Heta | Svensk Porr
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Heta | Svensk Porr
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the letter. For other uses, see Heta (disambiguation) .
^ Jeffery, Lilian H. (1961). The local scripts of archaic Greece . Oxford: Clarendon.
^ Poinikastas Epigraphic Archive
^ Jeffery (1961); pg 345.
^ Hilgard, Alfredus, ed. (1901). "In artis Dionysianae §6" . Grammatici Graeci . Vol. Scholia in Dionysii Thracis Artem Grammaticam. Leipzig: Teubner. p. 486. At the Internet Archive .
^ Hilgard. p.494 .
^ Nick Nicholas, "Greek h" Archived 2013-09-01 at archive.today
^ Summary of repertoire for FDAM 3 of ISO/IEC 10646
Proto-Greek - (c. 2900–1600 BC)
Mycenaean Greek (c. 1600–1100 BC)
Ancient Greek - (c. 800–300 BC)
Koine Greek - (c. 300 BC–AD 330)
Medieval Greek - (c. 330–1453)
Modern Greek - (since 1453)
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Heta is a conventional name for the historical Greek alphabet letter Eta (Η) and several of its variants, when used in their original function of denoting the consonant /h/ .
The letter Η had been adopted by Greek from the Phoenician letter Heth ( ) originally with this consonantal sound value, and Hēta was its original name. The Italic alphabets , and ultimately Latin , adopted the letter H from this Greek usage. However, Greek dialects progressively lost the sound /h/ from their phonological systems. In the Ionic dialects, where this loss of /h/ happened early, the name of the letter naturally changed to Ēta , and the letter was subsequently turned from a consonant to a new use as a vowel, denoting the long half-open /ɛː/ sound. In this function it later entered the classical orthography adopted across the whole of Greece. According to traditional accounts, the new vowel, Ēta , was originally the innovation of the poet Simonides of Ceos (556-468 BC).
In dialects that still had the /h/ sound as part of their phonological systems, including early Athens , the same letter continued to be used in its consonantal function. Just like vocalic Eta, it could occur in a number of glyph variants in different local varieties of the alphabet, including one shaped like a square "8" similar to the original Phoenician ( ), but also a plain square ( ), a crossed square ( ), shapes with two horizontal ( ) or with diagonal bars ( ). [1] [2]
During the classical era, more dialects adopted the new Ionian vocalic Eta (as Athens did around c. 400 BC). As many of these dialects nevertheless still also pronounced /h/ , they faced the problem of distinguishing between their own old consonantal symbol and the new vocalic symbol. Some dialects, including classical Attic, simply omitted the marking of the /h/ -sound. In others (for instance Rhodes ), the same symbol was used in both functions. [3] Others distinguished between glyph variants, for instance in Delphi by using the closed square sign ( ) for /h/ , and the open H for the vowel. In the southern Italian colonies of Heracleia and Tarentum , a new innovative shape for /h/ was invented, consisting of a single vertical stem and a rightward-pointing horizontal bar, like a half H ( ). From this sign, later scholars developed the rough breathing or spiritus asper , which brought back the marking of the old /h/ sound into the standardized post-classical ( polytonic ) orthography of Greek in the form of a diacritic .
From scholia to the grammar of Dionysius Thrax , it appears that the memory of the former consonantal value of the letter Η was still alive in the era of the Alexandrine Koiné insofar as the name of the vocalic η was still pronounced "heta" and accordingly written with a rough breathing. The later standard spelling of the name eta , however, has the smooth breathing.
Διὰ τί τὸ η πρὸ τοῦ τ ψιλοῦται, ἐν δὲ τῷ ἧτα τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ στοιχείου δασύνεται; Ἐπειδὴ παρὰ τοῖς ἀρχαίοις ὁ τύπος τοῦ Η ἐν τύπῳ δασείας ἔκειτο, ὥσπερ καὶ νῦν <παρὰ> τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις. [4]
Why does η before τ have a smooth breathing, but in the letter name "ἥτα" [heta] it has the rough breathing? – Because in the old days the letter Η served to stand for the rough breathing, as it still does with the Romans.
Διὰ τί δὲ πάντων τῶν φωνηέντων ψιλουμένων, μόνου τοῦ υ φυσικὴν δασεῖαν ἔχοντος, τὸ ἧτα δασύνεται; Ὅτι πάλαι τὸ Η χαρακτὴρ ἦν τῆς δασείας· τοῦ Η τοίνυν χαρακτῆρα τῆς δασείας ἔχοντος, εὐλόγως καὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ δασύνεται· καὶ γὰρ ἄτοπον ἦν ἄλλοις χορηγοῦν τὴν πρόσπνευσιν τῆς δασείας αὐτὸ ταύτης στερεῖσθαι. [5]
Why, when all vowel letters start with a smooth breathing, and only "υ" has a rough breathing by nature, does "ἧτα" [heta] have the rough breathing? – Because formerly Η was the sign of the rough breathing. Thus, since Η has the property of the rough breathing, it is logical that its own name should also have it, because it would be inappropriate if it should impart the aspiration to other letters but lack it itself.
Under the Roman emperor Claudius in the mid-1st century AD, Latin briefly re-borrowed the letter in the shape of the half-H tack glyph, as one of the so-called Claudian letters . It denoted the sonus medius , a short close vowel sound of a quality between i and u .
In modern transcriptions and editions of ancient Greek epigraphic text that use consonantal Heta, in any of its shapes, the letter is most often rendered simply with a Latin h , both in Latin transliteration and in Greek scholarly transcriptions (using lowercase in Greek, so that Latin h and Greek η are distinct). Some authors have also adopted the Heracleian "tack" Heta ( ) for use in modern transcription. [6] Jeffery (1961) uses the tack symbol also as a modern label for the abstract grapheme , i.e. as a cover label for any letter shape denoting /h/ in any given local alphabet.
The Unicode standard of computer encoding introduced code points for a tack-shaped "Greek letter Heta" designed for this usage in its version 5.1 of April 2008. Like other archaic letters, Unicode Heta comes in an uppercase and lowercase variant to cater for the needs of modern typography. [7] Type designers have created several designs for this new typographic lowercase form, one of them resembling a lowercase Latin h with a straight rightward horizontal bar. The Greek Heta codepoints are distinct from another set designed to represent the tack-shaped Claudian "Latin letter half H" ( Latin Extended-C ).
Die Vorteile eines Kaminofens von HETA
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Use all specified fasteners; see General Notes. Embedded 4" into a 6" min. concrete beam or 8" nominal grouted block wall. For mislocated truss anchors which are greater than 1/8" but less than 1 1/2" from the face of the truss, a shim must be provided. Shim design by truss engineer. When gap is greater than 1 1/2", abandon existing embedded truss anchor and install new anchor per designer. Minimum spacing of single anchors is twice the embedment depth for full load. For closer spacing, see loads for double anchor installation. In double anchor installations, install anchors with spoons facing outward and straps spaced no more than 1/8" wider than the rafter/truss width. Do not install nails where the straps overlap when wrapped over the rafter/truss. Straps do not need to be wrapped over the rafter/truss to achieve tabulated loads, unless noted otherwise.
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
± show ▼ variant of the Ancient Greek letter eta when used to denote the consonant /h/
show ▼ Conjugation of hēta (strong)
Och Laban hadhe twå döttrar / the äldsta heet Lea / och the yngsta heet Rahel. (modern spelling) Och Laban hade två döttrar / den äldsta het Lea / och den yngsta het Rachel. And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel.
show ▼ Conjugation of heta (class 7 strong)
From Ancient Greek ἧτᾰ ( hêta ) .
Qualifier: (e.g. literally, formally, slang)
Script code : (e.g. Cyrl for Cyrillic, Latn for Latin)
Nesting: (e.g. Serbo-Croatian/Cyrillic)
-heta ( infinitive guheta , perfective -hese )
heta ( present heter , preterite hette , supine hetat , imperative het )
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs .
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs .
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