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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city of Hot Springs in Arkansas. For Hot Spring County, which does not include the city of Hot Springs, see Hot Spring County, Arkansas . For other uses, see Hot Springs .
Clockwise from top: Aerial view of Hot Springs, Army-Navy Hospital, a pool of hot spring water in Hot Springs National Park, the Central Avenue Historic District , Bathhouse Row
Location of Hot Springs in Garland County, Arkansas.
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Hot Springs, Arkansas" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( January 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
Steve Barton , actor, singer, dancer, choreographer, stage director and teacher
Bobby Bones , radio personality born in Hot Springs
Ruth Coker Burks , AIDS activist, humanitarian, and caregiver
Alan Clark , state senator from Garland, Hot Spring, Saline, and Grant counties, businessman in Hot Springs [65]
Bill Clinton , governor of Arkansas and 42nd President of the United States , boyhood home
Roger Clinton Jr. , musician, actor and half-brother of former US President Bill Clinton, born in Hot Springs on July 25, 1956 [66] [67]
Donald L. Corbin , Arkansas Supreme Court justice and state representative, born in Hot Springs
Bruce Cozart , developer in Hot Springs, District 24 member of the Arkansas House of Representatives since 2001
Timothy C. Evans Chief Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court.
Gauge , pornographic actress born in Hot Springs
Henry Glover , songwriter [68]
Cliff Harris , NFL Dallas Cowboys free safety, played quarterback at Hot Springs High School until his senior year, when he moved to Des Arc
Flora Harrod Hawes , youngest woman postmaster in Hot Springs
V. E. Howard , Church of Christ minister who founded the International Gospel Hour in Texarkana, Texas; pastor in Hot Springs early in his career [69]
Alan Ladd , actor born in Hot Springs in 1913
Marjorie Lawrence , Metropolitan Opera diva, resident for many years
Haven for gangsters in the 1930s, including longtime residents Lucky Luciano and Owney Madden [33]
The Countess Leon (Elisa Heuser Leon), the widow of Bernhard Müller, a leader of a small 19th century utopian group, spent her last years in Hot Springs, where she died in 1881 [70]
Arch McDonald , baseball broadcaster born in Hot Springs
Sid McMath , progressive reform governor of Arkansas 1949–1953, trial lawyer, and decorated U.S. Marine general
Joan Meredith , actress born in Hot Springs
Bobby Mitchell , NFL Hall of Fame running back born in Hot Springs
James Rector , born in Hot Springs, won a silver medal at the Olympics and was the first Olympian from Arkansas
Earl T. Ricks and I. G. Brown , decorated World War II aviators, Hot Springs natives who served as reform mayor and sheriff, respectively (1947–49), before resuming Air Force careers
Paul Runyan , golfer born in Hot Springs; went on to win two PGA championships and is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame
Laurie Rushing , Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from District 26 since 2015; real estate broker
Bill Sample , Republican member of both houses of the Arkansas General Assembly since 2005; businessman in Hot Springs [71]
George Luke Smith , who served in the U.S. House from Louisiana's 4th congressional district, relocated to Hot Springs, where he engaged in the real estate business and died in 1884
Billy Bob Thornton , actor, director and Academy Award-winning screenwriter, born in Hot Springs
^ "City of Hot Springs Arkansas" . City of Hot Springs Arkansas. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012 . Retrieved September 12, 2012 .
^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files" . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved June 30, 2020 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates" . United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020 . Retrieved May 27, 2020 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Hot Springs city, Arkansas" . U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder . Retrieved November 10, 2016 . [ dead link ]
^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates" . Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
^ [1] [ dead link ]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Paige, John C; Laura Woulliere Harrison (1987). Out of the Vapors: A Social and Architectural History of Bathhouse Row, Hot Springs National Park (PDF) . U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 25, 2009.
^ "arlington hotel, oaklawn, gangster museum, hot springs baseball trail, historical landmarks | Hot Springs, Arkansas" . Hotsprings.org . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Major League Spring Training in Hot Springs" . Encyclopedia of Arkansas . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ "Major League Spring Training in Hot Springs" . Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture . Retrieved March 16, 2016 .
^ Harding, Thomas. "Crawfords Called Best Money Could Buy" . Major League Baseball .
^ "1935 Pittsburgh Crawfords" . Baseball Reference .
^ Blaeuer, Mark (June 25, 2013). "Snappy Aggregations: African-American Baseball in Hot Springs, Arkansas" . Hot Springs Arkansas Baseball Trail.
^ "Search of Hall of Fame Members" . National Baseball Hall of Fame . Retrieved March 15, 2016 .
^ "From a Fan: Rare Photos of Babe Ruth in Hot Springs" . Babe Ruth Central . Retrieved March 17, 2016 .
^ Bailey, Budd (October 27, 2014). "Hot Springs, Arkansas: Babe Ruth's Home Run" . Road Trips!.
^ "Hot Springs Baseball" . Bill Jenkins Baseball . Retrieved March 17, 2016 .
^ "Arkansas Baseball Encyclopedia - Professional Baseball Ballparks" . Arkbaseball.com . Archived from the original on October 31, 2014 . Retrieved April 28, 2018 .
^ "Honus Wagner" . Hot Springs Baseball Tour . Retrieved March 17, 2016 .
^ "Hank Aaron - Hot Springs Arkansas Historic Baseball Trail" . Hotspringsbaseballtrail.com . October 1, 1952 . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ "Hank Aaron - Played In Negro League And Major League - Babe Ruth Accomplishments, Home, and Braves - JRank Articles" . Sports.jrank.org . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ "Negro Leagues Baseball eMuseum: Personal Profiles: Henry "Hank" Aaron" . Coe.k-state.edu . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ Heaphy,Leslie A. The Negro Leagues, 1869-1960p.222
^ "Arkansas Baseball Encyclopedia | Jackie Robinson's All-Stars Exhibitions" . Arkbaseball.com . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ Bauman, Bonnie. "Boys of Spring" . Arkansas Life . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ "Home" . Thefirstboysofspring.weebly.com . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ "Larry Foley - Home" . Larryfoley.weebly.com . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ Newman, Mark (January 20, 2016). "MLB Network to air 'First Boys of Spring' doc | MLB.com" . M.mlb.com . Retrieved February 24, 2016 .
^ "Untold Stories « Hot Springs Arkansas Historic Baseball Trail" . www.hotspringsbaseballtrail.com . Archived from the original on October 21, 2017 . Retrieved April 28, 2018 .
^ "Hot Springs Again Hit by Fire" . The Arkansas News . Old State House Museum. Fall 1984. Archived from the original on March 17, 2005 . Retrieved March 30, 2008 .
^ "$6,000,000 DAMAGE IN HOT SPRINGS FIRE; Thirty Blocks of Arkansas Resort Swept Away Within a Few Hours" . The New York Times . September 6, 1913. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009 . Retrieved March 30, 2008 .
^ "Brief History of the Assemblies of God" . Archived from the original on March 15, 2016 . Retrieved March 22, 2016 .
^ Jump up to: a b The Five Families . MacMillan. May 13, 2014. ISBN 9781429907989 . Retrieved June 22, 2008 .
^ Hot Springs: Gamblers' Haven New York Times March 8, 1964 Archived August 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
^ The Hottest Spring for Hot Springs Sports Illustrated March 19, 1962 Archived August 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
^ Charitable bingo was authorized by Arkansas Constitution "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2008 . Retrieved August 2, 2008 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) , Amendment 84 effective January 1, 2007. Also, the Arkansas Scholarship Lottery began in 2009 under Amendment 87.
^ Hodge, Michael (January 8, 2008). "Oaklawn Park Racetrack" . Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture . Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System . Archived from the original on December 24, 2013 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ https://www.thv11.com/article/news/hot-springs-leaders-worried-as-old-military-hospital-is-set-to-shutter/91-32573617-ff01-410a-90a9-d0493ca55a40
^ https://www.aetn.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/131142/ArmyNavyScript.pdf
^ "Hot Springs, Arkansas" . Best Small Places For Business And Careers . Forbes. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ "Medical marijuana sales kick off in Arkansas" . Los Angeles Times . Associated Press . Retrieved May 13, 2019 .
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990" . United States Census Bureau . February 12, 2011 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 .
^ Bedinger, M.S.; Pearson Jr., F.J.; Reed, J.E.; Sniegocki, R.T.; Stone, C.G. (1979). "The waters of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas; their nature and origin" (PDF) . Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044-C . Washington D.C.: United States Geological Survey. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 2, 2015.
^ Kresse, T.M.; Hays, P.D. (February 2011) [First published 2009]. "Geochemistry, comparative analysis, and physical and chemical characteristics of the thermal waters east of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas" (PDF) . Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5263 . United States Geological Survey. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 20, 2013.
^ "Monthly Averages for Hot Springs, AR" (Table) . The Weather Channel . Archived from the original on December 24, 2013 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ "Census of Population and Housing" . Census.gov . Retrieved June 4, 2015 .
^ "U.S. Census website" . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008 .
^ "Arkansas Alligator Farm & Petting Zoo" . Arkansas Alligator Farm & Petting Zoo. Archived from the original on February 28, 2011 . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^ "Alligator Farm Celebrates 105th Birthday" . Little Rock, Arkansas : KLRT-TV . February 7, 2007. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011 . Retrieved September 9, 2010 .
^ "Arkansas Alligator Farm" . Little Rock, Arkansas : KLRT-TV . August 1, 2008. Archived from the original on December 30, 2008 . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^ "About Us" . Arkansas Alligator Farm & Petting Zoo. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010 . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^ "Fordyce Bathhouse" . National Park Service. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original on February 5, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ Clarke, Jay (October 18, 1987). "Hot Springs On Comeback Trail As Renovation Begins on Bathhouses" . The Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on March 1, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ "Buckstaff Bathhouse" . National Park Service. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original on July 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "National Register Information System" . National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . March 13, 2009.
^ "Return of the Quapaw Bathhouse" . National Park Service. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original on April 4, 2008 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ "Lamar Bathhouse" . National Park Service. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original on July 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ "Vapor Valley signs lease with National Park Service" . Arkansas Democrat-Gazette . March 8, 2013. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ "National Park Service offers Ozark Bathhouse for lease opportunity; new deadline to submit proposal is February. 27" . Hot Springs Daily . Archived from the original on March 1, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ Lancaster, Guy. "Carpenter Dam" . Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture . Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at Central Arkansas Library System. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on February 7, 2009 . Retrieved December 15, 2008 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
^ "How City Government Works" . City of Hot Springs. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ Hargett, Malea (May 12, 2012). "State's last black Catholic school to close" . Arkansas Catholic . Archived from the original on July 31, 2017 . Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
^ "Intracity Transit" . City of Hot Springs, Arkansas . August 31, 2017. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018 . Retrieved January 15, 2018 .
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Municipalities and communities of Garland County, Arkansas , United States
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Hot Springs is a resort city in the state of Arkansas and the county seat of Garland County . The city is located in the Ouachita Mountains among the U.S. Interior Highlands , and is set among several natural hot springs for which the city is named. As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 35,193. [4] In 2019 the estimated population was 38,797. [5]
The center of Hot Springs is the oldest federal reserve in the United States , today preserved as Hot Springs National Park . The hot spring water has been popularly believed for centuries to possess healing properties, and was a subject of legend among several Native American tribes. Following federal protection in 1832, the city developed into a successful spa town . Incorporated January 10, 1851, the city has been home to Major League Baseball spring training, illegal gambling, speakeasies and gangsters such as Al Capone , horse racing at Oaklawn Park , the Army and Navy Hospital , and 42nd President Bill Clinton . One of the largest Pentecostal denominations in the United States, the Assemblies of God , traces its beginnings to Hot Springs.
Today, much of Hot Springs's history is preserved by various government entities. Hot Springs National Park is maintained by the National Park Service , including Bathhouse Row , which preserves the eight historic bathhouse buildings and gardens along Central Avenue. Downtown Hot Springs is preserved as the Central Avenue Historic District , listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The city also contains dozens of historic hotels and motor courts , built during the Great Depression in the Art Deco style. Due to the popularity of the thermal waters, Hot Springs benefited from rapid growth during a period when many cities saw a sharp decline in building; much like Miami 's art deco districts. As a result, Hot Springs's architecture is a key part of the city's blend of cultures, including a reputation as a tourist town and a Southern city. Also a destination for the arts, Hot Springs features the Hot Springs Music Festival, Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, and the Valley of the Vapors Independent Music Festival annually.
Members of many Native American tribes had been gathering in the valley for untold numbers of years to enjoy the healing properties of the thermal springs.
In 1673, Father Marquette and Jolliet explored the area and claimed it for France . The 1763 Treaty of Paris ceded the land to Spain; however, in 1800 control was returned to France until the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.
In December 1804, Dr. George Hunter and William Dunbar made an expedition to the springs, finding a lone log cabin and a few rudimentary shelters used by people visiting the springs for their healing properties. In 1807, a man named Prudhomme became the first settler of modern Hot Springs, and he was soon joined by John Perciful and Isaac Cates.
On August 24, 1818, the Quapaw Indians ceded the land around the hot springs to the United States in a treaty. After Arkansas became its own territory in 1819, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature requested in 1820 that the springs and adjoining mountains be set aside as a federal reservation. Twelve years later, in 1832, the Hot Springs Reservation was created by the United States Congress , granting federal protection of the thermal waters. The reservation was renamed Hot Springs National Park in 1921.
The outbreak of the American Civil War left Hot Springs with a declining bathing population. [6] After the Confederate forces suffered defeat in the Battle of Pea Ridge in March 1862, the Union troops advanced toward the Confederate city of Little Rock . Confederate Governor Henry M. Rector moved his staff and state records to Hot Springs. Union forces did not attack Little Rock, and the government returned to the capital city on July 14, 1862.
Many residents of Hot Springs fled to Texas or Louisiana and remained there until the end of the war. In September 1863, Union forces occupied Little Rock. During this period, Hot Springs became the prey of guerrilla bands loosely associated with either Union or Confederate forces. They pillaged and burned the near-deserted town, leaving only a few buildings standing at the end of the Civil War. [7]
After the Civil War, an extensive rebuilding of bathhouses and hotels took place at Hot Springs. The year-round population soared to 1,200 inhabitants by 1870. By 1873 six bathhouses and 24 hotels and boardinghouses stood near the springs. In 1874, Joseph Reynolds announced his decision to construct a narrow-gauge railroad from Malvern to Hot Springs; completion in 1875 resulted in the growth of visitation to the springs. Samuel W. Fordyce and two other entrepreneurs financed the construction of the first luxury hotel in the area, the first Arlington Hotel , which opened in 1875. [7]
During the Reconstruction Era , several conflicting land claims reached the U.S. Con
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