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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City in Pennsylvania, United States
City in Pennsylvania, United States
A view of Downtown Hazleton from the south
The Mountain City, Mob City, The Power City
Location of Hazleton in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
Location within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania
Lou Barletta , former mayor of Hazleton and former U.S. congressman
Edward Bonin , former mayor of Hazleton and former U.S. congressman
Frank Borzage , film director
Hubie Brown , basketball coach and television analyst
Russ Canzler , professional baseball player [52]
Flick Colby , choreographer
Carl Duser , baseball player [53] [54]
Todd A. Eachus , former state representative
Dan Flood , former US congressman
Thomas R. Kline , lawyer
Sarah Knauss , lived to age 119
Norm Larker ( Beaver Meadows ), player for the LA Dodgers
Charles Lemmond , former state senator
Sherrie Levine , photographer and appropriation artist
H. Craig Lewis , former state senator
Joe Maddon , Major League Baseball manager
Tom Matchick , MLB player
David Micahnik (born 1938), Olympic fencer
Judith Nathan , wife of former New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani
Jack Palance ( Hazle Township ), Oscar-winning actor
Eddie Rambeau , singer, songwriter, and actor.
Andrew Soltis , chess grandmaster
John Thomas Sweeney , murderer of Dominique Dunne
Mike Tresh , MLB catcher
Bob Tucker , NFL tight end with the New York Giants
^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files" . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved July 28, 2020 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates" . United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020 . Retrieved May 27, 2020 .
^ "Census 2015: Pennsylvania – USATODAY.com" . USA TODAY News .
^ Greater Hazleton Historical Society Archived 2007-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ Krause, Arthur (1999). History of Hazleton and Area . West Hazleton, PA: Arthur A. Krause. p. 6.
^ Jump up to: a b Krause, Arthur (1999). History of Hazleton and Area . West Hazleton, PA: Arthur A. Krause. p. 58.
^ Greater Hazleton Historical Society Archived 2007-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ Anderson, John W. Transitions: From Eastern Europe to Anthracite Community to College Classroom. Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse, 2005; ISBN 0-595-33732-5
^ Miller, Randall M. and Pencak, William. Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth. State College, Penn.: Penn State Press, 2003; ISBN 0-271-02214-0
^ Estimates of the number of wounded are inexact. They range from a low of 17 wounded (Duwe, Grant. Mass Murder in the United States: A History . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2007; ISBN 0-7864-3150-4 ) to as many as 49 injured (DeLeon, Clark. Pennsylvania Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff. 3rd rev. ed. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot, 2008; ISBN 0-7627-4588-6 ). Other estimates include 30 wounded (Lewis, Ronald L. Welsh Americans: A History of Assimilation in the Coalfields. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2008; ISBN 0-8078-3220-0 ), 32 wounded (Anderson, Transitions: From Eastern Europe to Anthracite Community to College Classroom, 2005; Berger, Stefan; Croll, Andy; and Laporte, Norman. Towards A Comparative History of Coalfield Societies. Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005; ISBN 0-7546-3777-8 ; Campion, Joan. Smokestacks and Black Diamonds: A History of Carbon County, Pennsylvania . Easton, Penn.: Canal History and Technology Press, 1997; ISBN 0-930973-19-4 ), 35 wounded (Foner, Philip S. First Facts of American Labor: A Comprehensive Collection of Labor Firsts in the United States. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1984; ISBN 0-8419-0742-0 ; Miller and Pencak, Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth, 2003; Derks, Scott. Working Americans, 1880–2006: Volume VII: Social Movements. Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing, 2006; ISBN 1-59237-101-9 ), 38 wounded (Weir, Robert E. and Hanlan, James P. Historical Encyclopedia of American Labor, Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press, 2004; ISBN 0-313-32863-3 ), 39 wounded (Long, Priscilla. Where the Sun Never Shines: A History of America's Bloody Coal Industry. Minneapolis: Paragon House, 1989; ISBN 1-55778-224-5 ; Novak, Michael. The Guns of Lattimer. Reprint ed. New York: Transaction Publishers, 1996; ISBN 1-56000-764-8 ), and 40 wounded (Beers, Paul B. The Pennsylvania Sampler: A Biography of the Keystone State and Its People . Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books, 1970).
^ Blatz, Perry K. Democratic Miners: Work and Labor Relations in the Anthracite Coal Industry, 1875–1925. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1994 ISBN 0-7914-1819-7
^ Krause, Arthur (1999). History of Hazleton and Area . West Hazleton, PA: Arthur A. Krause. p. 59.
^ A., Tarone, L. (2004). We were here once : successes, mistakes, & calamaties in Hazleton Area history . Hazleton, Pa.: Citizen Pub. Co. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0977668401 . OCLC 76906868 .
^ Greater Hazleton Historical Society Archived 2007-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Albert Anastasia Part 1". FBI Records: The Vault. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Norris, Michele (2018-03-12). "As America Changes, Some Anxious Whites Feel Left Behind" . National Geographic . Retrieved 2018-03-18 .
^ Text of the ordinances Archived 2007-03-22 at the Wayback Machine
^ Illegal Immigration Relief Act passed | Small Town Defenders – Hazleton, Pennsylvania Archived 2007-03-22 at the Wayback Machine
^ "2006-19 Official English" (PDF) . smalltowndefenders.com . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-12-16.
^ "Towns take a local approach to blocking illegal aliens" . Washington Times . 2006-09-21.
^ "Welcome To Hazleton" . CBS News . November 17, 2006.
^ O'Reilly, Bill. "Bill O'Reilly: The O'Reilly Factor - Friday, March 9, 2007" . www.billoreilly.com .
^ "Initial Complaint" (PDF) . aclupa.org . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-14.
^ "First Amended Complaint" (PDF) . aclupa.org . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-14.
^ "Second Amended Complaint" (PDF) . aclupa.org . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-14.
^ "Lozano v. City of Hazleton (3rd Cir. 2013)" (PDF) . ca3.uscourts.gov .
^ Klibanoff, Eleanor. " The Immigrants It Once Shut Out Bring New Life To Pennsylvania Town ." National Public Radio . October 14, 2015. Retrieved on July 17, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Frantz, Jeff. " Not all in Hazleton convinced old town, new immigrants can co-exist happily ." Pennlive . June 10, 2012. Retrieved on July 17, 2016.
^ "Michele Norris On The Anxiety Of White America And Her Optimism For The Future" . NPR.org . March 13, 2018 . Retrieved 2018-03-18 .
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990" . United States Census Bureau . 2011-02-12 . Retrieved 2011-04-23 .
^ Population Archived 2007-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
^ https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/pennsylvania/hazleton
^ "USDA Interactive Plant Hardiness Map" . United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2019-07-09 .
^ Jump up to: a b "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University" . www.prism.oregonstate.edu . Retrieved July 9, 2019 .
^ "Number of Inhabitants: Pennsylvania" (PDF) . 18th Census of the United States . U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved 22 November 2013 .
^ "Pennsylvania: Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF) . U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved 22 November 2013 .
^ Jump up to: a b "U.S. Census website" . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 2008-01-31 .
^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population" . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013 . Retrieved 22 November 2013 .
^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results" . factfinder.census.gov . Archived from the original on 2020-02-10 . Retrieved 2011-09-18 .
^ "DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010" . QuickFacts Hazleton city, Pennsylvania . Retrieved 17 July 2016 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2017-09-16 . Retrieved 2017-09-16 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
^ "Amazon to Locate New Distribution Center in Hazleton, Pennsylvania" . Reuters . May 19, 2008.
^ "Hazleton, Pennsylvania (PA) poverty rate data – information about poor and low income residents living in this city" . city-data.com .
^ "Hazelton to Be Phils' Farm" (PDF) . New York Times . 1934-04-15 . Retrieved 2009-09-29 .
^ "Hazleton, Pennsylvania" . BR Bullpen . Retrieved 2009-09-29 .
^ "SSPTV.com – Hazleton PA – Official Site of FYI News 13 Hazleton PA" . ssptv.com .
^ "WYLN TV 35" . www.wylntv.com .
^ US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Poverty Data by Local Education Agency, 2011
^ proximityone (2014). "School District Comparative Analysis Profiles" .
^ " Locate Us ." Hazleton Area School District . Retrieved on July 18, 2016.
^ "The Greater Hazleton Historical Society Museum" . hazletonmuseum.org . Archived from the original on 2011-07-15 . Retrieved 2011-04-16 .
^ "Russ Canzler Stats" . MLB.com . Retrieved June 3, 2017 .
^ Inc., Baseball Almanac. "Carl Duser Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac" . www.baseball-almanac.com .
^ "Carl Duser Stats - Baseball-Reference.com" . Baseball-Reference.com .
Municipalities and communities of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania , United States
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Hazleton is a city in Luzerne County , Pennsylvania , United States. The population was 25,340 at the 2010 census . Hazleton is the second largest city in Luzerne County. [3] It was incorporated as a borough on January 5, 1857, and as a city on December 4, 1891.
During the height of the American Revolution , in the summer of 1780, British sympathizers (known as Tories ) began attacking the outposts of American revolutionaries located along the Susquehanna River in the Wyoming Valley . Because of reports of Tory activity in the region, Captain Daniel Klader and a platoon of 41 men from Northampton County were sent to investigate. They traveled north from the Lehigh Valley along a path known as "Warrior's Trail" (which is present-day Pennsylvania Route 93 ). This route connects the Lehigh River in Jim Thorpe (formerly known as Mauch Chunk) to the Susquehanna River in Berwick .
Captain Klader's men made it as far north as present-day Conyngham , when they were ambushed by Tory militiamen and members of the Seneca tribe . In all, 15 men were killed on September 11, 1780, in what is now known as the Sugarloaf Massacre .
The Moravians , a Christian denomination , had been using "Warrior's Trail" since the early 18th century after the Moravian missionary Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf first used it to reach the Wyoming Valley. This particular stretch of "Warrior's Trail" had an abundance of hazel trees. Though the Moravians called the region "St. Anthony's Wilderness," it eventually became known as "Hazel Swamp," a name which had been used previously by the Native Americans . The Moravian missionaries were sent from their settlements in Bethlehem to the site of the Sugarloaf Massacre to bury the dead soldiers. Some Moravians decided to stay, and in 1782, they built a settlement (St. Johns) along the Nescopeck Creek , which is near the present-day intersection of Interstates 80 and 81 . [4]
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the "Warrior Trail" was revamped and widened. It was renamed the Berwick Turnpike. Later, a road was built to connect Wilkes-Barre to McKeansburg . This road intersected with the Berwick Turnpike. An entrepreneur named Jacob Drumheller decided that this intersection was the perfect location for a rest stop , so in 1809, he built the first building in what would later be known as Hazleton. Though a few buildings and houses were erected nearby, the area remained a dense wilderness for nearly 20 years. At the time, the area offered little more than small-scale logging . Jacob Drumheller is buried at Conyngham Union Cemetery.
In 1818, anthracite coal deposits were discovered in nearby Beaver Meadows by prospectors Nathaniel Beach and Tench Coxe . This caught the attention of railroad developers in Philadelphia . A young engineer from New York (named Ariovistus "Ario" Pardee ) was hired to survey the topography of Beaver Meadows and report the practicality of extending a railroad from the Lehigh River Canal (in Jim Thorpe) to Beaver Meadows. Pardee, knowing that the area of Beaver Meadows was already controlled by Coxe and Beach, bought many acres of the land in present-day Hazleton. The investment proved to be extraordinarily lucrative. The land contained part of a massive anthracite coal field. Pardee will forever be known as the founding father of Hazleton because of many of these contributions and particularly because he laid out the patch town that would one day become Hazleton. [5]
Pardee incorporated the Hazleton Coal Company in 1836, the same year the rail link to the Lehigh Valley market was on the brink of being completed. The Hazleton Coal Company built the first school on Church Street, where Hazleton City Hall is now located. Pardee also built the first church in Hazleton (located at the intersection of Church and Broad Streets) and the first private school in Hazleton (located on the south side of Broad Street between Wyoming and Laurel Streets). [6] Ario Pardee died in 1892. The following year (1893), his son, Israel Platt Pardee, built a 3-story, 19-room mansion in Hazleton; it would later be added to the National Register of Historic Places (in 1984).
The coal industry attracted many immigrants for labor. The first wave (in the 1840s and 1850s) consisted mostly of German and Irish immigrants. The second wave (from the 1860s to the 1920s) consisted mostly of Italian, Polish, Russian, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Montenegrin immigrants. The coal mined in Hazleton helped establish the United States as a world industrial power, primarily fueling the massive blast furnaces at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation . [7]
Many small company towns , often referred to by locals as "patch towns" or "patches," surrounded Hazleton. They were built by coal companies to provide housing for the miners and their families. The following is a list of “patch towns” in and around Hazleton:
Hazleton was incorporated as a borough on January 5, 1857. “Hazelton” was intended to be the borough's name, but a clerk misspelled it during its incorporation, and the name "Hazleton" has been used ever since. The borough's first fire company , the Pioneer Fire Company, was organized in 1867 by soldiers returning home from the American Civil War . Hazleton was incorporated as a city on December 4, 1891. At the time, the population was estimated to be around 14,000 people. In 1891, Hazleton became the third city in the United States to establish a citywide electric grid.
On September 10, 1897, the Lattimer Massacre occurred near Hazleton. It resulted in the deaths of 19 unarmed striking miners of the Lattimer mine. [8] [9] The miners, mostly of Polish , Slovak , Lithuanian , and German ethnicity, were shot and killed by a Luzerne County sheriff's posse . Scores more were wounded. [10] The massacre was a turning point in the history of the United Mine Workers (UMW). [11]
Hazleton was also struck by several mining disasters. Notable among these were the cave-ins at Sheppton , Jeanesville, and Stockton.
Mining disasters were not the only tragedies. In October 1888, a train crash killed 66 people near Mud Run when one passenger train crashed into the rear of another train on their way to White Haven. It was one of the worst train wrecks recorded in United States history. [12]
Leading into the 20th century, Hazleton's population drastically changed. The "boom period" in population was 1885 to 1920. In 1860 there were only about one thousand people in Hazleton, but by 1880 there were nearly seven thousand people which quickly became thirty-two thousand by 1920. The population peaked in 1940 at thirty-eight thousand.
With increased population came increased business, from downtown storefronts to large campuses like Penn State Hazleton. [13]
Before World War II anthracite coal flourished as a major provider of fuel for the nation. After the war the demand for coal began to decline as natural gas and electricity became preferred power sources; coal became a less needed commodity. Also devastating to Hazleton's coal industry were two hurricanes (Diane and Hazel). They flooded the mines and brought an end to Hazleton's deep mining. Unemployment soared, reaching 25-30%. With the demise of deep mining, strip mining would be utilized as long as it was economically advantageous. A new era was about to be born: the era of business and industry. [6]
Some industry preceded the demise of coal. The Duplan Silk Corporation opened in Hazleton (1899) and became the world's largest silk mill. [14] The garment industry thrived and was invested in by New York mobster Albert Anastasia . [15]
In 1947, Autolite Corporation was looking to expand operations in the East and had been looking into Hazleton. Officials from Autolite came to the area and surveyed the land. In their report, they noted that Hazleton was a "mountain wilderness" with no major water route, rail route, trucking route, or airport. In response, several area leaders gathered to address these problems.
CAN-DO (Community Area New Development Organization) was formally organized in 1956 by founder Dr. Edgar L. Dessen. Their main goal was to raise money, through their "Dime A Week" campaign, in which area residents were encouraged to put a dime on their sidewalk each week to be collected by CAN-DO. The company raised over $250,000 and was able to purchase over 500 acres (2.0 km 2 ) of land, which was converted into an industrial park.
Because of CAN-DO's efforts, Hazleton was given the All-America City Award in 1964. Hazleton's economy is now based largely on manufacturing and shipping, facilitated by the relative closeness to Interstates 80 and 81 . Five Pennsylvania highways also run through the Hazleton area (including Pennsylvania Route 309 , Pennsylvania Route 93 , Pennsylvania Route 924 , Pennsylvania Route 424 , and Pennsylvania Route 940 ).
An article published in December 2002 (by U.S. News & World Report ) was entitled "Letter from Pennsylvania: A town in need of a tomorrow," which reported Hazleton's shortcomings to the world. It was criticized by local politicians and business leaders alike, and again prompted local leaders to address the problems facing the community.
The city experienced a demographic shift in the first years of the 21st century with the arrival of new immigrants. [16]
In 2006, Hazleton gained national attention as Republican Mayor Lou Barletta and council members passed the Illegal Immigration Relief Act. [17] This ordinance was instituted to discourage hiring or renting to illegal immigrants. Initially, the ordinance levied an administrative fine of $100.00 per illegal immigrant rented to and a loss of permits for non-compliance. [18] Another act passed concurrently made English the official language of Hazleton. [19]
Mayor Lou Barletta of Hazleton es
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