How Effective Is The Pull Out Method

How Effective Is The Pull Out Method
Medically Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD on July 24, 2020
The pull-out method is a form of birth control in which a man takes their penis out of a woman's vagina before they ejaculate so fewer sperm get inside. It’s also known as coitus interruptus or the withdrawal method.
It isn’t as easy as it sounds. The man needs a lot of control to time it right. It doesn't work if they can't feel when they are close to orgasm or if they're so caught up in the moment that they don't pull out in time.
The best ways to use the pull-out method
Here are some tips to make it work better:
Pulling out isn’t a very reliable way to prevent pregnancy. It works about 78% of the time, which means that over a year of using this method, 22 out of 100 women -- about 1 in 5 -- would get pregnant . By comparison, male condoms are 98% effective when used correctly every time.
Can you get pregnant if your partner pulls out?
Yes, you can. But the pull-out method may work better than doing nothing.
Does the pull-out method prevent STDs?
No, it doesn’t. You can still get a sexually transmitted disease (STD) such as HIV , chlamydia, gonorrhea , herpes, or syphilis while using this method.
Couples may choose this method if they wouldn’t mind a surprise pregnancy or because:
Not only is it not very effective, withdrawal isn’t a good method of birth control because:
If you’re worried that you or your partner could be pregnant, talk to your doctor about emergency contraception.
Bedsider: "5 myths about pulling out, busted."
Feminist Women's Health Center: "Withdrawal ('Pulling Out')."
Planned Parenthood: "Withdrawal (Pull-Out Method)."
Trussell, J. Contraception, May 2011.
Center for Young Women’s Health: “Contraception: Pros and Cons of Different Contraceptive Methods.”
Journal of the British Fertility Society : “Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid.”
Mayo Clinic: “Withdrawal method (coitus interruptus).”
Contraception : “Better than nothing or savvy risk-reduction practice? The importance of withdrawal.”
CDC: “Contraceptive Guidance for Health Care Providers: Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal).”
What you should know to prevent pregnancy.
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WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Has a failure rate of about 20%.

Doesn’t protect against STDs.

Is best used with another method of birth control.

May not increase sexual satisfaction.

Relies on man’s ability to pull out.

Can be a source of anxiety.

In 100 women, the pull out method resulted in 22% of unintended pregnancies compared to only 9% with the pill Source: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/unintendedpregnancy/pdf/contraceptive_methods_508.pdf

Free.

Straightforward.

Long history of use.

Better than no contraception at all.

Higher pregnancy risk.

Requires greater self-control.

Doesn’t protect against sexually transmitted infections.

Generally doesn’t improve sexual pleasure.

Can be a source of anxiety.

Do you think an ovulation calculator is effective at preventing pregnancy?

Choose your answer to reveal what studies have found
When used correctly, an ovulation calculator can reduce the chance of conceiving over the course of one year
References:

Posted under Health Guides. Updated 7 February 2020. +Related Content. “Contraception: Success and Failure Rates of Contraceptives.” Center for Young Women’s Health , 7 Feb. 2020, youngwomenshealth.org/2009/11/03/success-and-failure-rates-of-contraceptives/.
Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics &. “Use of Withdrawal and Unintended Pregnancy Among Females… : Obstetrics & Gynecology.” LWW , Sept. 2013, journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2013/09000/Use_of_Withdrawal_and_Unintended_Pregnancy_Among.16.aspx.
Killick, Stephen R, et al. “Sperm Content of Pre-Ejaculatory Fluid.” Human Fertility (Cambridge, England) , U.S. National Library of Medicine, Mar. 2011, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3564677/?_escaped_fragment_=po.
Tadayon, Mitra, et al. “The Relationship of Male Condoms and Withdrawal Contraceptive Methods with Female Sexual Function and Satisfaction: a Cross Sectional Study.” International Journal of Reproduction, Conception, Obstetrics and Gynecology , 1 July 2016, ma-rc.ajums.ac.ir/_ma-rc/documents/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/94/The%20relationship%20of%20male%20condoms%20and%20withdrawal%20contraceptive.pdf.
Nguyen, Nghia, et al. “Correlates of Use of Withdrawal for Contraception among Women in Vietnam.” BMC Women’s Health , BioMed Central, 29 Apr. 2020, bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-020-00957-z.
Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina, et al. “Emergency Contraception.” Taylor & Francis , 25 Feb. 2013, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09513590.2013.774591.
“Levonorgestrel: MedlinePlus Drug Information.” MedlinePlus , U.S. National Library of Medicine, medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a610021.html.

August 17, 2021 by Eve Leave a Comment
More technically known as the withdrawal method or coitus interruptus , the pull out method is a form of birth control. You don’t have to buy anything, and there aren’t any pills. It does require some self-control and, perhaps more importantly, trust.
In short, during intercourse, the man removes his penis from the vagina before ejaculation. The majority of sperm are transported with ejaculation, so in theory, withdrawing should lower the chances of pregnancy. In practice, it’s difficult and has a number of downsides, not least a vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections.
This technique is one of the most straightforward birth control methods. Before the moment of his climax, the man removes his penis and ejaculates outside the vagina.
Withdrawal is considered a natural or traditional form of birth control. It’s also a non-hormonal form of birth control , which is practiced all over the world.
The pull out method is often used when another form of contraception isn’t available, or there is some cultural objection to birth control methods.
Withdrawal is as simple and basic as it comes, and best of all, it’s free. Unfortunately, it’s not super effective to prevent pregnancy.
When medical professionals talk about the effectiveness of different forms of contraception, they may speak about ideal use and typical use. Ideal use means the way it theoretically should be done, without any mistakes.
Typical use is the real-world use, often less than ideal. This is particularly relevant to the pull out method, relying as it does on one partner’s ability to pull out at the right moment [1] .
If you were to use the pull out method perfectly as your primary method of birth control, it would fail to prevent pregnancy 4% of the time [2] . On the other hand, in a one-year term, typical use of the pull out method will result in pregnancy 20% of the time. Compare that to the effectiveness of condoms, which can be as much as 90% effective.
The wide difference between ideal and practical use indicates the difficulty of using the withdrawal method. Additionally, the sperm content of pre-ejaculate means that even when performed perfectly, pregnancy is still possible [3] .
When having sex without any form of contraception, an unplanned pregnancy will result about 85% of the time. The 20% failure rate of the pull out method isn’t so bad by comparison. However, that still may be gambling with higher stakes than most people are comfortable with.
A big portion of the failure rate is due to contraceptive failure when the man was unsuccessful in pulling out at the right moment. If the man has a harder time with that aspect, the chances might increase by a lot.
Despite being used so often, the withdrawal method isn’t considered a reliable way to avoid pregnancy.
It might also be worth noting that one potential advantage, greater sexual pleasure, may not actually result from the pull out method [4] . When surveyed, women generally preferred to use a condom. Some men preferred the withdrawal method, but others did not.
The withdrawal method is commonly used with other birth control methods. That can mean a couple of different things.
First, it might mean that you use the withdrawal method with a second method of contraception at the same time for extra protection. One common combination is withdrawal and the fertility awareness method, in which the woman’s fertility is tracked.
Alternatively, many people use another method of contraception when they can but fall back on the pull out method when there isn’t anything else available. Most people know how to get birth control, but they may not want to ruin the moment. Otherwise, they use other contraceptive methods, such as condoms or the pill [5] .
It’s difficult to judge the effectiveness of using a combination of contraceptive strategies involving withdrawal. The risk of pregnancy is probably lower than using withdrawal by itself, but without some statistics, it’s difficult to judge.
While withdrawal isn’t as reliable a method of contraception as some, it does have a few advantages.
Learning how to pull out in time is a skill, and it can be developed like one. Once you know what you’re doing, it is a lot easier.
One key component is accurately gauging how close the climax is, so you can pull out in time at the right moment. That may just require some experimentation until you learn what that feels like. Otherwise, there are a few tips that can make pulling out more effective.
This means picking a moment to pull out consistently. Once you’re familiar with your own progression of arousal, find a moment that is the right one for you to pull out. Focus on finding that moment and pulling out every time.
Most sexually active men have experienced this at one point or another. The feeling of pressure that indicates a need to urinate can feel very similar to the build-up to climax. Urinating first means there won’t be any confusion and mistiming as a result.
The thing is, evolutionarily sex is meant as a way to make babies, whatever other meaning it has gained. As a result, both a man’s and a woman’s body do their best to make sure that is what happens. While sperm normally can’t survive outside the body, it’s not unknown for pregnancy to be caused by ejaculation landing on the vaginal opening.
Just make sure that you move your penis away vagina before ejaculating, and it shouldn’t be a problem.
While unprotected sex can result in pregnancy at any point, a woman may be more likely to conceive at certain points of her cycle. The fertile window, as it’s called, are the few days leading up to and including the day of ovulation.
An ovulation calculator is a form of the fertility awareness method . Using one, you can track a woman’s fertility. Alternatively, outercourse is another method of contraception that can be used on fertile days.
While there is a chance of pregnancy even if the male partner pulls out, that can be reduced by using other methods of birth control. We’ve already mentioned the fertility awareness method, but other options include:
The withdrawal does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases in any meaningful way. There are much better ways of producing your sexual and reproductive health. While kids might not be part of the plan in the short term, if you want to have that choice open to you down the line, your reproductive health should remain a priority.
As withdrawal is one of the least reliable contraceptive methods, it’s not unusual for it to fail. When it does happen, there are a couple of birth control options available to reduce the chances of pregnancy.
There are two types of emergency birth control that are usually used [6] .
The first is the morning after pill, usually a medication called levonorgestrel [7] . It’s a single pill that can be used up to 72 hours following unprotected sex. It’s more popular, but can result in:
The second type of emergency contraception is a copper IUD. It’s not hormonal and generally has few side effects. It also can be used up to five days after unprotected sexual activity. However, it has to be inserted by a doctor and is considered less convenient.
Yes. There is a small amount of sperm in pre-ejaculatory fluid, so it’s possible to become pregnant even if the male partner withdraws in time.
The pull out method usually fails to prevent pregnancy in one of two ways. The first is the result of sperm in pre-ejaculate fertilizing an egg. The second occurs when the withdrawal is mistimed.
It’s difficult to judge the risk, as there are a variety of factors at play. The failure rate of the pull out method is about 20%. However, the chances of getting pregnant rise dramatically during ovulation.
Withdrawal may not be terribly reliable, but it is much more effective than no birth control method at all. To most doctors, a good birth control method also provides some protection against sexually transmitted diseases, which the pull out method definitely does not.
As a result, it’s important to be careful when using the withdrawal method. It may be best used with someone you know to be free of STDs.
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For starters, it's not that effective.
Perhaps the Pill threw your hormones out of whack, or the idea of having a foreign object like the implant or IUD in your body skeeves you out. We get it: Choosing a form of birth control takes a lot of trial and (hopefully not much) error. Hormonal birth control options like the pill can come a litany of side effects from acne to bloating . And condoms can be a little awkward and uncomfortable for everyone. It’s beyond frustrating when you feel like all your options suck.
Perhaps that’s why even though we know it’s one of the least reliable forms of contraception, withdrawal or the “pull-out method” is just as popular as ever among women. In fact, according to one survey , 41 percent of women ages 18 to 24 reported practicing withdrawal and researchers estimate the actual number could be higher.
Maybe this news is shocking, but if you spend any time discussing your sex lives with your friends, you probably know at least one person who’s guilty of utilizing this method, or maybe you do yourself. And if your sex life is more sporadic, perhaps the idea of triaging the situation with Plan B every once in a while doesn't sound half bad.
We all long for the day that women can avoid pregnancy without wreaking havoc on our bodies, but until science catches up with our desires, we’re stuck with what we’ve got. Obviously birth control is a personal choice and we can’t tell you not to do, but if your goal is to actually prevent pregnancy, you’d be better off ditching the pull-out method and using condoms, the pill, NuvaRing, the Implant, or an IUD. Here’s why:
That may sound pretty good, but consider this: Out of the 18 different forms of birth control recognized by Planned Parenthood , the pull-out method comes in third to last in terms of effectiveness after spermicide (71 percent) and tracking your ovulation cycle (76 percent). Contrastingly, hormonal birth control methods are all over 90 percent effective. And if you want to be hormone and foreign-object-free, condoms are 85 percent effective. (Stock up on LELO Hex condoms from the Women's Health Boutique to make sure you're never without contraception.)
The reason the effectiveness is so low is because this method presents a lot of room for human error, says Mary Jane Minkin, M.D. and clinical professor at the Yale School of Medicine. Many men indeed cannot withdraw immediately and the first few drops of semen that emerge from the penis are the most loaded with sperm, she says. Remember, it only takes one sperm to fertilize an egg. In order to practice this method properly, your partner has to pull out before ejaculation and ejaculate away from your genitals.
Watch men answer questions about birth control (spoiler alert—they're clueless):
You may be thinking that the 7 percent discrepancy between condoms and the pull-out method isn’t enough to warrant a change in methodology, but remember that the pull-out method doesn’t prevent STIs , says Minkin.
That’s because even if you were practicing it accurately, some STIs like genital warts and herpes are transferred via skin-on-skin contact. Additionally STIs chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea can be carried in pre-cum, according to Planned Parenthood.
“I would strongly encourage any couple relying on withdrawal to at least get some condoms, which are a heck of a lot more reliable and do help protects against STIs,” she says.
According to a recent survey from the CDC, men have been increasingly using the pull-out method over the last decade. The average use of withdrawal among men nearly doubled from 9.8% in 2002 to 18.8% in 2011 to 2015. The survey found that on average, this method was used by 23 percent of men who had never been married. Contrastingly, only 13 percent of men who cohabited with their partner utilized the pull-out method. This report didn’t speculate why men have become increasingly inclined to use this method.
"The fact that the pull-out method doesn’t cost anything is the only advantage I can think of," says Minkin. Indeed, condoms and female contraception aren’t always free, but neither are pregnancies , child care, or STI treatment medications. Basically you have to decide between a smaller bill now or a big bill down the ro
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