Has The Secretary
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Has The Secretary
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This article is about the occupation of an assistant. For the position of leadership, see Secretary (title) . For other uses, see Secretary (disambiguation) .
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^ "Secretary Job Information | National Careers Service" . Nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk. January 27, 2012 . Retrieved February 3, 2014 .
^ Jump up to: a b Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. pp. 458–460. ISBN 978-0-306-82020-5 .
^ Robert III, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised In Brief (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. pp. 142–151. ISBN 978-0-306-82019-9 .
^ "Secretaries and Administrative Assistants : Occupational Outlook Handbook : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics" . Bls.gov. March 29, 2012 . Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
^ "Secretary - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary" . Merriam-webster.com. August 31, 2012 . Retrieved February 3, 2014 .
^ Mullaney, Marie Marmo; Hilbert, Rosemary C. (February 2018). "Educating Women for Self-Reliance and Economic Opportunity: The Strategic Entrepreneurialism of the Katharine Gibbs Schools, 1911–1968" . History of Education Quarterly . 58 (1): 65–93. doi : 10.1017/heq.2017.49 . ISSN 0018-2680 .
^ Weiss, J (1981). "Educating for clerical work: The nineteenth-century private commercial school". Journal of Social History . 14 : 416.
^ Scot, Barbara (September 29, 1967). "Secretaries wanted across the Atlantic" . The Glasgow Herald . p. 9.
^ Seebohm, Caroline (July 19, 1971). "English Girls in New York: They Don't Go Home Again" . New York . pp. 34–38.
^ "Secretaries/typists" . NHS Careers . Retrieved January 1, 2012 .
^ Rampell, Catherine (September 9, 2014). "The college degree has become the new high school degree" . The Washington Post . Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
^ Military Assistant/Executive Officer Handbook . Retrieved on 11 June 2013.
A secretary , administrative professional , or personal assistant is a person whose work consists of supporting management , including executives, using a variety of project management , communication , or organizational skills. However this role should not be confused with the role of an executive secretary , who differs from a personal assistant.
The functions of a personal assistant may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit of more than one. In other situations a secretary is an officer of a society or organization who deals with correspondence , admits new members, and organizes official meetings and events. [1] [2] [3]
A secretary, also known as a personal assistant (PA) or administrative assistant , has many administrative duties. The title "secretary" is not used as often as in decades past, and responsibilities have evolved in response to the technological age, requiring knowledge in software such as the Microsoft Office suite of applications. The duties may vary according to the nature and size of the company or organization, and might include managing budgets, bookkeeping, attending telephone calls, handling visitors, maintaining websites, travel arrangements, and preparing expense reports. Secretaries might also manage all the administrative details of running a high-level conference or meeting and be responsible for arranging the catering for a lunch meeting. Often executives will ask their assistant to take the minutes at meetings and prepare meeting documents for review. [4] In addition to the minutes, the secretary may be responsible for keeping all of the official records of a company or organization. [2] A secretary is also regarded as an "office manager".
The term is derived from the Latin word secernere , "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle ( secretum ) meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word secret. A secretarius was a person, therefore, overseeing business confidentially, usually for a powerful individual (a king, pope, etc.). As the duties of a modern secretary often still include the handling of confidential information, the literal meaning of their title still holds true. [5]
From the Renaissance until the late 19th century, men involved in the daily correspondence and the activities of the powerful had assumed the title of secretary.
With time, like many titles, the term was applied to more and varied functions, leading to compound titles to specify various secretarial work better, like general secretary or financial secretary . Just "secretary" remained in use either as an abbreviation when clear in the context or for relatively modest positions such as administrative assistant of the officer(s) in charge, either individually or as member of a secretariat. As such less influential posts became more feminine and common with the multiplication of bureaucracies in the public and private sectors, new words were also coined to describe them, such as personal assistant .
In the 1840s and 1850s, commercial schools were emerging to train male and female students the skills needed to work in a clerical position. [6] In 1870, Sir Isaac Pitman founded a school where students could qualify as shorthand writers to "professional and commercial men". Originally, this school was only for male students. In 1871, there were more than 150 such schools operating in the United States, a number that grew to as many as 500 by the 1890’s. [7]
In the 1880s, with the invention of the typewriter , more women began to enter the field and during the upcoming years, especially since World War I , the role of secretary has been primarily associated with women. By the 1930s, fewer men were entering the field of secretaries.
In an effort to promote professionalism among United States secretaries, the National Secretaries Association was created in 1942. Today, this organization is known as the International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP). The organization developed the first standardized test for office workers called the Certified Professional Secretaries Examination (CPS). It was first administered in 1951.
By the mid-20th century, the need for secretaries was great and offices and organizations featured large secretarial pools . In some cases the demand was great enough to spur secretaries being recruited from overseas; in particular, there was often a steady demand for young British women to come to the U.S. and fill temporary or permanent secretarial positions. [8] Several organizations were created to assist secretaries from foreign lands, including the Society of International Secretaries and the Association of British Secretaries in America . [9]
In 1952, Mary Barrett, president of the National Secretaries Association, C. King Woodbridge, president of Dictaphone Corporation, and American businessman Harry F. Klemfuss created a special Secretary's Day holiday, to recognize the hard work of the staff in the office. The holiday caught on, and during the fourth week of April is now celebrated in offices all over the world. It has been renamed " Administrative Professional's Week " to highlight the increased responsibility of today's secretary and other administrative workers, and to avoid embarrassment to those who believe that "secretary" refers only to women or to unskilled workers.
In a business, many job descriptions overlap. However, while administrative assistant is a generic term, not necessarily implying directly working for a superior, a secretary is usually the key person for all administrative tasks, and often referred to as the "gate keeper". Other titles describing jobs similar to or overlapping those of the traditional secretary are Office Coordinator, Executive Assistant, Office Manager and Administrative Professional.
In the United States, a variety of skills and adaptability to new situations is necessary. As such, a four-year degree is often preferred and a two-year degree is usually a requirement. Another option is to get a professional certification from a national association. [ citation needed ]
The work of an executive assistant (sometimes called a management assistant) differs a great deal from that of an administrative assistant. In many organizations, an executive assistant is a high-ranking position in the administrative hierarchy. Executive assistants work for a company officer or executive (at both private and public institutions), and possess the authority to make crucial decisions affecting the direction of such organizations. As such, executive assistants play a role in decision-making and policy setting. The executive assistant performs the usual roles of managing correspondence, preparing research, and communication, often with one or more administrative assistants or scheduling assistants who report to him or her. The executive assistant also acts as the "gatekeeper", understanding in varying degree the requirements of the executive, and with an ability through this understanding to decide which scheduled events, meetings, teleconferences, or e-mails are most appropriate for allocation of the executive's time.
An executive assistant may, from time to time, act as proxy for the executives, representing him/her/them in meetings or communications and project managing the production of reports or other deliverables in the absence of the executive. An executive assistant differs from an administrative assistant (a job which is often part of the career path of an executive assistant) in that they are expected to possess a higher degree of business acumen, be able to manage projects, as well as have the ability to influence others on behalf of the executive. In the past, executive assistants were required to have a high school diploma , but increasingly jobs are requiring a bachelor's degree . [11]
In the U.S. Department of Defense , the title of military assistant (MA) or executive assistant (EA) is typically held by Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps colonels , lieutenant colonels , and senior majors and Navy captains , commanders and senior lieutenant commanders who are in direct support of the Secretary of Defense , Deputy Secretary of Defense and other civilian defense officials down to the level of a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense , as well as general officers or flag officers .
The Secretary of Defense also has a lieutenant general or vice admiral as his/her senior military assistant.
Like their civilian counterparts, EAs are also a resource in decision-making, policy setting, and will have leadership oversight of the entire military and civilian staff supporting the civilian official, general officer, or flag officer. EAs are often interchangeable with other senior military officers of equivalent rank holding the title of chief of staff in other service organizations headed by a flag officer or general officer. In the case of unified combatant commands and service major commands, the Chief of Staff is often a general officer or flag officer himself/herself, typically at the 1-star or 2-star level, but he or she should not be confused with the 4-star officers holding the title of Chief of Staff of the Army or Chief of Staff of the Air Force . [12]
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Profession Secretary : history, responsibilities, the pros and cons...
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Secretarial Practice: Definition, Importance and Qualifications
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Secretary — enterprising office worker, entrusted with a broad range of responsibilities: that and answering phone calls, and registration of correspondence, and organization of meetings, and record keeping, as well as the fulfillment of all instructions of the head and make independent decisions within its competence.
The purpose of the labor Secretary – to provide effective management and administrative activities of the company.
The term "Secretary" are people of different professions:
In addition to the above major fields of work of the Secretary, additional distinguished names of the profession, which are some of the features.
If you lift the curtain of history and go in search of the answer to the question: where did the beginning of the profession "Secretary", it, most likely, the path will lead us to the clerks and chroniclers. These people were engaged in correspondence, led the entry of the orders and decrees of the king, fixed events in chronological order.
State and political figures are also difficult to do without an assistant . In Russia, secretarial work introduced by Peter I in 1720 year, presenting to the profession the high demands. The work of the Secretary was entrusted to people with knowledge of the laws, the presence of education and knowledge of all the subtleties of the profession.
With 1840 year, the leaders of many enterprises began to assign to his assistant personal Secretary. However, people without special skills to this position did not take. So, began to open secretarial courses. Interestingly, at first they appeared in Kharkov, and in the U.S. just eleven years later.
Scientific and technical progress was developing rapidly: carbon paper and typewriters in the past, giving today's workplace Secretary modern computers, Fax and other office equipment.
The official "Secretary" is usually celebrated on the last Wednesday of full week of April.
Profession, no doubt, has the advantage in the benefits:
A candidate for the profession, first of all, should:
Managers of small firms want, to the Secretary:
More reputable companies the responsibilities of the Secretary may be much wider. The clerk asked:
The Registrar has to do the paperwork.
In some companies, the post of Secretary to be responsible for anything not necessary, in others, it encumbered the material and disciplinary liability, in addition to the workload of their duties.
In case of loss by the Secretary of any important documents, to administrative responsibility will be involved not an expert, a legal entity, ie. company.
The Secretary may be a financially responsible person to monitor the presence of material assets, located in the office in his sub-report: furniture, office equipment and other.
The Director is obliged to provide all necessary information in order, to the Secretary could cope with the task. This also applies to confidential data.
The Secretary may discuss with the head of questions about his vision, how to improve their work and the work of the organization.
clerkship – women privilege. It is their leaders want to see his assistants. This is due to women's ability to be flexible, prevent aggression boss, to capture his attitude and personality. Beautiful half will be able to do a comfortable business office and impress the partners.
However, man can lay claim to the post of assistant, getting a job in the majors.
Some companies see the positions of the Secretary person with knowledge of foreign languages.
If you ask the leaders of various enterprises, what character traits should be endowed with his personal Secretary, we can assume , their answer will be unambiguous:
In addition, note presentable appearance, beautiful speech, a good memory.
After communicating with the company Secretary the visitor will have to be sure, here will help him to solve his question.
The position of Secretary of enveloped in myths about the difficulties, related career. Partly, it is. But this is only partly – it all depends on each person.
Someone is already using 1-2 years manifests itself from the best side and confidently moves forward to meet the numerous prospects, and someone and the post of Secretary is a lot.
Clever and enterprising employees can look for a more respectable place within the same company, such as becoming an assistant manager, and after the manager or director.
Secretary needed in a large company, and in the enterprise, working in small business.
One cannot call what is a fixed amount, if we talk about average salary of people, occupying the position of Secretary.
State institutions do not treat their clerks high wages and pay them about 300 $ . But, if you go to work in big foreign company, it is possible to increase the income to 1000 $ .
When applying for a vacancy as an assistant Manager treat people with higher education or a certificate of completion of a specialized training centre for secretaries. Sometimes the training can take place in the company, which agreed to employ you.
Worked as a secretary can do without higher education, but solid companies want to see their team graduates with knowledge of the proceedings, Ethics of business communication, psychology, shorthand and speed reading, ability to work in 1C and skillfully managed with office equipment.
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