation Program CBRP. The data samples will undergo stratified random sampling, and will be evaluated based on the set of inclusion criteria. All rehab care workers aside from the non- medical healthcare workers will be chosen as the respondents. Some portion of Iloilo will be incorporated into conducting this research study. Selection process will commence using the stratified sampling method. After selecting respondents, there will be an evaluation of who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Arrange an appointment to the rehabilitation care workers. Invitation to participate in the study will be provisioned. Upon agreeing, they will be informed of the purpose of study, and the process of gathering data. An informed consent will be handed to avoid discomfort of the respondents and to protect their confidentiality and privacy throughout this research study. Perform data collection. The researchers will use survey questionnaires as a tool to assess the program's effectiveness. In the first part of the questionnaire, demographic data of the respondents will be included. This is to determine the characteristics of the respondents as well as their rehabilitation center. The second part will be the CBR program evaluation which can be answerable whether the respondents observe the questions adequately met, inadequately met, and not met at all, to indicate to which extent the standards are met. Service is easily accessible with regard to location, travel time and transportation. Service is accessible regardless of the client's ethnic, political, or religious background or beliefs of the client. Initial assessment is performed to prioritize interventions in a coordinated treatment plan. An evaluation of the social situation is made e. Client management, progress, and referral records are recorded. Treatments are determined based on drug use, physical and mental health, and social situations. Referral to other services is offered in case of discharge. In treatment programs, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights applies. Without the client's permission, information on the client's illness, progress, and treatment participation is not disclosed to anybody. Apart from the electronic gadgets, data will have a backup on Google Drive and a flash drive both of which will be held and protected by one of the data managers. Only members of the research team will have access to the information acquired to maintain confidentiality. After collection of data from survey questionnaires, data will be stored in the folders to avoid loss of data. Coding of the data process will then commence by converting the data gathered into a numeric format. The results from the CBRP evaluations will be interpreted in a tabular and graphical presentation and will be using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS as the software for the statistical analysis to analyze the data numerically. The formulas that will be used are frequency and percentage. Month Activities 1 2 3 4. Category 2: Evaluation of the Community-Based Rehabilitation Program from the perspective of rehab care workers. The researchers shall ensure the participants have sufficiently understood the information. Participants shall be given each opportunity to ask questions and should answer them honestly, promptly, and completely. This form will lead the respondent to be informed of the details and purpose of the study. Informed consent form ICF will contain the purpose of the study, the procedure to be made with the data upon answering the survey questionnaires, and the benefits of the study not only to the participants but also to the community and PWUD. Informed Consent is obtained by informing Rehabilitation Care Workers RCW , by explaining and answering the question as they arise, by ensuring that they understand what this research study is all about, by obtaining agreement from them, researchers elicit their informed consent, and in doing so manifest for their dignity and autonomy National Ethical; Guidelines, The participants have the opportunity to withdraw and voluntary participation shall be ensured to the rehabilitation care workers. Amnesty International. Ashtankar, H. Felt Need and Treatment-seeking. Effective and humane ways to manage the drug problem in the. Poor Filipinos most vulnerable in. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Uploaded by Erikah Eirah Beloria. This document provides a research proposal that aims to evaluate the perspectives of rehabilitation care workers on the effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation programs for people who use drugs in Iloilo, Philippines. Specifically, the study seeks to describe the services provided in these programs, determine the views of care workers on program effectiveness, and identify any challenges impacting outcomes. It is significant because it can help improve policies and services to enhance rehabilitation program success. The methodology will involve collecting data from care workers on topics like client graduation rates, relapse rates, and number of clients lost to follow up. For Later. AI-enhanced title and description. Document Information click to expand document information This document provides a research proposal that aims to evaluate the perspectives of rehabilitation care workers on the effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation programs for people who use drugs in Iloilo, Philippines. Original Description:. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Download now. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Camit, Chyra Mae R. Diaz, Claudine C. Morong, Jemy Rose T. Salcedo, Kate Angeline L. Servando, Gene Simon A. Tayona, John Mark A. Statement of the Problem Community- based programs are cost effective and proven to reduce the hospital stay, emergency room visits, and criminality. Definition of Terms Community-Based Rehabilitation CBR programs are defined as the solution that provides the same social, political, health, and education privileges as other persons in the community regardless of their disabilities or disorders WHO, Patients are the one who are the receiver of healthcare WHO, Local Literature There are currently 1. Synthesis of Literature Review Drug abuse is known to be the main concern of public health globally. Research Framework Figure 1. Conceptual Model: Adopted from Input-Process-Output IPO model to evaluate the effectiveness of Community- Based Rehabilitation Program The figure above provides a preview of the data, process of transforming the data, and the expected outcome. Recruitment Process 1. Sample Survey Questionnaires: Standards on access, availability and admission criteria 1. Standards on assessment 1. Standards on treatment content, provision and organization 1. Standard on discharge, aftercare and referral 1. Data Processing Apart from the electronic gadgets, data will have a backup on Google Drive and a flash drive both of which will be held and protected by one of the data managers. When half a million drug users surrendered in the Philippines,. The World from PRX. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 39 4 , — Effective and humane ways to manage the drug problem in the Philippines, a human rights and public health perspective. Torture Journal, 27 1. Stress and Work with Substance Misusers: the development and cross-validation of a new instrument to measure staff stress. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 9 4 , — Philippines drug war: Do we know how many have died? BBC News. Hechanova, M. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 12, e Harm Reduction Journal, 9 1 , Medico-Legal Update, 20 4. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 24 3—4 , 75— The Diplomat. Poor Filipinos most vulnerable in Duterte's drug war: study. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 16 3 , — Assessing and responding to hazardous and risky alcohol and other drug use: The practice, knowledge and attitudes of staff working in mental health services. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 21 3 , — Theoretical Framework Document 7 pages. Curfew Research Final Document 30 pages. Chapter 1 To 3 Document 26 pages. Juvenile Delinquency in Tuguegarao City - 1 Document 23 pages. Local Media Document 44 pages. Edgar Document 38 pages. Pracres Thesis Document 14 pages. Chapter 1 Document 13 pages. Final Print Thesis Chapter Document 52 pages. Juvenile-Delinquency Research Document 36 pages. Research Manuscript Document 37 pages. Research Final Outcome Document 18 pages. Group 3 Research Document 14 pages. Thesis Group 2 Document 88 pages. Final Case Study Document 25 pages. Thesis Finalist Document 42 pages. Thesis Police Visibility Barra Document 28 pages. Research g7 BWC Document 38 pages. Curfew Ordinance Docc.. Bibliography Document 2 pages. Criminology Research Part 1 1 Document 21 pages. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation Document 11 pages. Chapter 1 Document 36 pages. GRP 3. RRL Document 2 pages. Research 02 1ed Document 76 pages. Front Page Thesis Document 46 pages. Hardboundlakim Estrada Chapters Edited Document 43 pages. GGTT Document 34 pages. Research Proposal Document Document 32 pages. Medication Error Document 37 pages. Mental Health 2 Document 20 pages. Abstck Document 11 pages. LaCount Et Al. CWU Psychiatry 1. D Document 7 pages. Unit 1-Embrace Stress Document 5 pages. Using Mental Imagery in Psychotherapy Document 8 pages. Bourgeois Document 14 pages. Impact Events Scale Revised Document 2 pages. Bok 3 3 Document pages. Mandala Consulting Document 6 pages. Journal Reading Trikotilomania - Anggi Document 23 pages. National Disability Inclusion Startegy Document 49 pages. Essay 1 Document 4 pages. Histrionic Document 13 pages.

The Politics of Drug Rehabilitation in the Philippines

How can I buy cocaine online in Iloilo City

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Please address correspondence to Gideon Lasco. Email: pdlasco up. The international consensus to end compulsory drug treatments and close forced rehabilitation facilities needs urgent transformation to country policies. We unpack the politics behind rehabilitation and explain the sociocultural foundations that support compulsory treatment. This paper analyzes the Philippines as a case study of how politics and populism have framed the understanding and implementation of drug rehabilitation, particularly in an unstable democracy with a long history of authoritarianism and oligarchic patrimonialism. Less critically examined, however, is how this period—during which drugs have been at the forefront of political and public discourse—has shaped compulsory drug interventions in the country. We explain this fixation on treating people who use drugs as either criminals or patients—in both cases deemed as without full autonomy to make informed and moral personal decisions—as a product of exploited populism in a predominantly Catholic country. Drawing from international human rights obligations in relation to drug policy, we conclude by identifying critical leverage points and structural factors that drug policy reformists in unstable democracies can maneuver toward a public health-centered framework that respects full patient autonomy and human dignity. Against the backdrop of extrajudicial killings apparently perpetrated pursuant to an official state policy of the Philippines, the drug rehabilitation landscape in the Philippines was changing in light of the threat to life and liberty of people who use drugs. In , a significant Number of admissions in rehabilitation facilities residential and outpatient during the Duterte administration. Nevertheless, the protocols in the mega rehab center reflect typical programs in drug treatment and rehabilitation centers nationwide. Guided by the Manual of Operations for Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers , which sets the minimum standards for this type of facility, the Department of Health accredits rehabilitation centers—both government and nongovernment owned or operated—based on their compliance with these prescribed uniform standards. Medical service provides comprehensive health care services ranging from routine physical examination and screening procedure for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of illnesses and other medical problems. Psychiatric service provides therapy to drug abusers with behavioural and psychiatric disorders through, among others, chemotherapy, individual and group psychotherapy, family therapy and occupational therapy conducted by a psychiatric team. A psychiatric team shall include a psychiatrist, psychologist and social worker. This may include an occupational therapist and para-professional worker. Spiritual and religious services include the development of moral and spiritual values of the drug dependent. It has been noted that the spiritual foundation of patients has been very weak that this could not provide support to them to enable them to cope with their problems and conflicts. Strengthening the spiritual foundation would involve, among others, reorientation of moral values, spiritual renewal, bible study and other charismatic sessions. It aims to bring them closer to God and better relate to their fellowmen. Various religious and civic organizations can be contacted to provide services. Spiritual counselling shall be helpful in aiding and resolution of individual and family problems. Referral service involves the process of identifying accurately the problems of the patient and sending him to the agency that can provide the appropriate services. Sports and recreation services provide facilities for sports and recreation to offer patients the opportunity to engage in constructive activities and to establish peer relationship as an alternative to drug abuse. The emphasis in all activities should be on developing the discipline necessary to improve skills and on gaining respect for good physical health. Aftercare and follow-up services provided to the patient after the primary rehabilitation program. Aftercare activities can be viewed as the first line of defence against relapse. This is for a period not exceeding eighteen 18 months and should be undertaken by the appropriate Center personnel. The manual further provides optional additional services, which may include placement service for work opportunities, volunteer service opportunities to assist the rehabilitation center, and educational opportunities. Presently, people who use drugs undergo drug treatment and rehabilitation programs and services following the guidelines set under Board Regulation No. Under this regulation, a verified application must be filed to the DDB to access a treatment and rehabilitation program. The application may be made by the person who uses drugs or by parents, spouses, guardians, or relatives within the fourth degree of consanguinity. The second and third modes are not unique to the Duterte administration, but a significant increase in arrests have been noted in the past six years, leading to congestion in jails. According to the most recent data from the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, there are now 80, persons deprived of liberty detained for violation of the national drug law. A country whose youths are mental and physical wrecks will be hopelessly doomed to ignominy unredeemable until, if that is possible, a new and strong breed will rise up from the ruins. These are the worst saboteurs and are worthy of the highest punishments. For they destroy the youth, the hope of the land. Notably, however, drug treatment and rehabilitation remains largely compulsory in the Philippines, with evidence-based initiatives in some communities seen as the exception to general forced treatments that often have little or no scientific basis. As reported by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and UNAIDS, the Philippines continues to detain people who use drugs in closed settings, often against their will, without sufficient human rights safeguards and forces them to undergo rehabilitation for an average duration of ten months. A number of episodes during the Duterte administration are illustrative. Our hearts reach out in love and compassion to our sons and daughters suffering from drug dependence and addiction. Drug addicts are children of God equal in dignity with the sober ones. Drug addicts are sick brethren in need of healing deserving of new life. They are patients begging for recovery. They may have behaved as scum and rubbish but the saving love of Jesus Christ is first and foremost for them. As criticism mounted, including from the political opposition, Duterte at one point appointed Vice President Leni Robredo—the highest-ranking member of the opposition—as chair of the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs. Although her tenure was short-lived—17 days—her report, which she published months after, is reflective of her view. Tellingly, when the leading candidate—Ferdinand Marcos Jr. That should be the focus so that he can be arrested and stopped. Instead of rumor-mongering, the candidate should be arrested and placed in rehab. The parallels in high incarceration rates in the United States and the Philippines and similar institutional configurations e. Because they do not specifically address the question of why a particular form of rehabilitation has gained uncritical popular and political acceptance, these explanations are at best partial and would require corroboration through cultural histories and contemporary ethnographic accounts of rehabilitation today. There is a dangerous tendency for reform advocates to condemn extrajudicial killings and due process rights violations as human rights concerns, while supporting rehabilitation as an acceptable alternative. As we have observed, the motivations behind gross human rights violations and forcing people to treatment are the same: the dehumanization of people who use drugs and the removal of their autonomy to decide on the treatment approaches that respond to their felt needs. Relatedly, drug testing has been transformed into a diagnostic and prosecutorial tool for treating people who use drugs. Despite the problematics of drug rehabilitation in the Philippines being strongly determined by political and popular approaches to drug issues, recent developments suggest that a changing paradigm is not beyond the range of possibilities. In the first place, the DDB has recognized the failures of closed settings in its approach to rehabilitation. The public admission that the mega rehab center was a mistake because it uproots people who use drugs from their families and the policy shift toward more community-based interventions are important concessions made as the country transitions to a more public health-based framework. Notably, the country has not closed down compulsory rehabilitation facilities and appears to be far from doing so. Policy officials, too, have learned important lessons from the drug war, leading them to revise the national guidelines on rehabilitation. Academic networks have been formed, and publications that problematize the drug war have allowed for dialogues nudging policy makers toward reform. Second, although, as mentioned above, presidential politics have largely embraced the killings-versus-rehabilitation binary, lawmakers have in fact filed harm reduction bills and similar initiatives. This is an important step to challenge the binary framework and to introduce a genuine option that promotes autonomy, human dignity, and health. Nevertheless, legislative change is necessary. We can no longer avoid and delay the conversation on decriminalization of drug use, as it is apparent that the courts—supposedly the champions of human dignity—have become agents for compulsory rehabilitation. In the Philippines, people are ordered to undergo rehabilitation or face imprisonment. People arrested for drug-related offenses bargain for a lesser penalty, which includes rehabilitation. Jails are now formally considered centers for rehabilitation, putting into question the capacity of these institutions to provide the standards necessary for genuine health programs. For example, the United Nations Joint Programme for Human Rights in the Philippines has become an important platform for introducing human rights-based approaches to drug control. Among other things, it calls for the improvement of prison conditions and development of community-based programs. If it is to make further progress in the country, however, the joint program must implement the international consensus on ending compulsory rehabilitation and invest in a transition toward voluntary services, following the consensus from the Third Regional Consultation on Compulsory Centres for Drug Users in Asia and the Pacific, and further accommodating the recommendations from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and UNAIDS on adopting voluntary community-based services as the framework for drug-related programs and interventions. Thus, international support must not be merely a transplantation of practices from abroad but a genuine privileging of the voices of the communities whose lives involve drugs. Crucial to this project is empowering local actors e. Finally, the long-standing support for forced rehabilitation ultimately rests on how people who use drugs are perceived by the public and leaders, both political and religious. Thus, any attempt to reform must involve careful thinking as to how public attitudes can be changed. Admittedly, this sociocultural foundation that supports compulsory rehabilitation is the hardest to break. However, cultural values such as the importance of family can be important themes in counter-narratives that can support family- and community-based approaches. Similarly, amplifying narratives from people who use drugs themselves can illuminate the lived realities of drug rehabilitation for the general public. More fundamentally, however, we need to deepen our understanding of the paradigms that inform the rigid binary to be able to transition to a framework that fully embraces human rights and public health. However, as we have shown in this paper, there is very little difference between jails and rehabilitation centers in terms of both philosophy and practice; in fact, jails are now centers for compulsory treatment. Those who seek to reform this untenable status quo need to capitalize on recent policy reforms, informed by a vibrant civil society and supported by the international community, to end the era of forced rehabilitation, with local actors and stakeholders empowered to take the lead. As the Philippines undertakes a change of leadership, advocates in the country and elsewhere must recognize the need to go beyond addressing killings and insist on a discussion about what kind of rehabilitation should exist—and for whom—and about how to genuinely expand our responses to drug-related issues in a way that goes beyond criminal and medical frameworks. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Health Hum Rights. Find articles by Gideon Lasco. Find articles by Lee Edson Yarcia. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. 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How can I buy cocaine online in Iloilo City