Has The Secretary
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Has The Secretary
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Head of the United States Department of State
^ "Protocol Reference" . United States Department of State . Retrieved January 31, 2021 .
^ "UNITED NATIONS HEADS OF STATE, Protocol and Liaison Service" (PDF) . United Nations . January 29, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 14, 2020 . Retrieved January 31, 2021 .
^ "3 U.S. Code § 19 – Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act" . Cornell Law School .
^ Jump up to: a b 5 U.S.C. § 5312 .
^ "Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs" , Protocol and Liaison Service, United Nations . Retrieved November 2, 2012.
^ NATO Member Countries , NATO . Retrieved November 2, 2012.
^ "Cabinets and Counselors: The President and the Executive Branch" (1997). Congressional Quarterly . p. 87.
^ "Salary Table No. 2021-EX Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule (EX)" (PDF) .
^ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress – 1st Session" . www.senate.gov . Retrieved January 31, 2021 .
^ Short 1923 , pp. 55–56.
^ "1 United States Statutes at Large, Chapter 4, Section 1" .
^ Jump up to: a b "Duties of the Secretary of State" . U.S. Department of State . Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
^ Ford, Worthington C. , ed. (1927). Statesman and Friend: Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784–1822 . Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company . p. 57 .
^ "Administrative Timeline of the Department of State - Department History - Office of the Historian" . history.state.gov . Retrieved January 10, 2022 .
^ "Duties of the Secretary of State of the United States" . www.state.gov . United States Department of State. January 20, 2009 . Retrieved March 28, 2010 .
^ "3 U.S. Code § 20 – Resignation or refusal of office" . LII / Legal Information Institute . Retrieved January 31, 2021 .
^ "H.R.3212 - 113th Congress (2013-2014): Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2014" . www.congress.gov . August 8, 2014 . Retrieved May 1, 2022 .
^ Stone, Andrea (August 12, 2014). "Why Do Secretaries of State Make Such Terrible Presidential Candidates?" . Smithsonian Magazine . Retrieved September 15, 2021 . {{ cite magazine }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )
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This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 23 February 2010 ( 2010-02-23 ) , and does not reflect subsequent edits.
* Ineligible to act as president • ** Ambiguity exists concerning eligibility to act as president
The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State . The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Cabinet , and ranks the first in the U.S. presidential line of succession among Cabinet secretaries.
Created in 1789 with Thomas Jefferson as its first office holder, the secretary of state represents the United States to foreign countries, and is therefore considered analogous to a foreign minister in other countries. [5] [6] The secretary of state is nominated by the president of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations , is confirmed by the United States Senate . The secretary of state, along with the secretary of the treasury , secretary of defense , and attorney general , are generally regarded as the four most crucial Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments. [7]
Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level ( US$ 221,400, as of January 2021). [8] [4] The current secretary of state is Antony Blinken , who was confirmed on January 26, 2021 by the Senate by a vote of 78–22. [9]
The secretary of state originates from the government under the Articles of Confederation . The Congress of the Confederation established the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1781 and created the office of secretary of foreign affairs. [10] After the Constitution of the United States was ratified, the 1st United States Congress reestablished the department, renaming it the Department of State, and created the office of secretary of state to lead the department. [11]
The stated duties of the secretary of state are to supervise the United States foreign service and immigration policy and administer the Department of State. The secretary must also advise the president on U.S. foreign matters such as the appointment of diplomats and ambassadors, advising the president of the dismissal and recall of these people. The secretary of state can conduct negotiations, interpret, and terminate treaties relating to foreign policy. The secretary also can participate in international conferences, organizations, and agencies as a representative of the United States. The secretary communicates issues relating to the U.S. foreign policy to Congress and citizens. The secretary also provides services to U.S. citizens living or traveling abroad such as providing credentials in the form of passports. Doing this, the secretary also ensures the protection of citizens, their property, and interests in foreign countries. [12]
What are the Qualifications of a Secretary of State? He ought to be a Man of universal Reading in Laws, Governments, History. Our whole terrestrial Universe ought to be summarily comprehended in his Mind.
Secretaries of state also have domestic responsibilities, entrusted in 1789, when the position was first created. These include the protection and custody of the Great Seal of the United States , and the preparation of some presidential proclamations . In the process of extraditing fugitives to or from the country, the secretary serves as the channel of communication between foreign governments, the federal government, and the states. [12]
Most of the domestic functions of the Department of State were gradually transferred to other agencies by the late 19th century as part of various administrative reforms and restructurings. [14] Those that remain include storage and use of the Great Seal, performance of protocol functions for the White House , and the drafting of certain proclamations. The secretary also negotiates with the individual states over the extradition of fugitives to foreign countries. [15] Under federal law, the resignation of a president or of a vice president is valid only if declared in writing, in an instrument delivered to the office of the secretary of state. [16] Accordingly, the resignations of President Richard Nixon and of Vice President Spiro Agnew were formalized in instruments delivered to then-Secretary of State Henry Kissinger .
Although they have historically decreased over time, Congress may occasionally add to the responsibilities of the secretary of state. One such instance occurred in 2014, when Congress passed the Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act which mandated actions the Secretary of State must take in order to facilitate the return of abducted children from nations who are party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction . [17]
As the highest-ranking member of the cabinet, the secretary of state is the third-highest official of the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president and vice president, and is fourth in line to succeed the presidency , after the vice president , the speaker of the House of Representatives , and the president pro tempore of the Senate .
Six past secretaries of state – Jefferson , Madison , Monroe , John Quincy Adams , Van Buren and Buchanan – have gone on to be elected president. Others, including Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , Lewis Cass , John C. Calhoun , John M. Clayton , William L. Marcy , William Seward , Edward Everett , Jeremiah S. Black , James Blaine , Elihu B. Washburne , Thomas F. Bayard , John Sherman , Walter Q. Gresham , William Jennings Bryan , Philander C. Knox , Charles Evans Hughes , Elihu Root , Cordell Hull , Edmund Muskie , Alexander Haig , John Kerry , and Hillary Clinton have also campaigned as presidential candidates, either before or after their term of office as Secretary of State, but were ultimately unsuccessful. The position of Secretary of State has therefore been viewed to be a consolation prize for failed presidential candidates. [18]
Mr. Secretary (informal) The Honorable [1] (formal) His Excellency [2] (diplomatic)
July 27, 1789 ; 233 years ago ( 1789-07-27 )
Home / Job Market / Duties And Responsibilities of a Secretary (Too Many!)
A secretary schedules meetings, answers calls, arranges meetings, events, accommodation, etc.
A secretary manages memberships, takes care of the payroll, stocks, and prepares drafts.
A secretary manages her boss's itinerary, assists in decision-making, and attends meetings.
A corporate secretary maintains records, advises seniors, and coordinates meetings.
A corporate secretary has to maintain proper relations with the shareholders.
A corporate secretary has to take care of the legal paperwork and file reports and documents.
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In recent years, the secretarial responsibilities have undergone a vast change. Due to this reason, many people are opting for a career as a secretary. If you are one of them, it is important for you to know the major responsibilities that a secretary has to handle.
In recent years, the secretarial responsibilities have undergone a vast change. Due to this reason, many people are opting for a career as a secretary. If you are one of them, it is important for you to know the major responsibilities that a secretary has to handle.
Earlier, the role of the secretaries was limited to taking notes from their bosses, typing, etc. However, with the advent of technology in companies and offices, these duties have extended to things that were meant for the managerial staff. Nowadays, employers prefer candidates who at least have a college degree. One can also enroll for specialization courses that train people to carry out their duties effectively. Though the role of a secretary differs according to the company, the basic secretarial profile is generally the same in every organization.
A secretary will have to take notes and dictation from the boss for drafting the correspondence or executing the work. She can either record the dictation and transcribe it later or write it down.
She will have to keep a record of appointments and ensure that each one is conducted smoothly and on time. Follow up for attendance, venue booking, arranging notepads, pencils, water bottles, glasses, etc. are also the duties of a secretary.
Many times, she will have to conduct research for the reporting authority and carry out oral and written communication with staff members as well as clients on the behalf of her boss or department.
Handling difficult situations without any assistance is one of the prime duties of a secretary. A secretary might face managerial or administration problems; she has to sort them out on her own without the interference of the senior management.
One of the prime duties of a secretary is to arrange for the travel and boarding requirements of the boss or staff. This needs to be done flawlessly and meticulously especially when foreign travel and hotel bookings are involved. A minute-to-minute itinerary should be prepared for the convenience of the travelers.
Organizing fun employee engagement activities and events for the department is not a secretary’s core activity, but it can definitely help in honing her leadership prowess.
It is the duty of the secretary to maintain the archives of documents and paperwork regarding foreign delegation visits, customer visits, inaugurations, new product launches, activities, events, etc.
A secretary has to ensure timely and accurate delivery, and pick up of important office material. Items to be couriered should be sent on time, tracked and followed up for efficient delivery.
A secretary answers the calls for her boss. She also screens the list of callers and relays the messages to the boss or leaves messages at his desk on the ‘While you were out cards’.
A secretary also undertakes the responsibility of maintaining guest relations. She welcomes the visitors and makes them comfortable by offering refreshments. She might also require to book dinner reservations or accommodation for the guests.
It is the duty of the secretary to manage and renew memberships to various business forums, institutes, societies, etc. She will also have to renew the subscriptions of various publications that the reporting authority has subscribed to.
Keeps a tab on the available stock of office supplies, stationery, office equipment, etc. and makes arrangement for placing a new order.
In a small organization, a secretary might also have to undertake payroll related activities.
A secretary has to maintain a diary to follow the time-bound schedule of her boss and enlist his appointments accordingly. At the end of each day, she has to inform the boss about the next day’s schedule.
A secretary will have to act as a liaison between the department and her boss. She will have to give an accurate report of the departmental activities to the boss.
She may also have to help in the compilation of the MIS report, giving details of the efficiency of the department.
A secretary will have to write, edit and disseminate information through presentations, spreadsheets, letters, mails, minutes of the meetings, memos, itineraries, etc.
A secretary has to schedule, organize meetings and maintain a record of the agenda, minutes and maintain a follow-up of the tasks.
Sometimes, she will also have to assist in the compilation of the financial reports, budgets, plans, etc. of the department.
The secretary has to carry out general office administration duties from time to time.
Many times, special projects like 5S or small CSR activities will be allotted to the secretary. She will have to coordinate with the rest of the staff to make the project a grand success.
A secretary has to sort all the correspondence, prioritize and label it for the boss.
~ Trustworthy ~ Sound work ethics ~ Maintains good correspondence ~ Basic knowledge of computer ~ Business communication ~ Self-motivated ~ Pleasant disposition ~ Presentable personality ~ Multitasking abilities ~ Organizing and Planning skills ~ Initiative ~ Interpersonal skills ~ Tenacity
Though both are two diverse fields, people often get confused between a secretary and a corporate secretary. A secretary is an office administration position while a corporate secretary is a senior managerial position. A corporate secretary ensures that the company meets the statutory and regulatory compliance. She also keeps the board members informed about their legal responsibilities and obligations. You can become a corporate secretary by getting a certificate or an Associate degree in the subject. A course or degree in law will be an added advantage.
Arranging Meetings One of the key responsibilities of a corporate secretary is to organize and schedule meetings according to the State Corporate Laws. This includes board and committee meetings, annual meeting of shareholders, etc.
A corporate secretary has to inform the board of directors and shareholders about meetings and their agenda. He/She has to make a detailed note of the proceedings of the entire meeting, including documenting the activity and the matters discussed during the meetings by writing down the minutes and maintaining a meeting attendance log. Once the meeting is over, she has to file the records properly and convey the decisions of the meeting to the other employees.
A corporate secretary should advice the board members and ensure that they have the right guidance and resources for carrying out their duties towards the shareholders as per the State Law.
A corporate secretary has to act as a point of contact between the company and all the securities markets, where the shares of the organization are listed. She has to check the mandatory requirements of various markets and cater to them accordingly.
A corporate secretary has to maintain accurate and up-to-date records for the various functions, decisions and actions of the company.
She also maintains shareholder relations by responding to their inquiries and escalating their communication to the directors.
A corporate secretary acts as a corporate liaison for transfer and replacement of stock certificates. She maintains a record and documentation of the stock certificates. She is also answerable to the shareholders if they have any doubts regarding the same.
A corporate secretary provides advice on issues related to corporate governance. In some organizations, the corporate secretary who carries out this specialist role, is also called Corporate Governance Officer. She is also in charge of the company’s corporate governance guidelines, policies and principles.
A corporate secretary has to communicate with the shareholders from time to time. She has to prepare, publish and send the annual reports, circulars, notices and notifications about meetings to the shareholders. She has to publicize the matters that require essential disclosures.
When the company appoints a new director, it is not only the responsibility of the corporate secretary to guide him, but also to organize special training programs for him. She may also look into the governance procedure for re-election of the directors.
The secretary will have to administer the code of corporate conduct, frame different policies, prepare policy guideline manuals and ensure that compliance is being met.
A secretary has to ensure that the statutory and regulatory requirements are met. She is also instrumental in filing the mandatory reports, documents and statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
A corporate secretary has to look after the compliance of the federal and state governance laws, corporate and securities laws, and other legal compliance of the company.
A corporate secretary has to ensure that the management is following the statutory requirements for activities like issuing shares, governance of the subsidiary companies, dividend declaration, ac
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