HUGH PEARMAN ARCHITECTURE CRITIC
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Gothic Revival architectureGothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half of the 19th century, mostly in England. Increasingly serious and learned admirers sought to revive medieval Gothic architecture, intending to complement or even supersede the neoclassical styles prevalent at the time. Gothic Revival draws upon features of medieval examples, including decorative patterns, finials, lancet windows, and hood moulds. By the middle of the 19th century, Gothic Revival had become the pre-eminent architectural style in the Western world, only to begin to fall out of fashion in the 1880s and early 1890s. For some in England, the Gothic Revival movement had roots that were intertwined with philosophical movements associated with Catholicism and a re-awakening of high church or Anglo-Catholic belief concerned by the growth of religious nonconformism. The "Anglo-Catholic" tradition of religious belief and style became known for its intrinsic appeal in the third quarter of the 19th century. Gothic Revival architecture varied considerably in its faithfulness to both the ornamental styles and construction principles of its medieval ideal, sometimes amounting to little more than pointed window frames and touches of neo-Gothic decoration on buildings otherwise created on wholly 19th-century plans, using contemporary materials and construction methods; most notably, this involved the use of iron and, after the 1880s, steel in ways never seen in medieval exemplars. In parallel with the ascendancy of neo-Gothic styles in 19th century England, interest spread to the rest of Europe, Australia, Asia and the Americas; the 19th and early 20th centuries saw the construction of very large numbers of Gothic Revival structures worldwide. The influence of Revivalism had nevertheless peaked by the 1870s. New architectural movements, sometimes related, as in the Arts and Crafts movement, and sometimes in outright opposition, such as Modernism, gained ground, and by the 1930s the architecture of the Victorian era was generally condemned or ignored. The later 20th century saw a revival of interest, manifested in the United Kingdom by the establishment of the Victorian Society in 1958.
In connection with: Gothic Revival architecture
Title combos: architecture Gothic Gothic Revival architecture
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International StyleThe International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to functional and utilitarian designs and construction methods, typically expressed through minimalism. The style is characterized by modular and rectilinear forms, flat surfaces devoid of ornamentation and decoration, open and airy interiors that blend with the exterior, and the use of glass, steel, and concrete. The International Style is sometimes called rationalist architecture and the modern movement, although the former is mostly used in English to refer specifically to either Italian rationalism or the style that developed in 1920s Europe more broadly. In continental Europe, this and related styles are variably called Functionalism, Neue Sachlichkeit ("New Objectivity"), De Stijl ("The Style"), and Rationalism, all of which are contemporaneous movements and styles that share similar principles, origins, and proponents. Rooted in the modernism movement, the International Style is closely related to "Modern architecture" and likewise reflects several intersecting developments in culture, politics, and technology in the early 20th century. After being brought to the United States by European architects in the 1930s, it quickly became an "unofficial" North American style, particularly after World War II. The International Style reached its height in the 1950s and 1960s, when it was widely adopted worldwide for its practicality and as a symbol of industry, progress, and modernity. The style remained the prevailing design philosophy for urban development and reconstruction into the 1970s, especially in the Western world. The International Style was one of the first architectural movements to receive critical renown and global popularity. Regarded as the high point of modernist architecture, it is sometimes described as the "architecture of the modern movement" and credited with "single-handedly transforming the skylines of every major city in the world with its simple cubic forms". The International Style's emphasis on transcending historical and cultural influences, while favoring utility and mass-production methods, made it uniquely versatile in its application; the style was ubiquitous in a wide range of purposes, ranging from social housing and governmental buildings to corporate parks and skyscrapers. Nevertheless, these same qualities provoked negative reactions against the style as monotonous, austere, and incongruent with existing landscapes; these critiques are conveyed through various movements such as postmodernism, new classical architecture, and deconstructivism. Postmodern architecture was developed in the 1960s in reaction to the International Style, becoming dominant in the 1980s and 1990s.
In connection with: International Style
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List of criticsThis is a list of critics for various artistic disciplines.
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Architecture criticismArchitecture criticism is the critique of architecture. Everyday criticism relates to published or broadcast critiques of buildings, whether completed or not, both in terms of news and other criteria. In many cases, criticism amounts to an assessment of the architect's success in meeting his or her own aims and objectives and those of others. The assessment may consider the subject from the perspective of some wider context, which may involve planning, social or aesthetic issues. It may also take a polemical position reflecting the critic's own values. At the most accessible extreme, architectural criticism is a branch of lifestyle journalism, especially in the case of high-end residential projects.
In connection with: Architecture criticism
Title combos: Architecture criticism
Description combos: criticism the architectural criticism cases own Architecture architecture assessment
Hugh PearmanHugh Pearman may refer to: Hugh Pearman (cricketer) (born 1945), English cricketer Hugh Pearman (architecture critic) (born 1955), British architecture critic and editor
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Hugh Pearman (architecture critic)Hugh Geoffrey Pearman (born 29 May 1955) is a London-based architectural writer, editor and consultant. He is the author of several books including Contemporary World Architecture (Phaidon), Airports: A Century of Architecture (Laurence King and Abrams), Equilibrium: the work of Nicholas Grimshaw and Partners (Phaidon), Cullinan Studio in the 21st Century (Lund Humphries), and in 2023 About Architecture: An Essential Guide in 55 Buildings (Yale University Press) He edited the RIBA Journal from September 2006, retiring in December 2020. He was architecture and design critic of The Sunday Times for 30 years, from 1986 to early 2016. Other newspapers he has contributed to include the Guardian, The Observer, the Wall Street Journal, and The New York Times. Other magazines he has written for include Newsweek, Art Quarterly, Royal Academy Magazine, Crafts, Architectural Record, the Architectural Review, and World of Interiors, among many other publications. He has served on Arts Council England's architecture advisory group, and was one of the instigators of The RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 1996. From 2000 to 2004 he chaired the "Art for Architecture" initiative at the Royal Society of Arts. He was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2001. He was visiting professor in Architecture at the Royal College of Art, London, during 2015. He was an honorary vice-president of London's Architectural Association, 2014-2016. Pearman was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, and studied at the Skinners School in Royal Tunbridge Wells and St Chad's College, Durham University. His degree is in English Language and Literature. In December 2020 he appeared on Christmas University Challenge as a member of the Durham alumni team Pearman was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to architecture.
In connection with: Hugh Pearman (architecture critic)
Title combos: architecture critic critic architecture Pearman critic architecture Pearman Hugh
Description combos: and architecture Geoffrey Times December Buildings chaired December born
PearmanPearman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Alvin Pearman (born 1982), American football running back George Pearman, MP Graeme Pearman (born 1941), Chief of CSIRO Atmospheric Research in Australia from 1992 to 2002 Hugh Pearman (architecture critic), the architecture critic of The Sunday Times and editor of The RIBA Journal Hugh Pearman (cricketer) (born 1945), English cricketer Joseph Pearman (1892–1961), American athlete who competed mainly in the 10 kilometre walk Roger Pearman (born 1939), English rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, and coached rugby league in the 1960s Roger Pearman (cricketer) (1943–2009), English cricketer and cricket administrator Tom Pearman (born 1979), English cricketer Raven-Symoné Christina Pearman (born 1985), American actress and singer
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