Halley

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Halley
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Short-period comet visible every 75–76 years

^ Jump up to: a b c "Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000030) on 2023-Dec-09" (Aphelion occurs when rdot flips from positive to negative). JPL Horizons . Archived from the original on 1 July 2022 . Retrieved 1 July 2022 . (JPL#73 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-07)

^ Jump up to: a b DNews (3 September 2013). "Let's Plan For a Rendezvous With Halley's Comet" . Seeker . Retrieved 29 October 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000030) on 2061-Jul-28" (Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive @ 2061-Jul-28 17:20 UT). JPL Horizons . Archived from the original on 27 May 2022 . Retrieved 28 June 2022 . (JPL#73 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-07)

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1P/Halley" (11 January 1994 last obs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015 . Retrieved 28 June 2022 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d "1P/Halley Orbit" . Minor Planet Center . Archived from the original on 4 July 2022 . Retrieved 28 June 2022 . (epoch 451 is 79.29 years)

^ Jump up to: a b c "What Have We Learned About Halley's Comet?" . Astronomical Society of the Pacific (No. 6 – Fall 1986). 1986 . Retrieved 16 December 2008 .

^ Jump up to: a b Cevolani, Giordano; Bortolotti, Giuseppe; Hajduk, Anton (1987). "Halley, comet's mass loss and age". Il Nuovo Cimento C . Società Italiana di Fisica [Italian Physical Society]. 10 (5): 587–591. Bibcode : 1987NCimC..10..587C . doi : 10.1007/BF02507255 . S2CID 120603847 .

^ Jump up to: a b Sagdeev, Roald Z.; Elyasberg, Pavel E.; Moroz, Vasily I. (1988). "Is the nucleus of Comet Halley a low density body?". Nature . 331 (6153): 240–242. Bibcode : 1988Natur.331..240S . doi : 10.1038/331240a0 . S2CID 4335780 .

^ Peale, Stanton J. (1989). "On the density of Halley's comet". Icarus . 82 (1): 36–49. Bibcode : 1989Icar...82...36P . doi : 10.1016/0019-1035(89)90021-3 . densities obtained by this procedure are in reasonable agreement with intuitive expectations of densities near 1 g/cm3, the uncertainties in several parameters and assumptions expand the error bars so far as to make the constraints on the density uniformative ... suggestion that cometary nuclei tend to by very fluffy, ... should not yet be adopted as a paradigm of cometary physics.

^ Peale, Stanton J.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1989). "Rotation of Halley's Comet". Icarus . 79 (2): 396–430. Bibcode : 1989Icar...79..396P . doi : 10.1016/0019-1035(89)90085-7 .

^ Britt, Robert Roy (29 November 2001). "Comet Borrelly Puzzle: Darkest Object in the Solar System" . Space.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 . Retrieved 16 December 2008 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "New Image of Comet Halley in the Cold" . European Southern Observatory. 1 September 2003 . Retrieved 26 February 2018 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Delehanty, Marc. "Comets, awesome celestial objects" . AstronomyToday . Archived from the original on 4 September 2011 . Retrieved 15 March 2007 .

^ Halley, Edmund (1705). A synopsis of the astronomy of comets . Oxford: John Senex . Retrieved 16 June 2020 – via Internet Archive.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mendis, D. Asoka (1988). "A Postencounter view of comets". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics . 26 (1): 11–49. Bibcode : 1988ARA&A..26...11M . doi : 10.1146/annurev.aa.26.090188.000303 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Keller, Horst Uwe; Britt, Daniel; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Thomas, Nicolas (2005). "In Situ Observations of Cometary Nuclei" (PDF) . In Festou, Michel; Keller, Horst Uwe; Weaver, Harold A. (eds.). Comets II . University of Arizona Press. pp. 211–222. ISBN 978-0-8165-2450-1 .

^ "Halley" . Merriam–Webster Online . Retrieved 21 December 2009 .

^ Ridpath, Ian (1985). "Saying Hallo to Halley" . Revised extracts from "A Comet Called Halley" by Ian Ridpath, published by Cambridge University Press in 1985 . Retrieved 8 May 2015 .

^ That is, with the vowel of hall and in some accents homophonous with holly .

^ "New York Times Science Q&A" . The New York Times . 14 May 1985 . Retrieved 9 January 2011 .

^ Lancaster-Brown, Peter; Halley & His Comet , pp. 14, 25

^ Lancaster-Brown, Peter; Halley & His Comet , p. 35

^ Jump up to: a b Lancaster-Brown, Peter; Halley & His Comet , p. 76

^ Jump up to: a b Ley, Willy (October 1967). "The Worst of All the Comets" . For Your Information. Galaxy Science Fiction . pp. 96–105.

^ Lancaster-Brown, Peter; Halley & His Comet , p. 78

^ Yeomans, Donald Keith; Rahe, Jürgen; Freitag, Ruth S. (1986). "The History of Comet Halley". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada . 80 : 81. Bibcode : 1986JRASC..80...62Y .

^ Lancaster-Brown, Peter; Halley & His Comet , p. 80

^ Lancaster-Brown, Peter; Halley & His Comet , p. 86

^ Sagan, Carl ; Druyan, Ann ; Comet , p. 74

^ Lancaster-Brown, Peter; Halley & His Comet , pp. 84–85

^ Jump up to: a b c d Hughes, David W.; et al. (1987). "The History of Halley's Comet". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A . 323 (1572): 349–367. Bibcode : 1987RSPTA.323..349H . doi : 10.1098/rsta.1987.0091 . JSTOR 37959 . S2CID 123592786 .

^ Brodetsky, Selig . "Astronomy in the Babylonian Talmud". Jewish Review . 1911 : 60.

^ "Tractate Horioth chapter 3" .

^ Rayner, John D. (1998). A Jewish Understanding of the World . Berghahn Books. pp. 108–111. ISBN 1-57181-973-8 .

^ Stephenson, F. Richard ; Yau, Kevin K. C., "Oriental tales of Halley's Comet", New Scientist , vol. 103, no. 1423, pp. 30–32, 27 September 1984 ISSN 0262-4079

^ Jump up to: a b c Yeomans, Donald Keith; Rahe, Jürgen; Freitag, Ruth S. (1986). "The History of Comet Halley". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada . 80 : 70. Bibcode : 1986JRASC..80...62Y .

^ Nakano, Syuichi (2001). "OAA computing sectioncircular" . Oriental Astronomical Association . Retrieved 15 May 2007 .

^ "Meteor Streams" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 15 March 2007 .

^ Mitra, Umasankar (1987). "An Investigation Into the Association Between Eta-Aquarid Meteor Shower and Halley's Comet". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India . 15 : 23. Bibcode : 1987BASI...15...23M .

^ Jump up to: a b c
Morbidelli, Alessandro (2005). "Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs". arXiv : astro-ph/0512256 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Jewitt, David C. (2002). "From Kuiper Belt Object to Cometary Nucleus: The Missing Ultrared Matter". The Astronomical Journal . 123 (2): 1039–49. Bibcode : 2002AJ....123.1039J . doi : 10.1086/338692 . S2CID 122240711 .

^ Fernández, Yanga R. (28 July 2015). "List of Jupiter-Family and Halley-Family Comets" . University of Central Florida: Physics . Retrieved 6 September 2015 .

^ Gladman, Brett J. ; et al. (2009). "Discovery of the first retrograde transneptunian object" . The Astrophysical Journal . 697 (2): L91–L94. Bibcode : 2009ApJ...697L..91G . doi : 10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/L91 .

^ Jump up to: a b Olsson-Steel, Duncan I. (1987). "The dynamical lifetime of comet P/Halley". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 187 (1–2): 909–912. Bibcode : 1987A&A...187..909O .

^ Yeomans, Donald Keith (1991). Comets: A Chronological History of Observation, Science, Myth, and Folklore . Wiley and Sons. pp. 260–261 . ISBN 0-471-61011-9 .

^ Chirikov, Boris V. ; Vecheslavov, Vitold V. (1989). "Chaotic dynamics of comet Halley" (PDF) . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 221 (1): 146–154. Bibcode : 1989A&A...221..146C .

^ Lages, José; Shepelyansky, Dima L.; Shevchenko, Ivan I. (2018). "Kepler map" . Scholarpedia . 13 (2): 33238. Bibcode : 2018SchpJ..1333238L . doi : 10.4249/scholarpedia.33238 .

^ Williams, Matt (12 June 2015). "WHAT IS HALLEY'S COMET?" . Universe today .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Brandt, John C. "McGraw−Hill AccessScience: Halley's Comet" . McGraw-Hill . Retrieved 27 November 2009 .

^ Crovisier, Jacques; Encrenaz, Thérèse (2000). Comet Science . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64591-1 .

^ Woods, Thomas N.; Feldman, Paul D.; Dymond, Kenneth F.; Sahnow, David J. (1986). "Rocket ultraviolet spectroscopy of comet Halley and abundance of carbon monoxide and carbon". Nature . 324 (6096): 436–438. Bibcode : 1986Natur.324..436W . doi : 10.1038/324436a0 . S2CID 4333809 .

^ Chyba, Christopher F. ; Sagan, Carl (1987). "Infrared emission by organic grains in the coma of comet Halley". Nature . 330 (6146): 350–353. Bibcode : 1987Natur.330..350C . doi : 10.1038/330350a0 . S2CID 4351413 .

^ "Giotto:Halley" . European Space Agency. 2006 . Retrieved 5 December 2009 .

^ Weaver, Harold A.; et al. (1997). "The Activity and Size of the Nucleus of Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1)". Science . 275 (5308): 1900–1904. Bibcode : 1997Sci...275.1900W . doi : 10.1126/science.275.5308.1900 . PMID 9072959 . S2CID 25489175 .

^ "Voyages to Comets" . NASA. 2005 . Retrieved 5 December 2009 .

^ Rincon, Paul (10 September 2010). "Halley's comet 'was spotted by the ancient Greeks' " . BBC News .

^ Yeomans, Donald Keith (1991). Comets: A Chronological History of Observation, Science, Myth, and Folklore . Wiley and Sons. p. 4 . ISBN 0-471-61011-9 .

^ Vilyev, Mikhail Anatolyevich; 1917; "Investigations on the Theory of Motion of Halley's Comet", cited by Dubyago, Alexander Dmitriyevich ; 1961; "The Determination of Orbits", Ch. 1; The Macmillan Company, New York

^ Jump up to: a b Kronk, Gary W. (1999). Cometography, vol. 1: Ancient-1799 . Cambridge University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-521-58504-0 .

^ Stephenson, F. Richard; Yau, Kevin K. C.; Hunger, Hermann (1985). "Records of Halley's Comet on Babylonian tablets". Nature . 314 (6012): 587–592. Bibcode : 1985Natur.314..587S . doi : 10.1038/314587a0 . S2CID 33251962 .

^ Gurzadyan, Vahe G.; Vardanyan, Ruben (4 August 2004). "Halley's Comet of 87 BC on the coins of Armenian king Tigranes?". Astronomy & Geophysics . 45 (4): 4.06. arXiv : physics/0405073 . Bibcode : 2004A&G....45d...6G . doi : 10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.45406.x . S2CID 119357985 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Kronk, Gary W. "1P/Halley" . cometography.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017 . Retrieved 13 October 2008 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Yeomans, Donald Keith (1998). "Great Comets in History" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 15 March 2007 .

^ Jump up to: a b Chambers, George F. (1909). The Story of the Comets . The Clarenden Press. p. 123 .

^ Humphreys, Colin (1995). "The Star of Bethlehem" . Science and Christian Belief . 5 : 83–101.

^ "Horayot 10a:19" . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 14 February 2022 .

^ Ne'eman, Yuval (1983). "Astronomy in Israel: From Og's Circle to the Wise Observatory" . Tel-Aviv University . Retrieved 15 March 2007 .

^ Ravené, Gustave (1897). "The Appearance of Halley's Comet in AD 141". The Observatory . 20 : 203–205. Bibcode : 1897Obs....20..203R .

^ Yanaikatchai Mantaran Cheral Irumporai

^ O'Toole, Thomas (1985). "A Comet Lights the Imagination" . The New York Times . Retrieved 13 September 2018 .

^ Ridpath, Ian. "The History Of Halley's Comet" .

^ Jump up to: a b c Olson, Roberta J.; Pasachoff, Jay M. (1986). "New information on Comet Halley as depicted by Giotto di Bondone and other Western artists". In ESA, Proceedings of the 20th ESLAB Symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet . 3 : 201–213. Bibcode : 1986ESASP.250c.201O .

^ Jump up to: a b "Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000015) on 837AD-Apr-10" (Earth approach occurs when deldot flips from negative to positive @ 837-Apr-10 12:13). JPL Horizons . Archived from the original on 29 June 2022 . Retrieved 29 June 2022 . (SAO/837)

^ Son of Charlemagne: A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious . Translated by Cabaniss, Allen. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 1961. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8156-2031-0 .

^ Jump up to: a b "The Annals of Ulster AD 431–1201" . Corpus of Electronic Texts . University College Cork . Retrieved 7 January 2010 .

^ William of Malmesbury; Gesta regum Anglorum / The history of the English Kings , edited and translated by Mynors, R. A. B.; Thomson, R. M.; and Winterbottom, M.; 2 vols., Oxford Medieval Texts (1998–99), p. 121

^ Brazil, Ben (18 September 2005). "Chaco Canyon mystery tour" . The LA Times . Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 . Retrieved 11 November 2021 .

^ The Chronicle of Lupus Protospatharios .

^ Johnson, George (28 March 1997). "Comets Breed Fear, Fascination and Web Sites" . The New York Times . Retrieved 27 September 2009 .

^ Rerum Italicarum Scriptores , ed. Ludovico Antonio Muratori (Milan, 1730) v. 16 col. 770.

^ Kronk, Gary W. (1999). Cometography, vol. 1: Ancient-1799 . Cambridge University Press. pp. 253–255. ISBN 978-0-521-58504-0 .

^ Emerson, Edwin. Comet lore, Halley's comet in history and astronomy . New York, Printed by the Schilling press. p. 74 . Retrieved 1 October 2017 .

^ Botley, Cicely M. (1971). "The Legend of 1P/Halley 1456". The Observatory . 91 : 125–126. Bibcode : 1971Obs....91..125B .

^ Slaje, Walter; inter alia, realia: "An Apparition of Halley's Comet in Kashmir observed by Śrīvara in AD 1456" in Steiner, Roland (ed.); Highland Philology: Results of a Text-Related Kashmir Panel at the 31st DOT, Marburg 2010 , Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis, 4, Halle 2012: 33–48

^ The founding of Debre Berhan is described in the Ethiopian Royal Chronicles (Pankhurst, Richard; Oxford University Press, Addis Ababa, 1967, pp. 36–38).

^ Kapoor, R.C. (10 July 2017). "Records of sighting of Halley's Comet in the 1531 apparition and an eclipse in Guru Nanak's references". Current Science . 113 (1): 173–179. JSTOR 26163925 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Broughton, P. (1985). "The First Predicted Return of Comet Halley". Journal for the History of Astronomy . 16 (2): 123–132. Bibcode : 1985JHA....16..123B . doi : 10.1177/002182868501600203 . S2CID 118670662 .

^ Grier, David Alan (2005). "The First Anticipated Return: Halley's Comet 1758" . When Computers Were Human . Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 11–25. ISBN 0-691-09157-9 .

^ Jump up to: a b Sagan, Carl; Druyan, Ann; Comet , p. 57

^ " History of the Cauchoix objective " .

^ "Comet Halley in 1835" . Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum . Retrieved 18 November 2019 .

^ Sagan, Carl; Druyan, Ann; Comet , p. 117

^ Jump up to: a b Todd, William G. (1910). "Saw Halley's Comet in 1835". Popular Astronomy . 18 : 127. Bibcode : 1910PA.....18..127T .

^ Jump up to: a b c Lynn, W. T. (1909). "Halley's Comet in 1835". The Observatory . 32 : 175–177. Bibcode : 1909Obs....32..175L .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Smith, J. A. (1986). "Halley's Comet: Canadian Observations and Reactions 1835–36 and 1910". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada . 80 (1): 1–15. Bibcode : 1986JRASC..80....1S .

^ "The First Astronomy Photograph In History January 2, 1839" . David Reneke | Space and Astronomy News - Space News, Astronomy News, Telescopes, Astrophotography, UFOs . Archived from the original on 30 October 2015 . Retrieved 29 October 2019 .

^ "In Depth | 1P/Halley" . NASA Solar System Exploration . Retrieved 7 November 2019 .

^ Lequeux, James (8 September 2015). François Arago: A 19th Century French Humanist and Pioneer in Astrophysics . Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-20723-0 .

^ "From François Arago to small bodies exploration: Polarimetry as a tool to reveal properties of thin dust clouds in the Solar system and beyon" (PDF) .

^ Ridpath, Ian (1985). "Through the comet's tail" . Revised extracts from "A Comet Called Halley" by Ian Ridpath, published by Cambridge University Press in 1985 . Retrieved 19 June 2011 .

^ Nunnally, Brian (16 May 2011). "This Week in Science History: Halley's Comet" . pfizer: ThinkScience Now. Archived from the original on 17 December 2012 . Retrieved 19 June 2011 .

^ anonymous (8 February 1910). "Yerkes Observatory Finds Cyanogen in Spectrum of Halley's Comet" . The New York Times . Retrieved 15 November 2009 .

^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Mark (November 2009). "Ten Notable Apocalypses That (Obviously) Didn't Happen" . Smithsonian . Archived from the original on 6 August 2017 . Retrieved 14 November 2009 .

^ anonymous (2009). "Interesting Facts About Comets" . Universe Today . Retrieved 15 January 2009 .

^ Hutson, James; Chinese Life in the Tibetan Foothills , 1921 (See section: Eclipses and Comets , p. 207)

^ From Drury Lane to Mecca. Being an account of the strange life and adventures of Hedley Churchward , Sampson Low, London, 1931

^ https://bibnum.obspm.fr/ark:/11287/z750B , digital library of Paris Observatory

^ Johnson, George (28 March 1997). "Comets Breed Fear, Fascination and Web Sites" . The New York Times . Retrieved 27 September 2009 . When Halley's comet made its appearance in 1910, an Oklahoma religious group, known as the Sacred Followers, tried to sacrifice a virgin to ward off catastrophe. (They were stopped by the police.)

^
Paine, Albert Bigelow (1912). Mark Twain, a biography: the personal and literary life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens . Harper & Brothers. p. 1511.

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^ Bortle, John E. (13 January 2010). "The Great Daylight Comet of 1910" . Sky & Telescope Magazine. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012 . Retrieved 15 January 2010 .

^ Bortle, John E. (1998). "The Bright Comet Chronicles" . International Comet Quarterly . Retrieved 24 October 2010 .

^ Broughton, R. Peter (1979). "The visibility of Halley's comet". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada . 73 : 24–36. Bibcode : 1979JRASC..73...24B .

^ "Comet Halley Summary" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 1985 . Retrieved 11 July 2011 .

^ "Australian Astronomy: Comets" (PDF) . Australian Astronomical Association. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2005 . Retrieved 2 December 2009 .

^ "Last Chance For Good Comet-Viewing" . Ocala Star-Banner . Associated Press. 1 April 1986. p. 14 . Retrieved 2 December 2009 .

^ "Comet Halley Recovered" . European Space Agency. 2006 . Retrieved 16 January 2010 .

^ Browne, Malcolm W. (20 August 1985). "Telescope Builders See Halley's Comet From Vermont Hilltop" . The New York Times . Retrieved 10 January 2008 . (Horizons shows the nucleus @ APmag +20.5; the coma up to APmag +14.3)

^ anonymous (12 November 1985). "First Naked-Eye Sighting of Halley's Comet
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