Great Blue Hole
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The Great Blue Hole, near Belize City , Belize
^ Jump up to: a b The Great Blue Hole of Lighthouse Reef Atoll, Belize, Central America: Deep Technical Diving to Collect Sea-Level Records . Transactions of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference. 2002. ISBN 9789766401009 .
^ "Belize Blue Hole reef" . NASA.
^
"World Heritage Nomination – IUCN Summary Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System (Belize)" (PDF) . IUCN/WCMC.
^ Jump up to: a b Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1973). Galapagos – Titicaca – The Blue Holes (Hole) . London: Cassell.
^ Jump up to: a b Tysall, Terrance N (1999). "The Belize Blue Hole Exploration Project". In Hamilton, RW; Pence, DF; Kesling, DE (eds.). Assessment and Feasibility of Technical Diving Operations for Scientific Exploration . American Academy of Underwater Sciences . Archived from the original on 2013-04-16 . Retrieved 2011-01-08 .
^ Street, Francesca. "Dispatches from the bottom of Belize's Blue Hole" . www.cnn.com . Retrieved 2021-05-16 .
^ Carlos, Naia (2019-04-05). "Bodies Of Missing Divers Found At The Bottom Of Belize Great Blue Hole" . Tech Times . Retrieved 2021-08-18 .
^ Robert Lamb; Amanda Arnold (2012). "The 10 Most Amazing Places on Earth" . Discovery Channel. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09 . Retrieved 2013-09-12 .
^ "DISCOVERY LIVE: INTO THE BLUE HOLE" . Retrieved December 3, 2018 .
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The Great Blue Hole is a giant marine sinkhole off the coast of Belize . It lies near the center of Lighthouse Reef , a small atoll 70 km (43 mi) from the mainland and Belize City . The hole is circular in shape, 318 m (1,043 ft) across and 124 m (407 ft) deep. [1] It has a surface area of 70,650 square metres (760,500 sq ft). It was formed during several episodes of quaternary glaciation when sea levels were much lower . Analysis of stalactites found in the Great Blue Hole shows that formation took place 153,000, 66,000, 60,000, and 15,000 years ago. As the ocean began to rise again, the cave was flooded. [2] The Great Blue Hole is a part of the larger Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . [3]
This site was made famous by Jacques Cousteau , who declared it one of the top five scuba diving sites in the world. In 1971 he brought his ship, the Calypso , to the hole to chart its depths. [4] Investigations by this expedition confirmed the hole's origin as typical karst limestone formations, formed before rises in sea level in at least four stages, leaving ledges at depths of 21 m (69 ft), 49 m (161 ft), and 91 m (299 ft). Stalactites were retrieved from submerged caves, confirming their previous formation above sea level. Some of these stalactites were also off-vertical by 5˚ [1] in a consistent orientation, indicating that there had also been some past geological shift and tilting of the underlying plateau, followed by a long period in the current plane. The tilt indicates that this was a movement of the land, rather than a rise in sea level alone. [4]
Initial measured depth of Great Blue Hole was about 125 m (410 ft) which is the most often cited depth up to this day. The expedition's goal was to collect core samples from the Blue Hole's floor and document the cave system. [5] To accomplish these tasks, all of the divers had to be certified in cave diving and mixed gases . [5]
In December 2018, two submarines descended into the Blue Hole, in an attempt to map its interior. Using sonar scanning, the team was nearly able to complete a 3-D map of the 1,000 foot wide hole. One of their discoveries was a layer of hydrogen sulfide at a depth of approximately 300 feet (91 m). The water at that depth and below becomes dark, anoxic and devoid of life. [6] The submarine expedition also discovered the bodies of two divers at the bottom, out of three believed to have gone missing while diving there. [7]
This is a popular spot among recreational scuba divers who are lured by the opportunity to dive in sometimes crystal-clear water and meet several species of fish, including midnight parrotfish , Caribbean reef shark , and other juvenile fish species. Other species of sharks, such as the bull shark and hammerheads , have been reported there, but are not regularly sighted. Usually, day trips to the Great Blue Hole are full-day trips from the coastal tourist communities in Belize.
On-shore caves of similar formation, as large collapsed sinkholes, are well known in Belize and in the Yucatán Peninsula , where they are known as cenotes . Unlike the mainland cenotes which often link to underwater cave systems, there is little evidence of horizontal development in the Blue Hole. [ citation needed ] [ clarification needed ]
In 2012 Discovery Channel ranked the Great Blue Hole as number one on its list of "The 10 Most Amazing Places on Earth". [8] In 2018, they featured a two-hour special titled Discovery Live: Into the Blue Hole featuring Erika Bergman, Fabien Cousteau and Richard Branson . [9]
The Great Blue Hole, off the coast of Belize is a diver’s paradise.
Located next to Lighthouse Reef, about 70 kilometres off the coast of Belize, the Great Blue Hole is part of the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System that was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
Originally the Blue Hole was a limestone cave that started to form about 150,000 years ago.
Gradually the water level rose as the glacial period ended and the caves were flooded and its roof collapsed, thus forming this unique hole.
The hole was made popular by French explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau who declared it “one of the top ten dive sites in the world.”
Great Blue Hole from above via JohnBullas
Looking from above, the dark blue color of the hole signifies that it has a great depth, especially compared to the shallow waters nearby.
Its deepest point lies at 124 meters. The hole has an almost perfect circular shape and it is 300 meters wide.
The Blue Hole is well known among the world of recreational diving enthusiasts, for whom this place has them all: clear waters and a variety of flora and fauna as you can meet here nurse sharks, Caribbean reef sharks and bull sharks.
Underwater photo of brain coral, tube coral and trunk fish taken in the Great Blue Hole in Belize via JayHem
But if diving is not for you, you can also snorkel for a full day around the hole and nearby.
There are also many small islands or cays nearby that offer pristine beaches and affordable meals:
The most notable are Ambergris , which lies just off of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, to the north of the Great Blue Hole;
Cay Caulker, just south of Ambergris; St. George’s Cay , about a mile offshore from Belize City;
And the Turneffe Islands , the largest of three atolls about three hours by water from Belize City.
Out of these, the Turneffe atolls are closest to the blue hole.
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