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But ever since palm oil plantations, tourist developments and other harmful practices have expanded across their ancestral lands and their way of life and territory have been under threat. A World Bank spokesperson told Mongabay that its projects do not involve any activities that concern the demarcation or titling of Garifuna lands. The territory has also been infiltrated by criminal groups that transport drugs via the coast. Miranda said this has led to many deaths and has destroyed the social fabric of some communities. Garifuna leaders and human rights organizations, such as OFRANEH, have denounced the Honduran state for selling their ancestral lands to private developers, agribusiness and drug traffickers without their consent and argue that the government has failed to recognize, respect or protect their fundamental rights. For almost two decades, Garifuna leaders with the support of OFRANEH have filed complaints about rights violations that have taken place on their lands. On Oct. But it has been almost 10 years since the first ruling and the government has not yet complied with sentences. Property titles on Garifuna land have continued to be sold to private investors, such as the owners of the Rosa Negra tourist complex, who have been accused of harassing and threatening Garifuna leaders, according to a public statement signed by the Washington Office on Latin America and 12 other international organizations. Meanwhile, leaders and community members continue to face an increase in threats, criminalization and violence by Honduran military forces and police who provide security to non-Afro-Indigenous settlers. Since , more than Garifuna peoples have been killed, 37 criminalized and five forcibly displaced. Earlier, in , four Garifuna leaders had disappeared after a group of 30 heavily armed men in police uniforms were seen entering their homes. These leaders were never seen again. Castillo said his mother and sister have also received death threats. Miranda has also been arrested and threatened on several occasions, such as in September last year, when four unknown men with assault rifles entered her home in Vallecito. According to Miranda, ever since the court sentences, racism toward Garifuna peoples has increased. On June 24 and 26, the Honduran police and military raided the community of Trujillo and tried to evict and imprison Garifuna residents. The police were reportedly sent to protect the interests of Randy Jorgensen, Malik Zoharan and Darren Wade, three Canadian tourist investors charged with money laundering and fraud relating to sales of Garifuna lands earlier this year. We have the right to that. Banner image : Protesters marching to the Presidential Palace in Tegucigalpa. Photo courtesy of Carlos Ortiz. Honduran environmental defenders hit hard by human rights crisis, report says. If you want to post a public comment, you can do that at the bottom of the page. Consumed traces the life cycle of a variety of common consumer products from their origins, across supply chains, and waste streams. Garifuna land rights abuses persist in Honduras, despite court ruling. Aimee Gabay 17 Jul Central America. Comments Share article Share this article If you liked this story, share it with other people. Page link. On the northern Caribbean coast of Honduras, Garifuna Afro-Indigenous peoples seeking to reclaim their ancestral lands have been subjected to threats and violence by private developers, drug traffickers and state forces. For more than two decades, the territory has been threatened by the expansion of palm oil, tourist developments, mining projects and drug traffickers. The state has still not complied with the ruling; meanwhile, Garifuna residents and human rights organizations say threats, criminalization and violence against them have increased. See All Key Ideas. Alexandrapopescu Editor. See Topics. To wipe or to wash? Rolling towards circularity? Ashoka Mukpo 22 Aug Consumed series. Free and open access to credible information. Latest articles All articles. In Costa Rica, sustainable tourism is no longer enough for conservation. Michele Bertelli 21 Oct Deforestation plunges but environmental threats remain as Colombia hosts COP Lucas Berti 21 Oct New study upends common belief that birds escape winter to save energy. Abhishyant Kidangoor 21 Oct Juan Mayorga 21 Oct Aimee Gabay 21 Oct Cambodian logging syndicate tied to major U. Gerald Flynn 21 Oct All articles.

Honduras: The agony and the ecstasy

Honduras buy Ecstasy

Mexican methamphetamine is being exported in bulk to the Asia-Pacific region, fentanyl is being added to stimulants in South America, and ecstasy flows from Europe to the Southern Cone are soaring. We began mainly with regional activities — workshops, a report — that focused on knowledge building rather than specific country capacity-building. That has changed over time, though. We are currently working with law enforcement on improving detection capabilities, for example, by delivering handheld electronic drug detection devices. We have now delivered such devices to 20 countries in the region. Of course, every law enforcement officer in the region knows about cocaine, marijuana, and probably heroin. But it often stops there. They would not necessarily be aware that methamphetamine plays a significant role in the region or know much about ecstasy or synthetic drug pills containing NPS. There is even less knowledge when we go into more specific NPS — the synthetic cannabinoids, the stimulants, the cathinones, let alone the synthetic opioids like fentanyl or carfentanyl. We therefore also offer training to forensic laboratories. We offer manuals with methods on how to analyze the substances in the laboratory. Mexico and, to a much lesser extent, Guatemala, are the manufacturing and trafficking hubs for methamphetamine Latin America. Do you think this could expand to other countries? MR: Within Central America, it is still rare to make significant methamphetamine seizures. They tend to occur in countries where there is already illicit manufacture of methamphetamine, such as in Guatemala. However, there is a suspicion that methamphetamine production is spreading further south, for example, into Honduras. That is based on reports of precursor seizures. But looking at the overall trends, we see a southward movement for illicit methamphetamine manufacture. IC: In terms of illegal methamphetamine manufacturing in Mexico, what do you think are the main drivers of exportation not just to North America, but now to Europe and to the Asia Pacific region? However, looking at the trends, we see that because of the move from ephedrine-based processes to P2P-based processes, Mexican methamphetamine producers can rely on a much broader range of precursor chemicals, many of which are not under international or national control. That might mean precursors are more readily available and perhaps cheaper than before. One reason we think that is because in the United States, methamphetamine prices have fallen quite significantly in recent years, while purity continues to be very high. I mean, very high. We believe that means production costs are down, but because there is so much supply, so are the profit margins. Hence, traffickers have a few options. One is to increase consumption , but there is always a limit to that. Another is to expand their geographic markets by looking for new places to supply. IC: You mentioned the high purity of Mexican methamphetamine. With methamphetamine, there are two elements to consider: firstly, the purity, and secondly, the concentration of d-methamphetamine — the desired and stronger isomer — versus l-methamphetamine. The information we have from laboratories in Southeast Asia is that both purity and concentration of d-methamphetamine in the methamphetamine produced in the Golden Triangle is very high. Now, for the Afghan methamphetamine, we are still working on the basis of a very small number of samples analyzed. But the samples were also of good quality. IC: How do you think ecstasy trafficking to Latin America has changed in recent years? MR: There are two developments I would like to mention: one is trafficking by post or courier, which is one of the main routes of MDMA trafficking into the region, particularly to Central America and the Caribbean. We are not talking kilos here, just a couple of hundred tablets at a time. More recently, countries in the Southern Cone, like Uruguay for example, have also made larger seizures — hundreds of grams or maybe a kilo or so. And that also includes crystalline MDMA now, which can have dangerously high purity. Do you think those kind of large-scale MDMA shipments are increasing? MR: I would definitely agree that these large amounts are uncommon in South America. Having more than a couple of thousand pills was really rare in the past. Will we see this more often? I mean, ecstasy is typically consumed by a very specific group of the population. So that somewhat limits the opportunities for market expansion. MR: In , we reported the emergence of local synthesis in southern Brazil, where police busted several laboratories synthesizing ecstasy. I am not aware of other reports of synthesis of ecstasy type substances in the whole region, but ecstasy labs that retablet or dilute imported drugs remain common. As for opportunities for expansion, given the fact that there is very large-scale MDMA manufacture in Europe that is increasingly being shipped over, I think it will probably be quite hard to establish economically viable domestic synthesis facilities. IC: Moving then to opioids. In February , a series of cocaine doses laced with carfentanyl killed several dozen people in Argentina. In your opinion, will these contamination incidents become increasingly common? I think there could be underreporting in Latin America, in which cocaine, heroin or other drugs are already being laced with fentanyl or other synthetic opiates, but because no one is brought to a hospital the drug is never detected. I think the Argentina incident tells us that we need to pay more attention to this and better test common drugs in the region, like cocaine. The US opioid crisis came about through a very specific combination of factors, some of which were also present to a lesser extent in Canada. The biggest enabling factor in Latin America — which was also seen in the US — is the easy availability of medicines without having the necessary prescription. That said, overall prevalence of opioids in Latin America is extremely low. IC: Going on to ketamine. There has been an apparent increase in seizures across certain countries, like Costa Rica and Chile. Do you think ketamine could ever become as popular in Latin America as it is in parts of Southeast Asia and Europe? MR: I think ketamine sold as ketamine is not particularly popular in Latin America. Most interestingly, multi-kilogram seizures of tusi have been made in Europe, particularly in Spain but also in the UK and most recently in Austria. This is very unusual for Europe, but such cases have increased over the last few months. Can you tell us a bit more about that? However, of the ones that make it to Latin America, a lot of the customization, packaging, and transshipment seems to occur in Europe, particularly in Spain. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region. Donate today to empower research and analysis about organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean, from the ground up. Skip to content. Stay Informed With InSight Crime Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region.

Honduras buy Ecstasy