How To Write References in Thesis in APA Style
Lesley Gill
In APA (American Psychological Association) style, references are an essential part of a thesis or any other academic document. Here's a guide on how to format references in APA style for a thesis:
Basic Format:
Author(s): List the last name followed by the author's initials, separating each author with a comma and an ampersand (&) before the last author's name.
Year of Publication: Enclose the year of publication in parentheses, followed by a period.
Title of the Work: Italicize the title and only capitalize the first word of the title and any subtitles. End the title with a period.
Source (Publication) Title: Italicize the title of the journal, book, or other source. Capitalize all major words. End with a period.
Volume and Issue Numbers (if applicable): Italicize the volume number (if applicable) and do not use the word "volume" before it. Italicize the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume, but do not italicize it.
Page Range: Provide the page range of the work, followed by a period.
Examples:
Journal Article:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Range.
Example:
Smith, J. A., Johnson, M. B., & Davis, R. C. (2018). The impact of climate change on biodiversity. Environmental Science, 25(4), 123-145.
Book:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the Book. Publisher.
Example:
Johnson, K. L. (2006). Research Methods in Education. Pearson.
Webpage:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the page. Website Name. URL
Example:
Miller, P. R. (2020). Writing a thesis in APA style. APA Style Blog. https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/thesis/
Note:
- For multiple works by the same author(s), list them in chronological order with the earliest first.
- If there is no publication date, use "n.d." (no date) in place of the year.
- For electronic sources, provide the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if available. If a DOI is not available, provide the URL.
Always refer to the official APA Publication Manual or the APA Style website for the most up-to-date and specific guidance.
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Check our previous article: How To Write References in Thesis APA Format