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Am J Public Health
v.102(1); Jan 2012
PMC3490549
Am J Public Health. 2012 January; 102(1): e9–e15.
Published online 2012 January. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300378
Hyun-Jun Kim and Karen I. Fredriksen-Goldsen are with the School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle.
Correspondence should be sent to Hyun-Jun Kim, PhD, 4101 15th Ave. NE, Box 354900, Seattle, WA 98105 (e-mail: ude.notgnihsaw.u@mikjnuyh ). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the “Reprints/Eprints” link.
Copyright © American Public Health Association 2012
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
a Arthritis was measured only in 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009.
a Arthritis was measured only in 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009.
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Articles from American Journal of Public Health are provided here courtesy of American Public Health Association
1. National Institutes of Health
Biennial Report of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Fiscal Years 2008 & 2009 . Bethesda, MD; 2010 [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
2. US Department of Health and Human Services
Healthy People 2020 Objectives ; 2011.
Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020 . Accessed May 16, 2011 [ Ref list ]
3. Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Health disparities experienced by Hispanics—United States . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2004; 53 ( 40 ):935–937 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
5. Kirby JB, Taliaferro G, Zuvekas SH.
Explaining racial and ethnic disparities in health care . Med Care . 2006; 44 ( suppl 5 ):I64–I72 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
8. Quinn K.
Working Without Benefits: The Health Insurance Crisis Confronting Hispanic Americans . Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates; 2000.
Available at: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/Fund-Reports/2000/Mar/Working-Without-Benefits–The-Health-Insurance-Crisis-Confronting-Hispanic-Americans.aspx . Accessed May 16, 2011 [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
9. Case P, Austin SB, Hunter DJet al. Sexual orientation, health risk factors, and physical functioning in the Nurses’ Health Study II . J Womens Health (Larchmt) . 2004; 13 ( 9 ):1033–1047 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
10. Conron KJ, Mimiaga MJ, Landers SJ.
A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health . Am J Public Health . 2010; 100 ( 10 ):1953–1960 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
12. Cochran SD, Mays VM.
Physical health complaints among lesbians, gay men, and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals: results from the California Quality of Life Survey . Am J Public Health . 2007; 97 ( 11 ):2048–2055 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
17. Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Kim H-J, Barkan SE, Balsam KF, Mincer S.
Disparities in health-related quality of life: a comparison of lesbians and bisexual women . Am J Public Health . 2010; 100 ( 11 ):2255–2261 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
18. Harper GW, Jernewall N, Zea MC.
Giving voice to emerging science and theory for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people of color . Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol . 2004; 10 ( 3 ):187–199 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
19. Estrada D, Rutter P.
Using the multiple lenses of identity: working with ethnic and sexual minority college students . J Coll Couns . 2006; 9 ( 2 ):158–166 [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
20. Williams DR, Mohammed SA.
Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research . J Behav Med . 2009; 32 ( 1 ):20–47 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
21. Cole SW, Kemeny ME, Taylor SE, Visscher BR.
Elevated physical health risk among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity . Health Psychol . 1996; 15 ( 4 ):243–251 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
26. Espin OM.
Issues of identity in the psychology of Latina lesbians . : Garnets LG, Kimmel DC, Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Male Experiences . New York: Columbia University Press; 1993:348–363 [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
27. Cochran SD, Mays VM, Alegria M, Ortega AN, Takeuchi D.
Mental health and substance use disorders among Latino and Asian American lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults . J Consult Clin Psychol . 2007; 75 ( 5 ):785–794 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
28. Kertzner RM, Meyer IH, Frost DM, Stirratt MJ.
Social and psychological well-being in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: the effects of race, gender, age, and sexual identity . Am J Orthopsychiatry . 2009; 79 ( 4 ):500–510 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
29. Mays VM, Yancey AK, Cochran SD, Weber M, Fielding JE.
Heterogeneity of health disparities among African American, Hispanic, and Asian American women: unrecognized influences of sexual orientation . Am J Public Health . 2002; 92 ( 4 ):632–639 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System . Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.htm . Accessed October 19, 2011 [ Ref list ]
36. US Department of Health and Human Services
Annual update of the HHS poverty guidelines . Fed Regist . 2003; 68 ( 26 ):6456–6458 [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
43. Moorman JE, Zahran H, Truman BI, Molla MT; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Current asthma prevalence—United States, 2006–2008 . MMWR Surveill Summ . 2011; 60 ( suppl ):84–86 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
44. Heck JE, Jacobson JS.
Asthma diagnosis among individuals in same-sex relationships . J Asthma . 2006; 43 ( 8 ):579–584 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
45. Nystad W, Meyer HE, Nafstad P, Tverdal A, Engeland A.
Body mass index in relation to adult asthma among 135,000 Norwegian men and women . Am J Epidemiol . 2004; 160 ( 10 ):969–976 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
47. Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM, McLaughlin KA.
The protective effects of social/contextual factors on psychiatric morbidity in LGB populations . Int J Epidemiol . 2011; 40 ( 4 ):1071–1080 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
48. Meyer IH.
Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence . Psychol Bull . 2003; 129 ( 5 ):674–697 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
49. Herek GM.
Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward bisexual men and women in the United States . J Sex Res . 2002; 39 ( 4 ):264–274 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
50. McLean K.
Inside, outside, nowhere: bisexual men and women in the gay and lesbian community . J Bisex . 2008; 8 ( 1–2 ):63–80 [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
51. Acosta K.
Lesbianas in the borderlands—shifting identities and imagined communities . Gend Soc . 2008; 22 ( 5 ):639–659 [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
54. Zea MC, Reisen CA, Diaz RM.
Methodological issues in research on sexual behavior with Latino gay and bisexual men . Am J Community Psychol . 2003; 31 ( 3/4 ):281–291 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
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