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How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a condition only of children, but it can affect adults as well. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can make a difference in a person's life.
Interviewing the individual and their family members may be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The doctor may also look over the school records of the past to determine if the symptoms started as when a child.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time-to-time however, for those who has ADHD this can cause problems with school, work and home life. The person must display significant symptoms in two of these areas, and that they significantly affect the daily functioning of the person to be deemed to have ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for a minimum of six months.
A doctor will inquire of the patient about their symptoms, as well as about any medical concerns and family history. They can also use rating systems to gauge symptoms in adults and children. These questionnaires are based off of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These questionnaires ask about the symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults may be asked to talk with their spouse or someone they know well. This is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty but to gain more insight about their behavior that can't be gained from a questionnaire. They might inquire about childhood behaviors and use old school records to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will perform an examination and tests on the lab to rule out other health conditions, such as thyroid issues or head injuries that may cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the patient's medication list. Doctors will consider the interaction between stimulants and medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other issues. It is crucial that adults speak to their primary healthcare providers in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must occur in at least two or more environments (like home, school and work) and have a significant impact on functioning. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and can't be caused by a different disorder such as anxiety or depression.
A psychiatrist or a mental health professional will use a variety of tools during an evaluation that include ADHD symptoms checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a detailed history. They may also interview family members or friends to determine how the symptoms affect them. They'll inquire if the symptoms are similar to the symptoms of other mental health conditions or physical ailments.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are serious or mild. They will also examine the patient's medical and family background to determine if there is any underlying causes for their issue like thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some instances, an evaluator may want to perform cognitive testing or request an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, such as learning disabilities, mood disorders, personality disorders or substance abuse. People suffering from these disorders typically present differently than those who do not have them. Boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls show inattentive ones.
Some people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical study to test new treatments. While this is a fantastic method to aid in further research, it is crucial for participants to understand that the purpose behind these studies is to acquire knowledge in the field of science and cannot necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more details about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you might have ADHD, find a professional who is trained to recognize the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider whether ADHD specialists are covered. You may also ask your family doctor or other healthcare professionals for recommendations. Word-of-mouth recommendations are an alternative.
A doctor will interview the patient -or their parents, in children's cases -- about symptoms. They may use standard questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, and ask for details from other people in the person's life, including spouses and family members. Personal insights can reveal more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
An expert will also want to examine any records that the person may have, including old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually based on the history of the individual. To be considered diagnosed, symptoms must have existed since childhood (technically, before the age 12).
A physical exam is also typically performed. It's also a way to check for any other medical issues that could be causing symptoms, such seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological exam is usually conducted by the expert to test the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests, which are designed to assess the ability and intelligence of a person, could be utilized as well. The test subject may be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This can help an expert determine if someone is hyperactive or inattentional. The expert will decide on a treatment plan and make an appropriate diagnosis. The typical treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping strategies and help change negative thinking patterns. This therapy can be done by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who is specialized in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD get better by taking medication. However, this is not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of the two can be beneficial to adolescents, children as well as adults. These therapies help them cope and live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and ways to manage it, could be included. They can involve family members, teachers and other professionals.
It is essential to locate a mental health professional or health care provider who has experience in treating ADHD. You can ask others with ADHD for suggestions or refer to a mental health provider you know. You can also do an internet search. It is important to find a doctor who is familiar with your insurance.
To diagnose ADHD or other disorders, your health professional will inquire about your your child's symptoms as well as the problems caused by the condition. how to diagnosis adhd I Am Psychiatry will do an examination of the body and look for any other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will review your or your child's medical history and family history, school records, and other reports.
The process of diagnosing ADHD in adults can be trickier because the Symptom Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily designed to diagnose children. Your doctor may interview you or your children about the symptoms and request that other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They work by increasing and balancing levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD have comorbid disorders such as depression or anxiety. For this reason, treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can also assist patients in managing their symptoms by making lifestyle changes. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial too. People who suffer from ADHD tend eat more sugar and fat, and less fruit and vegetables. Making social and family relationships a top priority can help decrease anxiety and make people feel more in control of their lives.
Another major benefit of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it provides adults and children a better understanding of their challenges. For instance, a child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating his or her needs to peers and teachers however, when a teacher realizes that it's not due to personal issues or to a lack of motivation accommodations can be provided.
A professional doing an ADHD evaluation will ask questions geared toward the person's age, interview teachers and family members as well as review medical records and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. For adults, records from school could help determine if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
A physical exam is often included, and the doctor will likely test for vision and hearing problems. The doctor could also conduct a blood test in order to test for certain hormones, as well as other health issues that could cause ADHD-like signs and symptoms.