Housewife Work

Housewife Work
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Whether she calls herself a homemaker, a stay-at-home-mom or a Domestic Goddess, being a housewife is a full-time job. In fact, since she is at work 24 hours a day, it is the equivalent of three full-time jobs. Even without adding childcare to the mix, today’s successful housewife is a highly-skilled professional with a mind-boggling job description. Her daily responsibilities range from chemistry to carpentry--and her paycheck is her family’s well-being.
Caring for her home is one of the most visible of a housewife’s responsibilities. She needn’t do all the work herself--she may have paid help, if she can afford it, and she may assign certain chores to her children, if any--but it is her job to see that her family’s surroundings and possessions are clean, hygienic and in working condition. This includes, but is not limited to, cleaning floors and carpets, washing dishes, dusting and polishing furniture, scouring bathrooms, and clothing care. And yes: a housewife does windows.
A good housewife has mastered basic handyman skills. She can perform minor repairs on the household appliances, do essential carpentry such as installing curtain rods and hanging pictures, and carry out the routine maintenance of her home’s plumbing, heating and air-conditioning systems. She is also responsible for maintaining a file of service people who will fix problems that are beyond her capabilities and for overseeing their work.
A housewife is responsible for her family’s meals. She must plan a menu of nutritious meals that will fit within her budget, shop for the groceries, prepare and serve the food, clean up afterward and keep the kitchen sanitary. She is expected to plan her meals around dietary restrictions, remember her family members’ food preferences and allergies, and make special meals for holidays, parties and other festive occasions.
In addition to keeping her home clean, a housewife keeps it attractive. She is most often the one who chooses the furniture, colors, textiles and ornaments that will adorn the family home, and if she has creative talent she may paint, wallpaper and sew things like curtains and throw pillows herself. She may update her home’s décor several times a year, and she is responsible for gathering, displaying, dismantling and storing seasonal decorations.
Quite often a housewife oversees all the family finances in addition to the housekeeping money. She may budget the money brought in by the wage-earning partner, pay all the bills and set small sums aside to make larger purchases or build a savings account.
A housewife is often the public face of her family during the business day. She is expected to deal with phone calls and deliveries, to visit trades people and to run errands for her family. If she has children, it is the housewife who interacts most often with teachers and health professionals on their behalf. It’s up to the housewife to keep relations cordial with the neighbors and to keep track of her family’s social obligations.
Siva Stephens has been a writer since she could hold a pencil. She has written newspaper articles, medical manuals, advertising copy and gags for cartoonists. Stephens has been publishing online since 2004, most recently as a contributing author for the Oregon Encyclopedia Project.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Married woman whose occupation is running or managing the family's home
This article may lack focus or may be about more than one topic . In particular, the article covers both housewives and working wives, and should be split. Please help improve this article, possibly by splitting the article and/or by introducing a disambiguation page , or discuss this issue on the talk page . ( April 2019 )
It has been suggested that this article should be split into a new article titled two-income family . ( discuss ) ( April 2019 )
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Swedish . (June 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

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Look up Housewife in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Housewives .
A housewife (also known as a homemaker or a stay-at-home mother/mum ) is a woman whose work is running or managing her family's home —
housekeeping , which includes caring for her children ; cleaning and maintaining the home; making , buying and/or mending clothes for the family; buying , cooking , and storing food for the family; buying goods that the family needs for everyday life; partially or solely managing the family budget ; — and who is not employed outside the home (a career woman ). [1]

Webster's Dictionary defines a housewife as a married woman who is in charge of her household . The British Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (1901) defines a housewife as "the mistress of a household; a female domestic manager; a pocket sewing kit". [2] (A small sewing kit is sometimes called a huswif, [3] : 115 housewife or hussif .) [4]

Some feminists [5] [6] and non-feminist economists (particularly proponents of historical materialism , the methodological approach of Marxist historiography ) note that the value of housewives' work is ignored in standard formulations of economic output , such as GDP or employment figures. A housewife typically works many unpaid hours a week and often depends on income from her husband's work for financial support.

In societies of hunters and gatherers , like the traditional society of the Australian aboriginal people , the men often hunted animals for meat while the women gather other foods such as grain , fruit and vegetables . One of the reasons for this division of labor is that it is much easier to look after a baby while gathering food than while hunting a fast-moving animal. Even when homes were very simple, and there were few possessions to maintain, men and women did different jobs. [ citation needed ]

In rural societies where the main source of work is farming , women have also taken care of gardens and animals around the house, generally helping men with heavy work when a job needed to be done quickly, usually because of the season.

Examples of the heavy work involving farming that a traditional housewife in a rural society would do are:

In rural studies, the word housewife is occasionally used as a term for "a woman who does the majority of the chores within a farm's compound ", as opposed to field and livestock work. [ citation needed ] .

Whether the productive contributions of women were considered "work" varied by time and culture. Throughout much of the 20th century, the women working on a family farm , no matter how much work they did, would be counted in the US census as being unemployed , whereas the men doing the same or (even less) work were counted as being employed as farmers . [7]

Regarding family size , a study of three Mexican cities done in 1991 came to the conclusion that there was no significant difference in the number of children in "housewife families" compared to those families with women who worked outside the home. [8]

A research based on 7733 respondents who were aged 18–65 and legally married women in 20 European countries showed men and women share less housework in countries that publicly support gender equality. On the contrary, women did more housework than men. [9]

Full-time homemakers in modern times usually share income produced by members of the household who are employed; wage-earners working full-time benefit from the unpaid work provided by the homemaker; otherwise, the performance of such work (childcare, cooking, housecleaning, teaching, transporting, etc.) could be a household expense. [10] US states with community property recognize joint ownership of marital property and income, and, unless a prenuptial or postnuptial agreement is followed, most marital households in the US operate as a joint financial team and file taxes jointly.

The method, necessity, and extent of educating housewives has been debated since at least the 20th century. [11] [12] [13] [14]

In imperial China (excluding periods of the Tang dynasty ), women were bound to homemaking by the doctrines of Confucianism and cultural norms. Generally, girls did not attend school and, therefore, spent the day doing household chores with their mothers and female relatives (for example, cooking and cleaning ). In most cases, the husband was alive and able to work, so the wife was almost always forbidden to take a job and mainly spent her days at home or doing other domestic tasks. As Confucianism spread across East Asia , this social norm was also observed in Korea , Japan and Vietnam . As foot binding became common after the Song Dynasty , many women lost the ability to work outside. [ citation needed ]

After the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, these norms were gradually loosened and many women were able to enter the workforce. Shortly thereafter, a growing number of females began to be permitted to attend schools. Starting with the rule of the People's Republic of China in 1949, all women were freed from compulsor
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