How can I buy cocaine online in Hungary

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How can I buy cocaine online in Hungary

Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The production, transport, storage and sale of goods that are fraudulently mislabeled or fraudulent imitations of registered brands. The illicit transport, handling and sale of excise consumer goods despite a ban or outside a legal market. Excludes oil and counterfeits. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Organized crime that results in a monetary loss via financial fraud, embezzlement, misuse of funds, tax evasion and abusive tax avoidance. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Victims of human trafficking are primarily subjected to sexual exploitation and forced labour. Foreign nationals who come to the country in pursuit of work are increasingly subjected to domestic labour trafficking in rural Hungary. Meanwhile, Hungarian nationals are trafficked for forced labour within the country and outside it in the UK, Belgium and the Netherlands. Hungarian women lured into sham marriages with third-country nationals in Europe are also reportedly subjected to forced prostitution, while men are subjected to labour trafficking in agriculture, construction and factories in Western Europe. Hungarian Roma women are often manipulated by perpetrators into sex trafficking, while child sex trafficking victims generally come from state-provided childcare institutions and correctional facilities. The criminal market is mainly run by transnational organized crime groups, criminals and repeating criminal offenders. The human smuggling market in Hungary is growing and has been exacerbated by the effects of the war in Ukraine. Most human smuggling in Hungary takes place along the Hungarian—Serbian border, which has become a point of tension amid the European migrant crisis. Hungary is a transit and source country for human smuggling, especially by land, and irregular border crossings are reportedly increasing at the Hungarian—Slovakian border. Irregular migrants, often from Syria, Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan, are known to regularly enter Hungary by sea, usually in fishing boats, in the Danube Delta region, through Turkey to Romania. Criminal gangs from Bulgaria are known to recruit Ukrainian and Georgian nationals to carry out such smuggling activities. In addition, Serbian, Turkish and Hungarian smugglers are also involved in this criminal market. Extortion and racketeering are not common practices in Hungary. However, small-scale extortion occurs in the private sector, but is prevented in the public sector, which is heavily controlled by the state. Private-sector extortion and racketeering are connected to local gangs and criminal groups, who usually work on their own and extort from local businesses, such as restaurants and bars. Racketeering is conducted in specific markets, such as construction and small-scale sales. Hungary has seen a decrease in the number of registered criminal offences involving firearms and ammunition. However, it remains a source country for illicit firearms destined for countries such as Romania. In addition, blank-firing weapons are acquired without a licence in Hungary to be trafficked to other European countries. Small weapons manufacturers have been accused of selling illegal firearms, mainly stockpiles of old military weapons after the fall of the Soviet Union. Criminals involved in other forms of trafficking and far-right groups are known to also be involved in arms trafficking in Hungary. The war in Ukraine is expected to have consequences on the arms trafficking market in Hungary in the coming years. The market for the trade of counterfeit goods in Hungary is not large. This is mostly due to the heavy regulation of the legal market. However, there is a considerable market for counterfeit products transited through the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe. The most common counterfeit goods in the country, which are also considered dangerous to public health, are perfumes, cosmetics, clothing, toys, car parts and pharmaceutical products. Hungary is predominantly a source country for the alcoholic drinks illegally produced and smuggled inside the EU. Hungary is also a transit and destination country for the cheaper tobacco products smuggled from the Western Balkans and Belarus. Recent cases have shown that increasing quantities of tobacco from domestic production are also being illegally traded in the local market. This trend can be seen in the patterns of offences already detected and is also reflected in the declining volume of legal sales recorded by registered domestic tobacco producers. There has been an increase in flora crimes in Hungary. Illegal logging in the country has been linked to loose organized crime networks. Since the war in Ukraine, illegal logging committed by local communities for firewood has also increased, due to high energy prices. Protected plants such as snowdrops and Carpathian saffron enter or transit the country predominantly by road for subsequent sale on the black market. Even though Hungary is considered a source, destination and transit country for fauna crime, the market is not extensive and poaching has shown a decreasing trend in recent years. However, smuggling of endangered species for medicinal and decorative use, bird and avian by-products, mammal and reptile by-products, and coral derivatives are still common forms of fauna crime in the country. Furthermore, Italian hunters, assisted by their Hungarian counterparts, are reported to shoot protected birds in great quantities, to smuggle them into Italy. The high level of corruption and the developed shadow economy facilitate the activities of crime groups involved in fauna crimes in Hungary. Some of them are also involved in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities in the country. The country has seen a recent spike in petrol prices due to raised fuel taxes, which resulted in an increase in petrol smuggling by illegal entrepreneurs. There are reports of a criminal group purchasing low-grade fuel oil in Poland and selling it at marked-up prices in Hungary, avoiding VAT, while using foreign companies as a front. Cases of gold laundering have also been reported. Hungary has traditionally been a transit country for heroin, originating in Afghanistan and trafficked via the Balkan route to Western Europe. However, the heroin market in Hungary is not consolidated. Turkish organized crime groups continue to be the main importers and facilitators of heroin distribution in the country, often utilizing a northern branch of the Balkan route from Bulgaria and Romania to Hungary, Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland or Germany for transportation. Cocaine is mainly transported by road from Spain or the Netherlands or is directly imported by air from South America. However, in tandem with the increase in general online shopping that occurred during the COVID pandemic, the illicit cocaine market is also flourishing online. Cannabis is the most used illicit substance among young adults aged between 18 and 34 in Hungary. Cannabis is increasingly trafficked into Hungary by Vietnamese organized crime groups based in the Czech Republic, the Western Balkans and the Netherlands. Moreover, substantial amounts of cannabis have also been intercepted entering Hungary through its shared border with Serbia. Though Hungary is primarily a destination country for cannabis, reports indicate that cannabis is cultivated on a small scale. In recent years, new psychoactive substances compete with established drugs and continue to be a source of concern. Furthermore, the use of synthetic drugs has spread among the youth in the poorest parts of the country, particularly since designer drugs like synthetic cannabinoid and cathinone are reportedly cheaper than alcohol. Cyber-dependent crime is a growing criminal market in Hungary. The frequency of data breaches has quadrupled in a few years, with malicious software infection and ransomware attacks being the most common forms of cybercrime. However, there is no indication that major criminal groups are involved in the market. Instead, it is mostly individual hackers or small hacker groups targeting private persons who are active in this criminal market. In Hungary, the financial crimes market is frequently connected to the embezzlement and misuse of funds, including both public and corporate funds. These acts primarily involve individuals and small groups, who are not part of the larger organized crime groups. Corruption based on personal connections between business owners and high-ranking public officials and politicians appears to facilitate the illegal financial crimes market. In recent years, allegations have been made of corrupt activities in governmental procurement contracts and tender processes. As Hungary is a transit country for various criminal markets, foreign criminal organizations operate in the country to varying degrees. For instance, Italian, Albanian and Georgian mafia-style groups are presently active in Hungary and engage in money laundering and cannabis trafficking. Criminal actors from the Turkish diaspora influence the heroin market, while both Slovakian and Bulgarian actors influence the human smuggling market. Domestic loose criminal networks are pervasive in almost all criminal markets present in Hungary, primarily in human trafficking and human smuggling, but also drug trafficking and petty theft. These networks are known to be involved in flora and fauna crimes as well, alongside opportunistic perpetrators. Through informal patron—client networks, members of the Hungarian economic elite influences not only major political institutions, but also controls lower-level institutions, such as local government and civil society groups. Corruption is an ongoing problem and new legislation limiting the definition of public funds could result in further challenges, as many of the companies in Hungary with close government links are supported by public funds. Furthermore, high-level politicians are connected to the oligarchs and use this connection to obtain control over certain markets, like the media. Connections between the government and private-sector actors are traditionally strong, and the government has a stronghold over private businesses. This is reflected in the preferential treatment some businesses receive from the government and the flouting of taxation and customs duty regulations. There is no evidence to suggest domestic mafia-style groups exist in Hungary. The state of governance and political leadership in Hungary is generally associated with the growth of illiberal populism. Political leaders use migration as a key campaign issue, drawing parallels between migration, crime and human smuggling in ways that critics claim stoke xenophobia and racism. In addition, independent journalists, lawyers, politicians and businesspeople in Hungary have allegedly been targeted by secret surveillance in recent years using spyware. Corruption in the political system is rampant, with several political leaders being accused of corrupt practices. The recently re-elected Prime Minister and his political party have been considered responsible of putting in place various measures that have decreased transparency and accountability. The public procurement sector is also prone to a high risk of corruption and manipulation, with companies indicating that irregular payments and bribes were commonplace in the awarding of government contracts and licences. In addition, government prosecution services have ignored or refused to investigate cases of state corruption. Hungary has ratified all relevant international treaties and conventions on organized crime and cooperates in joint investigations with Dutch, Belgian, Swiss and British authorities, and has worked with non-EU countries in training and capacity building. In , Hungary took part in the largest international law enforcement operation to date working to prevent the use of encrypted information in organized crime networks, which resulted in the confiscation of drugs, cash and cryptocurrency in Hungary. The country has various laws and policies in place to address organized crime, including drug trafficking and flora and fauna crimes, among others. Sex and labour trafficking is criminalized under law, but its legal definition is inconsistent with international law. Recent reforms have been made in the criminal code to combat human trafficking and money laundering more effectively. However, the implementation of both national and international legislation on organized crime matters is still lacking. The Hungarian judicial system is at a moderate risk for corruption, as bribes and irregular payments in return for favourable judgments sometimes occur. The current government has significantly weakened the judiciary and the Constitutional Court, and the politically influenced appointment of new Constitutional Court judges has raised concerns. Trust among the commercial sector in the independence of the judiciary has sharply declined. Furthermore, rulings not in line with party interests are harshly criticized by pro-government media and government officials. As for the penitentiary system, there are no reports suggesting overcrowding, subpar conditions and ill-treatment. Hungarian law enforcement has a special unit dedicated to combatting organized crime and an asset recovery office that is tasked to detect and freeze assets originating from criminal acts or assets in the possession of organized crime groups, as well as supporting investigations of financial crime-related cases. However, efforts need to be intensified in order for law enforcement officials to more effectively confront with the challenges posed by organized crime. Hungary is moderately equipped to withstand cyber-attacks. The Special Service for National Security manages cyber-security incidents and is the home of the computer security incident response team. In case of a cyber-security incident, this service has broad controlling rights, while other parties must cooperate with them. Hungary is a member of the Financial Action Task Force and has implemented various international standards and legislation to keep money-laundering and terrorist financing under control. The assistance provided by the Hungarian Financial Intelligence Unit significantly bolsters efforts to detect and disrupt money laundering threats and deprive criminals of these proceeds. Despite these efforts, Hungary is at medium risk of money laundering and terrorist financing, as law enforcement and other authorities have failed to use financial intelligence appropriately to investigate cases of money laundering. Hungary has a sizable informal economy and lacks transparency and predictability to encourage financial investments. Multinational corporations have complained of excessive red tape as well as preferential treatment and favouritism for Hungarian and government-linked firms. The government has tried to keep secret the contracts and finances of some state-owned companies, stating that the release of information would constitute a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace. Corruption in Hungary presents a significant risk to businesses, particularly in the tax administration and public procurement sectors. Companies report that unofficial payments are sometimes necessary to resolve certain administrative tasks, and public procurement is vulnerable to irregularities at the local level, because of strong informal relationships between businesses and political actors. Victim assistance services in Hungary, especially for trafficking victims remain scarce, uncoordinated and inadequate, exposing victims to the risk of re-victimization. A national crisis telephone service OKIT — a hour hotline for assisting victims of domestic violence, prostitution, child abuse and human trafficking — is operational, although the telephone line only offers services in Hungarian and English. The government has various acts and regulations in place that provide shelters as a victim support service. The government is committed to open three new shelters each year to build a nationwide network that includes trained staff, victim registration, a victim support hotline, as well as witness counselling, monetary aid and certificates indicating victim status. Furthermore, new provisions on the protection of witnesses and victims were introduced that lay out the criteria for special treatment and the protection of witnesses and victims. However, the lack of a transparent framework and resources devoted to regulating foreign-national labour recruitment have a negative influence on the effectiveness of the assistance provided for male victims of labour trafficking. A recovery-oriented approach is adopted when providing assistance to drug users, with an emphasis on enhancing the availability and quality of treatment services, with a particular focus on young people. Treatment is carried out by the healthcare system and social services with the participation of non-governmental institutions. However, multiple awareness and preventive measures are in place, along with thorough customs inspections to address organized crime relating to flora and fauna. Although government-sponsored efforts exist, including law enforcement-implemented awareness campaigns geared towards children, funding of the related national action plan has been reduced. The Hungarian government adopted a series of laws that hamper the operations of opposition groups, journalists, universities and NGOs critical of the government. Nonetheless, NGOs supported by the state assist human trafficking victims, running a hour hotline in English and Hungarian. As for the media landscape in the country, a significant cause for concern is that the media is increasingly concentrated in the hands of oligarchs allied with the government. Recently, a law was introduced that conflates homosexuality and gender-identity expression with paedophilia, while also banning discussion of sexual diversity in schools, the media and elsewhere. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Budapest. Income group High income. Population 9,, Geography type Landlocked. GINI Index Criminal markets 4. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 6. Human smuggling 6. Extortion and protection racketeering 2. Arms trafficking 4. Trade in counterfeit goods 4. Illicit trade in excisable goods 4. Flora crimes 4. Fauna crimes 4. Non-renewable resource crimes 3. Heroin trade 5. Cocaine trade 5. Cannabis trade 5. Synthetic drug trade 6. Cyber-dependent crimes 5. Financial crimes 5. Criminal actors 4. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 1. Criminal networks 4. State-embedded actors 7. Foreign actors 5. Private sector actors 5. Political leadership and governance 4. Government transparency and accountability 3. International cooperation 4. National policies and laws 5. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 5. Law enforcement 5. Territorial integrity 6. Anti-money laundering 5. Economic regulatory capacity 4. Victim and witness support 4. Prevention 6. Non-state actors 4. Analysis Download full profile english. Trade Hungary has seen a decrease in the number of registered criminal offences involving firearms and ammunition. Environment There has been an increase in flora crimes in Hungary. Drugs Hungary has traditionally been a transit country for heroin, originating in Afghanistan and trafficked via the Balkan route to Western Europe. Cyber Crimes Cyber-dependent crime is a growing criminal market in Hungary. Financial Crimes In Hungary, the financial crimes market is frequently connected to the embezzlement and misuse of funds, including both public and corporate funds. Criminal Actors As Hungary is a transit country for various criminal markets, foreign criminal organizations operate in the country to varying degrees. Leadership and governance The state of governance and political leadership in Hungary is generally associated with the growth of illiberal populism. Criminal justice and security The Hungarian judicial system is at a moderate risk for corruption, as bribes and irregular payments in return for favourable judgments sometimes occur. Economic and financial environment Hungary is a member of the Financial Action Task Force and has implemented various international standards and legislation to keep money-laundering and terrorist financing under control. Civil society and social protection Victim assistance services in Hungary, especially for trafficking victims remain scarce, uncoordinated and inadequate, exposing victims to the risk of re-victimization. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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How can I buy cocaine online in Hungary

These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Much of our knowledge about cocaine trafficking routes results from law enforcement activity and intelligence. Information on types and quantities of drugs seized and information on the origin and destination of shipments give indications of the main routes and modes of transport. However, such information is affected by factors such as law enforcement strategies, resources and priorities, as well as temporary changes to routes and practices in response to interdiction efforts or new opportunities. Hence, caution is needed in interpreting these data. The 1 tonnes of cocaine seized worldwide in was the highest ever to be reported. As in previous years, the vast majority of the global total was seized in the Americas, followed by western and central Europe. Although small in comparison with the Americas and Europe, quantities seized in emerging cocaine markets in Africa and Asia also reached record highs in UNODC, a see Figure Global quantity of cocaine seized. The source data for this graphic is available in the source table on this page. Record levels of cocaine production have been matched by record quantities seized, especially from containers handled in the numerous ports along the transatlantic cocaine routes. Most of the cocaine seized in the EU is transported by sea, primarily in maritime shipping containers. Cocaine is shipped to the EU directly from the countries of production but also from neighbouring countries of departure in South and Central America as well as the Caribbean. Based on quantities of cocaine seized in European ports and in ports elsewhere destined for Europe see Box Detailed analysis of cocaine seized in or destined for EU , Brazil about 71 tonnes , Ecuador The latter is a relative newcomer in the top countries of origin for shipments destined for Europe, confirming that Central America now has a more significant role EMCDDA and Europol, This is likely to reflect a diversification of trafficking routes within the Americas. In total, 25 countries in the Americas reported seizures of cocaine with Europe as the intended destination in In addition to the countries previously listed, also mentioned are Paraguay There have traditionally been two main areas through which maritime and air shipments of cocaine transit en route to Europe: the Caribbean, and the West African mainland and neighbouring islands of Cape Verde, Madeira and the Canaries. While these are likely to remain significant transit areas, there are indications that North Africa continues to grow in importance and that transhipment through the Western Balkans, while remaining more limited in scope, may also have increased. From the Caribbean, cocaine is typically shipped on pleasure craft via the Azores, or by air, either on direct flights or via a variety of transit points. The quantities of cocaine seized in the West African mainland and neighbouring islands, together with those seized in Europe coming from the region appear to be small in comparison to the amounts seized at departure points in the Americas. Data reported at the international level indicate that cocaine seizures in West Africa totalled This includes a finding that more than 16 tonnes of cocaine was seized in the region that year, reversing the dearth of seizures recorded since Bird, Large seizures were also reported in This includes a shipment of 2. According to media reporting, Gambian drug authorities were searching for the owner of the consignment, a French national, in connection with the incident News24, ; Reuters, Although considerably less cocaine was seized in North Africa 1. However, developments in the last four or five years suggest that the region, particularly its coasts on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, is a growing transit and storage hub for cocaine both arriving by sea directly from South America and coming via West Africa by land for onward transport to Europe or elsewhere, for instance the Middle East EMCDDA and Europol, ; GI TOC, The main cocaine hub of North Africa is probably Morocco. The country has traditionally seized the largest quantities of cocaine in the region, which continued in with seizures totalling 1. There are indications that the Moroccan total could be even higher. For instance, in October , more than 1. The drugs were concealed in a container on a ship that had departed from Brazil and was bound for Antwerp, Belgium, and Portbury, a middle-sized port in Bristol, United Kingdom Kundu, On a much smaller scale than Morocco, international cocaine trafficking activities in Algeria and Libya reported in the last edition of this report EMCDDA and Europol, ; Micaleff, appear to have continued in the recent period. In , Algeria reported seizing about kilograms UNODC, a , while there are indications that Libyan seizures amounted to over 44 kilograms. In December , there were two significant seizures from containers bound for Libya: one in Ecuador on a container bound for Libya and Syria kilograms , and another in Malta from a container originating in Ecuador kilograms Dixon, This area is a known hub for the transhipment of drugs at sea, particularly cannabis resin from Morocco, on ships bound for Europe or Libya, while significant quantities of cocaine have been seized in the port of Oran recently Ben Yahia and Farrah, For instance, non-routine data reported by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex on drug seizures at a number of border posts between the EU and the Western Balkans in and indicate that comparatively small amounts of cocaine enter the EU from that region. Meanwhile, Frontex data confirm the large quantities of cocaine seized in Spain, a traditional entry point for cocaine into the EU Frontex, Nevertheless, individual seizures in and could suggest that cocaine trafficking through ports in the Western Balkan region, particularly in Albania and Montenegro, may have increased. For example, kilograms was seized in the port of Durres, Albania in April Exit. Montenegrin authorities also suspect that more than 3 tonnes were smuggled through the port of Bar in the second half of Kajosevic, Furthermore, Kosovo seized a shipment of kilograms of cocaine in May after it had been smuggled through the Albanian port of Durres Halili, For the fourth consecutive year, record amounts of cocaine were seized in Europe in At Meanwhile, new records were also established elsewhere in , including Greece 1. This indicates that entry points of cocaine shipments are diversifying and that cocaine consumer markets are developing in eastern Europe including Turkey see Cocaine retail markets: multiple indicators suggest continued growth and diversification. Source: The source data for this graphic is available in the source table on this page. Data available for a few key countries indicate that even larger quantities of cocaine were seized in the EU in For instance, data on cocaine seizures in Belgium indicate that almost 92 tonnes of cocaine was seized in , almost all in the port of Antwerp. If seizures made elsewhere of shipments that were destined for Antwerp are taken into account, then close to tonnes of cocaine was seized in connection with Antwerp in Belgian Federal Police, personal communication. The preliminary data available from a few countries indicates that more than tonnes of cocaine were seized in the EU in , exceeding the previous record European total Cocaine traffickers flexibly use a wide range of innovative trafficking methods, which evolve over time in response to enforcement efforts and other factors. Although cocaine also enters the EU by air, the main route used to smuggle the drug into Europe is still the maritime route from South America to western Europe, especially taking advantage of the licit containerised trade. Maritime transport allows the smuggling of large quantities, and the nature of international commercial maritime traffic means that a vast number of routes can be and are used. In addition, smaller, private sailing boats or even semi-submersible vessels are capable of bringing in large quantities of cocaine in single shipments, entering Europe at many points see Box First two semi-submersible drug-smuggling vessels captured in Europe. Criminal networks involved in cocaine trafficking now also more frequently employ methods of transport such as mother ships, pleasure craft, fishing vessels, cruise ships and the drop-off method. Major European container ports have recorded many seizures of large cocaine shipments in recent years. In addition to targeting major ports, organised criminal networks are now increasingly shipping larger amounts of cocaine from South America to smaller ports in the EU or neighbouring countries, where security measures may be easier to circumvent. Corruption of maritime and aviation port employees and security officials throughout Europe is, in most cases, a key condition for the successful use of these facilities for cocaine importation by criminal networks. Most of the cocaine available in Europe continues to be smuggled into the largest container ports of the EU located in Belgium Antwerp , the Netherlands Rotterdam and Spain Valencia and Algeciras. The German authorities have attributed the recent increase in seizures in the port of Hamburg to the activities of Balkan and Albanian-speaking organised crime networks BKA, The use of these ports shows how criminal networks continue to exploit established commercial maritime routes between Latin America and Europe to smuggle cocaine into the EU. Taking advantage of the large volume of containerised trade in goods between the two regions, criminal networks are able to conceal large quantities of cocaine in individual shipments. As a result, the main European container ports have recorded increasing numbers of large-volume cocaine seizures in recent years. While these main container ports continue to be targeted, it is likely that law enforcement activities at these facilities have pushed some criminal networks to find alternative smuggling routes, resulting in a recent intensification of cocaine shipments to smaller ports in the EU or in neighbouring countries where security measures may be viewed as easier to evade. The available data suggest that cocaine trafficking towards the EU continued during the COVID pandemic without any apparent disruption. At least tonnes of cocaine destined for Europe was seized in Some tonnes was seized at departure ports located in Latin America, and approximately tonnes was seized at EU ports. As in previous years, the largest quantity of cocaine in the EU was seized in Belgian ports 69 tonnes , followed by Dutch 45 tonnes and Spanish ports 26 tonnes. In Latin America, the largest amount was seized at ports in Brazil 45 tonnes , Ecuador 24 tonnes and Colombia 18 tonnes see Figure Top 10 countries for quantity of cocaine destined for Europe seized at ports in A total of 60 tonnes of cocaine was seized in such secondary EU ports in see Figure Top 10 EU seizing ports for quantity of cocaine. For a description of different concealment methods, see Figure Maritime trafficking: diversification of modus operandi. The available data indicates that in Latin America, the largest quantities of cocaine destined for Europe were seized in Guayaquil, Ecuador 23 tonnes , and Santos, Brazil 21 tonnes. If all seizures departing from these ports are taken into consideration, totalling about 61 tonnes shipped from Guayaquil and 31 tonnes from Santos, it becomes clear that these two ports are used intensively by cocaine trafficking criminal networks. Analysis of concealment methods emphasises some key features that enable large quantities of cocaine to be smuggled to the EU. Criminal networks are creative and appear to be able to rapidly adapt to avoid detection, which explains why a range of modi operandi are implemented. The data indicate that the port of Antwerp is probably the main entry point for cocaine smuggled into the EU. Europol intelligence suggests that most of the cocaine entering Antwerp is destined initially for the Netherlands, where further distribution is arranged. Focusing exclusively on cocaine seized outside Europe and destined for Belgian ports in the period, a variety of modi operandi can be observed in the 10 main shipping ports see Figure Top 10 source ports for quantity of cocaine destined for Belgian ports. The reasons for this are unclear and require additional research and closer monitoring. That said, Ecuador, which shares land borders with both Colombia and Peru, two of the main cocaine-producing countries, seems to have transformed in the last decade or so from a transit country into a major trafficking hub. Furthermore, it is now also reportedly emerging as a cocaine-producing country Pichel, Such transformation is thought to have fuelled recent violence between local gangs rumoured to be used by important cocaine trafficking networks from Colombia and Mexico. A recent surge in assassinations, which nearly doubled between and , including violent prison gang riots in which hundreds of inmates died in , are reportedly linked with cocaine trafficking in the country, particularly in the port of Guayaquil. Only the top 5 ports with data available for all years are shown. Operations supported by Europol have exposed the role played by corruption in the functioning of drug markets in Europe, a factor that may have been underestimated in the past. Corruption is a crime enabler for all types of criminal activities and is a significant facilitator of drug trafficking activities. In this regard, corruption is used by traffickers to gain entry to ports, to access drugs hidden in containers, to set up or ensure control over businesses used as covers for smuggling activities, such as renting transport vehicles or storage premises, and also to facilitate money laundering, among others. Indeed, various modi operandi used to smuggle cocaine through EU ports require corruption, and recent investigations in some EU ports have provided valuable insights on the methods used by criminal networks to retrieve cocaine shipments from containers in the EU. Of course, the threat of corruption is not restricted to EU ports, since it is also used in most other ports targeted by criminal groups globally. Subsequently, criminal actors will need to introduce the drugs into the container and replace the seal that has been broken during this process with a counterfeited one. Usually, this operation takes place after customs have cleared the container. In the destination port, the criminal network will, again, need inside help and information as they usually require the targeted container to be placed in a specific location in order to facilitate access to it, for instance on the ground and with unimpeded access to the doors. Additionally, they must receive confirmation that the container has been placed in the desired location and, depending on the type of rip-off method used, extract the cocaine from the container and transport it outside the port area. Other modi operandi may also require corruption as a facilitator. Concealing cocaine within shipments of legitimate goods can also use corruption, for instance in order to be informed and take necessary action if the container has been selected for physical inspection, or to receive customs clearance without such inspection. According to a law enforcement official from Seaport Police, a unit of the Dutch Police, interviewed in the press in , acts of corruption involving staff from shipping companies were identified in the port of Rotterdam in the previous two and a half years Driessen and Meeus, An investigation that led to the seizure of An ex-governor, a harbour master, three police officers and a lawyer were among the 22 suspects arrested during this operation Eeckhaut, Workers in other large EU ports such as Le Havre, France, or Alicante, Spain, have been targeted by criminal networks and engaged to facilitate cocaine importation. Recruitment into corrupt activities is usually carried out by offering large sums of cash or other valuable assets and services, but can also be achieved using violence and intimidation Gil, Kidnappings and murders of port workers have been reported in various EU ports in recent years Auvray, ; Europol, e. Cocaine smuggling by air primarily involves the use of commercial passenger flights, cargo aircraft and general aviation private aircraft. Fairly large shipments of cocaine are smuggled directly from South America and the Caribbean to western Europe by private business aircraft, and use of this method is expected to increase in the future. Stricter border controls and more effective security checks may encourage criminal networks to use secondary international airports and small airfields see Box Private jets: the Achilles heel in the fight against cocaine trafficking by air. With some travel restrictions remaining in place and significantly reduced air passenger traffic, it is likely that the use of air couriers will remain limited compared to the pre-COVID period. In the pre-pandemic period, smaller quantities of cocaine were smuggled using commercial flights. Couriers flew from airports in South and Central America and the Caribbean to major European airports, either directly or after stopovers in countries such as Morocco, Nigeria and the United Arab Emirates. After arrival at the main EU distribution hubs, cocaine shipments are primarily trafficked by road in passenger vehicles and lorries to local markets. Intra-EU trafficking of cocaine also involves commercial flights, light aircraft and helicopters, railway, sea transport, and post and parcel services. Cocaine loads are often hidden in sophisticated concealed compartments in cars, trucks and other vehicles, sometimes with shipments of other drugs. These compartments are also used to transport cash back to the distribution hubs. In addition, Europol intelligence indicates that some European criminal networks orchestrate cocaine shipments directly from South America to Asia without the drugs ever entering the EU. In , cocaine was the most frequently seized substance from air couriers intercepted at European airports and the third most frequently detected drug at European mail centres, after cannabis and other psychotropic substances Council of Europe, The COVID pandemic accelerated an expansion in the use of post and parcel services to fulfil orders placed online. Postal and parcel services are exploited for the distribution of drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, synthetic drugs Council of Europe, , new psychoactive substances, counterfeit currency, stolen and fraudulent documents, and many other illicit commodities. The distribution of illicit goods using post and parcel services is set to increase further in line with the expected growth of online retail activity. Consult the list of references used in this resource. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. On this page. Europe and the global cocaine trade. PDF is being prepared. This make take up to a minute. Once the PDF is ready it will appear in this tab. Sorry, the download of the PDF failed. Last update: 6 May

How can I buy cocaine online in Hungary