HISTORY OF POUND STERLING IN OCEANIA
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Pound sterlingSterling (ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound (sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and the word pound is also used to refer to the British currency generally, often qualified in international contexts as the British pound or the pound sterling. Sterling is the world's oldest currency in continuous use since its inception. In 2022, it was the fourth-most-traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen. Together with those three currencies and the renminbi, it forms the basket of currencies that calculate the value of IMF special drawing rights. As of late 2022, sterling is also the fourth most-held reserve currency in global reserves. The Bank of England is the central bank for sterling, issuing its own banknotes and regulating issuance of banknotes by private banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Sterling banknotes issued by other jurisdictions are not regulated by the Bank of England; their governments guarantee convertibility at par. Historically, sterling was also used to varying degrees by the colonies and territories of the British Empire.
In connection with: Pound sterling
Title combos: Pound sterling
Description combos: not continuous banks is currency held GBP oldest its
Australian poundThe pound (sign: £, £A for distinction) was the currency of Australia from 1910 until 14 February 1966, when it was replaced by the Australian dollar. Like other £sd currencies, it was subdivided into 20 shillings (denoted by the symbol s or /–), each of 12 pence (denoted by the symbol d).
In connection with: Australian pound
Title combos: pound Australian
Description combos: symbol sd 14 was the by other Australian dollar
Tongan poundThe pound was the currency of Tonga until 1967. Issued by the Board of Commissioners of Currency of Tonga, it was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence.
In connection with: Tongan pound
Title combos: pound Tongan
Description combos: Issued was of Commissioners each 12 into the each
Fijian poundThe pound (sign: £) was the currency of Fiji between 1873 and 1969. It was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence.
In connection with: Fijian pound
Title combos: pound Fijian
Description combos: was pence and currency pound 1969 into of between
British currency in the Middle EastBritish involvement in the Middle East began with the General Maritime Treaty of 1820. This established the Trucial States and the nearby island of Bahrain as a base for suppressing sea piracy in the Persian Gulf. Meanwhile, in 1839 the British East India Company established an anti-piracy station in Aden to protect British shipping that was sailing to and from India. Involvement in the region expanded to Egypt in 1875 because of British interests in the Suez Canal, with a full scale British invasion of Egypt taking place in 1882. Muscat and Oman became a British Protectorate in 1891, and meanwhile Kuwait was added to the British Empire in 1899 because of fears surrounding the proposed Berlin-Baghdad Railway. There was a growing concern in the United Kingdom that Germany was a rising power, and about the implications that the proposed railway would have as regards access to the Persian Gulf. Qatar became a British Protectorate in 1916, and after the First World War, the British influence in the Middle East reached its fullest extent with the inclusion of Palestine, Transjordan and Iraq.
In connection with: British currency in the Middle East
Title combos: the in East currency the East the British Middle
Description combos: 1899 inclusion British 1891 to fears sea to anti
History of pound sterling in OceaniaSterling was the currency of many, but not the entirety of the British Empire. This article looks at the history of sterling in the Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific region.
In connection with: History of pound sterling in Oceania
Title combos: sterling in in of Oceania pound sterling of History
Description combos: currency of of New Sterling not the sterling was
History of Australian currencyPrior to European colonization, early Aboriginal Australian communities traded using items such as tools, food, ochres, shells, raw materials and stories, although there is no evidence of the use of currencies. After colonization on 26 January 1788, New South Wales became a British colony, and was provided with English currency to be used for formal circulation, though the supply was insufficient and alternative forms of exchange were resorted to. A national Australian currency was created in 1910, as the Australian Pound, which in 1966 was decimalised as the Australian Dollar. From the early 19th century until 1971, the exchange rate of Australian currency was fixed to the British pound. After the dissolution of the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971, it was fixed to the United States Dollar until, in 1974, it was fixed to a Trade Weighted Index. In 1976, this was changed from a 'hard', to a 'crawling' peg, meaning the exchange rate was changed more frequently. In 1983, Australia changed to a free-floating exchange rate.
In connection with: History of Australian currency
Title combos: Australian History currency History of Australian History of currency
Description combos: colonization to Trade currency as until the 19th fixed
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