Horny Owl
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Horny Owl
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"Eagle owl" redirects here. For other uses, see Eagle owl (disambiguation) .
Temporal range: Late Pliocene to present
^ Possibly a junior synonym of Ketupa , if that is a valid genus: Pavia (1999), Mlíkovský (2002, 2003).
^ Duméril, A. M. Constant (1805). Zoologie analytique : ou, Méthode naturelle de classification des animaux; endue plus facile a l'aide de tableaux synoptiques (in French). Paris: Allais. p. 34. The book bears the date of 1806 on the title page but was actually published in 1805. See: Gregory, Steven M.S. (2010). "The two 'editions' of Duméril's Zoologie analytique , and the potential confusion caused by Froriep's translation Analytische Zoologie " (PDF) . Zoological Bibliography . 1 (1): 6–8.
^ Peters, James Lee , ed. (1940). Check-List of Birds of the World . Vol. 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 110.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . London: Christopher Helm. p. 179 . ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
^ Salter, J.F.; Oliveros, C.H.; Hosner, P.A.; Manthey, J.D.; Robbins, M.B.; Moyle, R.G.; Brumfield, R.T.; Faircloth, B.C. (2019). "Extensive paraphyly in the typical owl family (Strigidae)" . The Auk . 137 (ukz070). doi : 10.1093/auk/ukz070 .
^ Jump up to: a b Olsen et al. (2002)
^ Potapov, Eugene; Sale, Richard (2013). The Snowy Owl . T&APoyser. ISBN 978-0-7136-8817-7 .
^ König et al. (1999)
^ Gill, Frank ; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , eds. (January 2021). "Owls" . IOC World Bird List Version 11.1 . International Ornithologists' Union . Retrieved 25 May 2021 .
^ Arredondo, O; Olson, SL. "A New Species of Owl of the Genus Bubo from the Pleistocene of Cuba (Aves: Strigiformes)" (PDF) . Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash . 107 (3): 436–444 . Retrieved 2 December 2012 .
^ Lambrecht (1933): p. 616
^ Mlíkovský (2002)
^ A single bone of a large horned owl distinct from B. virginianus : Steadman et al. (1994)
^ Feduccia (1970)
^ Howard (1947)
^ Mlíkovský (2002, 2003)
^ Olson (1985): p. 167, Mlíkovský (2002)
^ " "Horror owl" caught in Purmerend; had attacked 50 people" . NL Times . 13 March 2015 . Retrieved 6 July 2021 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )
The American (North and South America) horned owls and the Old World eagle-owls make up the genus Bubo , at least as traditionally described. The genus name Bubo is Latin for the Eurasian eagle-owl .
This genus contains 19 species that are found in many parts of the world. Some of the largest living Strigiformes are in Bubo . Traditionally, only owls with ear-tufts were included in this genus, but that is no longer the case.
The genus Bubo was introduced in 1805 by André Duméril for the horned owls. [2] The type species is the Eurasian eagle-owl . [3] The word bubo is Latin for the Eurasian eagle owl and was used as the specific epithet for the species by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. [4]
A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019 found that species in the genera Scotopelia and Ketupa were embedded within the clade containing members of the genus Bubo . Thus, the genus Bubo as currently defined is paraphyletic . [5]
Systematics of which species to include among the horned owls is in an upheaval at present. While Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b sequence data favors the decision by some to regard the snowy owl as an eagle-owl adapted to Arctic conditions, moving it into Bubo , [6] this is not accepted by all authorities, many still preferring Nyctea . [7]
Likewise disagreement exists over the decision by some to move the four fish-owls previously in the genus Ketupa provisionally into Bubo as well, [8] which introduces a good bit of confusion. While the mtDNA cytochrome b data suggests that in this case, to make Bubo monophyletic the Scotopelia fishing owls would also need to be included there. On the other hand, the genus then becomes quite large and ill-defined, and Bubo in the expanded sense seems to consist of two distinct clades . Thus, the fish and fishing owls can alternatively be united in Ketupa if some aberrant eagle-owls – at least the barred , spot-bellied and Usambara eagle-owls , perhaps also Fraser's eagle-owl and maybe others – are moved into that genus too. As some enigmatic eagle-owls remain essentially unstudied and others – e.g. Verreaux's eagle-owl – are of unresolved relationships, more research is needed. [6]
The genus contains 19 extant species: [9]
Named and distinct Bubo species are:
Some notable undescribed fossils of prehistoric horned owls, usually quite fragmentary remains, have also been recorded:
Specimen UMMP V31030, a Late Pliocene coracoid from the Rexroad Formation of Kansas (USA), cannot be conclusively assigned to either Bubo or Strix . This fossil is from a taxon similar in size to the great horned owl ( B. virginianus ) or the great grey owl ( S. nebulosa ). [14]
The Sinclair owl ( Bubo sinclairi ) from Late Pleistocene California may have been a paleosubspecies of the great horned owl, [15] while the roughly contemporary Bubo insularis of the central and eastern Mediterranean has been considered a junior synonym of a brown fish owl paleosubspecies. [16] Additional paleosubspecies are discussed on the appropriate species page.
Several presumed Bubo fossils have turned out to be from different birds. The Late Eocene/Early Oligocene eared owls "Bubo" incertus and "Bubo" arvernensis are now placed in the fossil barn-owl genera Nocturnavis and Necrobyas , respectively. "Bubo" leptosteus is now recognized as primitive owl in the genus Minerva (formerly Protostrix ). "Bubo" poirreiri from the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene of Saint-Gérard-le-Puy in France, is now placed in Mioglaux .
On the other hand, the supposed fossil heron "Ardea" lignitum from the Late Pliocene of Plaue -Rippersroda (Germany) was apparently an owl and close to Bubo or more probably actually belongs here. Given its age – about 2 million years ago or so – it is usually included in the Eurasian eagle-owl today. [17]
Because of their nocturnal habits, most owls do not directly interact with humans. However, in 2015, an eagle owl in Purmerend , Netherlands , attacked some fifty humans before it was caught by a hired falconer . [18]
Indian eagle-owl , Bubo bengalensis
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great horned owl , ( Bubo virginianus ), horned owl species that ranges from Arctic tree limits south to the Strait of Magellan . A powerful, mottled-brown predator, it is often more than 2 feet (60 cm) long, with a wingspan often approaching 80 inches (200 cm). It usually eats small rodents and birds but has been known to carry off larger prey. Adapted to desert and forest, the species migrates only when food is scarce.
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The Kogelberg biosphere is a natural habitat for small wildlife and the beautiful Cape Eagle Owl with its prominent ear tuffs is a favourite among the feathered inhabitants. A perfect expression of the soil type, these wines are made for everyday enjoyment.
Tasting Notes: The nose is surprisingly intense. It has citrus blossom top notes underlain with a fruit cocktail of tinned apples, guavas and grapefruit.
The taste is also unexpectedly rich for a Sauvignon blanc. The entry is very juicy. The tinned peaches and guavas are still present but now joined by yellow peaches in their syrup.
The mouthfeel is smooth and long, showing acidic strength without edginess.
This is a fine example of an Elgin Sauvignon blanc where the climate is cool enough to let Sauvignon blanc ripen fully, retaining the delicate aromatics and escaping the grassy greenness that many unripe versions hide behind. This complete ripening, and bottling under screwcap, will allow this wine to age well for the next 3 to 5 years
Tasting Notes: Good dark rich colour typical for Shiraz. The nose is dark and earthy with hints of black pepper and wet scrub. The mid-palate shows a sweet texture of dark chocolate. The finish is quite savoury and dry with hints of dried orange and a black berry style fruit tapenade. This wine shows a great balance of all its elements. This wine is surprisingly sophisticated at this price point and will reward the discerning drinker with its fragrance, balance and length.
Viniculture: Hand harvested from a low-yielding Shiraz block. Open fermentation utilising both ambient and cultured yeasts, manual pigeage and matured for 11 months in French oak barrique. The Horny Owl is bottled unfiltered to preserve its integrity and flavour, making it a hoot to drink.
Lothian Vineyards, Rockiew Dam Road – Grabouw, Western Cape, ZA. © Lothian Vineyards Elgin. All Rights Reserved.
Adult from Pacific Northwest © Isaiah Nugent | Macaulay Library Washington, June 26, 2017
Adult from Southwest © John Bruin | Macaulay Library California, September 16, 2017
Adult (Great Horned) © Jeremiah Trimble | Macaulay Library Massachusetts, April 20, 2017
Adult from Pacific Northwest © Isaiah Nugent | Macaulay Library Washington, June 26, 2017
Adult from Southwest © John Bruin | Macaulay Library California, September 16, 2017
Adult (Great Horned) © Jeremiah Trimble | Macaulay Library Massachusetts, April 20, 2017
Adult from Pacific Northwest © Isaiah Nugent | Macaulay Library Washington, June 26, 2017
Adult from Southwest © John Bruin | Macaulay Library California, September 16, 2017
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Large owl with large ear tufts and yellow eyes. The color of the facial disc varies regionally from gray to cinnamon.
Birds in the highlands from Peru south to Tierra del Fuego are smaller with shorter ear tufts. They are also paler with closely spaced barring under the tail.
Owls can't move their eyes side to side; instead they can swivel their heads more than 180 degrees to look in any direction.
A hefty bird that flies silently on broad wings.
Juveniles are covered in fluffy down. The head is often downy white and contrasts with the darker facial disc and yellow eyes.
Preens feathers by pulling them through its bill.
Hefty, upright perching owl with noticeable ear tufts. Plumage coloration varies regionally. Eastern birds tend to have more cinnamon tones.
Birds in the highlands from Peru south to Tierra del Fuego are smaller with shorter ear tufts. They are also paler with closely spaced barring under the tail.
Male and females perform a duet of alternating calls, with the female’s voice recognizably higher in pitch than the male’s.
Uses nests built by other species, sometimes adding lining material of their own.
Juveniles are covered in fluffy down. White down often retained on the head longer, which contrasts with the darker facial disc.
Nests in trees such as cottonwood, juniper, beech, pine, and others. They usually adopt a nest that was built by another species, but they also use cavities in live trees, dead snags, deserted buildings, cliff ledges, and human-made platforms.
Mottled brown above with bright yellow eyes, a cinnamon facial disc, and a white throat.
Found in woodlands, orchards, and agricultural areas. Sometimes nest in abandoned buildings.
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These are large, thick-bodied owls with two prominent feathered tufts on the head. The wings are broad and rounded. In flight, the rounded head and short bill combine to create a blunt-headed silhouette.
Slightly larger than a Red-tailed Hawk.
Great Horned Owls are mottled gray-brown, with reddish brown faces and a neat white patch on the throat. Their overall color tone varies regionally from sooty to pale.
Great Horned Owls are nocturnal. You may see them at dusk sitting on fence posts or tree limbs at the edges of open areas, or flying across roads or fields with stiff, deep beats of their rounded wings. Their call is a deep, stuttering series of four to five hoots.
Look for this widespread owl in woods, particularly young woods interspersed with fields or other open areas. The broad range of habitats they use includes deciduous and evergreen forests, swamps, desert, tundra edges, and tropical rainforest, as well as cities, orchards, suburbs, and parks.
Great Horned Owls vary in color tone across their range: birds from the Pacific Northwest tend to be dark sooty; individuals across the Southwest are paler and grayer; and birds from subarctic Canada can be almost white.
Owls (Order: Strigiformes, Family: Strigidae )
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