Good Cat Anal Show

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Adrienne Kruzer, RVT, LVT, has worked with a variety of animals for over 15 years, including birds of prey, reptiles, and small mammals.
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Many mammals, including cats, have special glands called anal glands or sacs located around their rectum. These glands typically go unnoticed until a cat owner smells the secretions from the glands or there is an issue with them. Knowing the purpose of these glands, as well as the potential issues that they can develop, will help you keep your cat happy and healthy.
Both male and female cats have two pea-sized anal glands located around their rectal openings.1 From the outside, two very small holes on either side of the anal opening may be seen. If the rectal opening was the face of a clock, each anal gland would sit at about five o'clock and seven o'clock around the rectum.
These tiny, visible openings lead to the small, balloon-like anal glands that are under the skin of a cat. These glands naturally fill with a foul-smelling fluid that is naturally expressed when a cat defecates. The fluid in the glands is typically a liquid but it can thicken and become gritty, or even chunky, if it is stored for too long in the glands or there are issues with the glands.
Your cat may be showing signs that it is having issues with its anal glands.
Scooting the hind end on the ground
Obsessive licking at the rectal opening
Crying when defecating
Blood in the feces
Foul smelling fluid noted
Cats that have an uncomfortable hind end due to anal gland issues are likely to scoot or drag their hind end on the ground.2 This may be an attempt to relieve the pressure and discomfort that a cat is experiencing from having full anal glands. You may smell or see a smelly fluid after your cat does this, too. Obsessive licking at the rectal opening and crying when defecating are also signs that there may be a problem with the glands. Finally, if you see blood in your cat's feces or on the carpet after your cat scoots its hind end, this could be a sign of an anal gland issue as well.
While most cats do not need help expressing their anal glands, occasionally these glands need a little help.2 Manual anal gland expression is not a pleasant job for the person doing the expression or the cat but it can be necessary if they don't naturally drain when a cat defecates. If these glands are not expressed naturally or manually, your cat will experience discomfort, infection, and potentially even painful anal gland rupture. Several reasons exist as to why cat anal glands may not express on their own.
If a cat needs to have its anal glands manually expressed it is likely it has an underlying reason for why the glands aren't naturally expressing.
Usually anal gland issues begin with inflammation which can lead to an infection. If a cat develops an infected anal gland, they will receive antibiotics and may need the glands flushed and cleaned out. But if the anal glands are impacted due to the thickening of the fluid and are unable to be emptied with manual pressure, then a veterinarian will need to sedate or anesthetize your cat in order to remove the contents of the anal glands. If the impaction is not addressed, the glands will rupture and will need to be cleaned out under anesthesia while the pain and infection are also managed. If a tumor is found then surgery will be necessary to remove it.
If no inflammation, infection, impaction, rupture, or tumors are found, your cat's weight and diet may need to be addressed to treat the reason for the anal gland issues.
Manual anal gland expression is easy to learn how to do but cats do not enjoy it. Ask a veterinarian about restraint methods, distraction techniques, and exactly how to safely express a cat's anal glands if your cat needs it and you want to try and do it at home. Manual pressure is applied to the glands by inserting a finger into the rectum and firmly but gently squeezing the small, balloon-like gland on the edge of the rectal opening. This causes the anal gland secretions to come out.
The best thing you can do for a cat to help prevent anal gland issues is to feed it a high quality cat food and don't allow it to get overweight.
If you're still worried about it developing anal gland problems, be sure to let your veterinarian know if it's scooting its rear end on the floor or has any inflammation around the rectal area. Monitor your cat's stool for diarrhea and do not attempt to express the anal glands unnecessarily. Manually expressing anal glands without them needing it can actually irritate the glands unnecessarily so it is best to leave them alone unless a reason to express them arises.
If you suspect your pet is sick, call your vet immediately. For health-related questions, always consult your veterinarian, as they have examined your pet, know the pet's health history, and can make the best recommendations for your pet.
The Spruce Pets uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Miyazaki, Tamako et al. Olfactory Discrimination Of Anal Sac Secretions In The Domestic Cat And The Chemical Profiles Of The Volatile Compounds. Journal Of Ethology, vol 36, no. 1, 2017, pp. 99-105. Springer Science And Business Media LLC, doi:10.1007/s10164-017-0532-x
Anal Sac Disease In Cats. San Bruno Pet Hospital, 2020
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9 Things You Never Wanted to Know About Cat Anal Glands
A calico cat butt or bum a calico cat licking her butt. Photography © ablokhin | iStock / Getty Images Plus.
9 Things You Never Wanted to Know About Cat Anal Glands
Dogs aren’t the only ones with anal gland issues! Find out what causes issues with cat anal glands and how they're treated.
When I think of anal gland problems, I usually think of dogs, and there’s a good reason for this: Dogs are much more likely to have blockages and other issues with those little sacs than cats are. But, as I learned last week, cat anal glands can suffer blockages, too.
When I brought Siouxsie in for her three-month post-radioactive iodine therapy checkup, my vet noticed something odd: One of her little sacs was swollen to the size of a marble. Needless to say, we got that taken care of right away. “Better them than me,” I said as one of the techs brought Siouxsie back to the treatment room.
So, just what are cat anal glands and what do they do? Here are some things to know about cat anal glands:
The anal sacs are lined with glands that produce an oily and stinky substance. If you look at your cat’s butt, you may be able to see the outlets of the anal sacs at about four and eight o’clock in relation to the anus.
When a wild cat poops, the passage of feces through the anal canal squeezes the anal glands and expresses a little bit of that strong-smelling fluid. This serves as an extra tool for marking the boundaries of that cat’s range. Domestic cat anal sacs are considered vestigial, although they do seem to play a large role in cat social dynamics.
The secretions from cat anal glands are part of the unique smell that identifies individual cats. This is why cats often greet one another with mutual butt sniffs.
If the oily substance plugs the opening of the anal sacs, the secretions build up inside and can cause pain and discomfort. Cat anal sacs are probably about the size of pine nuts, but they can grow to several times that size when the openings are clogged.
When dogs get impacted anal glands, they tend to scoot their butts along the floor and lick the area excessively. Cats, with their legendary ability to hide their pain, just bear the discomfort. If you don’t see a problem, this can result in serious issues.
“We are not sure why some cats develop problems with their anal glands,” says Jessica Stern, DVM, DABVP (feline), of Cats Exclusive Veterinary Center in Shoreline, Washington. “In some cats, it is due to narrowing or strictures of the anal gland ducts (the tube between the anal gland and the rectal wall). The narrowing may be congenital or acquired. Obese cats can also have problems with completely emptying their anal glands. In other cases, we don’t know why it happens.” Dr. Stern adds that underlying food or environmental allergies can cause issues with cat anal glands.
There is no way to fully prevent cat anal gland issues, but keeping cats at a healthy weight can help. Some vets say that anal sac impactions are more common in overweight and inactive cats, perhaps because obese kitties can’t clean their bottoms as well as their leaner kin, and a lack of exercise could lead to constipation. Constipated cats don’t have frequent-enough bowel movements, and this may cause the secretions to plug the gland openings.
In some cases, Dr. Stern says, increasing fiber in the diet can increase the volume of the feces, which may help express the glands during defecation. Addressing underlying allergies can also help.
A supplement called Glandex can help cats with chronic anal gland problems. Dr. Stern says that although she hasn’t tried Glandex with her patients, “the ingredients make sense — pumpkin fiber to increase fecal bulk, antioxidants to help with inflammation, and probiotics to maintain healthy GI bacteria.”
“My typical recommendation is to increase fiber in the diet — this may or may not actually help, and you do not want to add too much fiber (then constipation may be a problem), but it is something to try,” Dr. Stern says. “We usually only recommend surgical removal of the glands if the problem is chronic or recurrent.”
“If the anal gland ruptures due to an abscess, then the area is typically cleaned and the cat is started on antibiotics, pain medication and possibly anti-inflammatory medication to treat the infection,” Dr. Stern says. “A surgery to open up and drain an unruptured abscess may need to be performed.” However, she adds, anal sacculectomies (the surgery to remove the anal glands) are not considered urgent or immediate surgery. “It is usually recommended to have this surgery after the abscess, infection and inflammation has resolved,” she advises.
Even after a rupture, cats can have another anal gland impaction or abscess in the same anal gland, or it can happen on the other side, so the anal gland issue can still be a problem.
When it comes to anal gland surgery, “we typically send a cat to a board-certified surgeon,” Dr. Stern says. The price of the surgery can vary tremendously depending on where you live, but Dr. Stern estimates that in the greater Seattle area, you can expect to pay somewhere between $1,500 and $2,000.
“The real risk would be damaging nerves in the area and causing [temporary or permanent] fecal incontinence,” says Dr. Stern. “The benefit would be removing the potential for subsequent impactions or abscesses.” As long as there are no complications, the removal of cat anal glands doesn’t cause any long-term problems. “The glands are really just scent glands and don’t serve any other purpose than olfactory communication,” Dr. Stern says.
Tell us: Have you ever had a cat with impacted anal glands? Do you have any tips for us so we can see the signs before the problem becomes critical? Do you have any other comments about cat anal glands? Please share!
This piece was originally published in 2014. 
Thumbnail: Photography © ablokhin | iStock / Getty Images Plus.
About JaneA Kelley: Punk-rock cat mom, science nerd, animal shelter volunteer and all-around geek with a passion for bad puns, intelligent conversation, and role-play adventure games. She gratefully and gracefully accepts her status as chief cat slave for her family of feline bloggers, who have been writing their award-winning cat advice blog, Paws and Effect, since 2003.
17 thoughts on “9 Things You Never Wanted to Know About Cat Anal Glands”
I just pulled the hard dark plug out. There is no blood, but I hope I did not pull the gland out.
Please help me.
I realize some of these comments are a year or two old, but I’m just now seeing them after googling the issue I’m having with my cat now. I honestly laughed at people complaining about the content being “TMI” when they’re on a link called /cat-health-care/cat-anal-glands-facts. did they think the topic would be rainbows? LOL
Thanks for the great info for those who shared :)
One of my cats recently experienced a ruptured anal gland which took about 2 weeks to heal and several visits to the vet. She wasn’t showing any signs of distress until it ruptured which is the challenging part because there was no way to know it was happening or to prevent it. My other cat now had a swollen rear end and had been licking it a lot. I took him to the vet and had his glands expressed, thankfully I caught this one before it got worse. This is the second time he had had swelling & needed his glands expressed in the last year or so. I think I am going to have to take the both to the vet on a regular basis to have their anal glands expressed to avoid any further issues.
I woke up this morning to patches of blood on my kitchen floor as well as on my bed. Needless to say I kind of panicked when I saw the blood. Called vet right away. She had a ruptured abscess on anal gland. Abscess was drained and fur under her tail shaved. She was given anti inflammatory and antibiotics. She seemed much more herself by the time we got home. I was so worried about what could be wrong with her and was relieved when they were able to help her so quickly and efficiently.
Have you tried adding a teaspoon of pureed pure pumpkin to their wet food daily? I have been doing this with my old boy for some time now and it definitely helps. He’s also on a grain and sugar free diet.
I have a 2 year old orange tabby. Quite often he stinks after you pick him up. This morning, I picked him up to put him on the floor and then I smelled it. I found a substance on the area that I picked him up from. It was horrible smelling and kindof a creamy grey color. What could this be?
My 10 year old cat started needing anal gland expression about every 2-3 months a year ago. We found out when we were at the vet for other reasons. She doesn’t show any symptoms or outward signs, but cries at me off and on. After several days of this and trying to find out other reasons for the crying, we go in. She stops the crying so I figure that was what the problem. The vet techs tell me the liquid was a little thick. They can’t say whether I should have brought her in or not or whether this was a problem or not. I’m still unsure whether this is necessary or not. It is super stressful on her to ride to and from the vet in the car. Does anyone have any opinion on this?
Thanks for the informative article, JaneA. For those who are TMI-adverse: stop reading here. Do anyone else’s cats get plugs sticking out of their scent glands? I know this is gross, sorry. I periodically put on a disposable glove & pull a sticky plug out of one of the openings, something the cats hate. Anyone with experience with this?
As with the previous post, very informative, but T.M.I. Could have lived my whole life not reading that and been just as well off. . . Butt (heh, get it?) I am glad I stumbled upon this article, as I do believe I now know what is going on with my two Felines: White Paw and Sisssta.
As stated in the article, I too believe that the food we are giving our animals has a lot to do with them getting allergies, acne, and many other health-related illnesses. Just as with us Humans. Our bodies and those of our furry friends were not intended to sustain on CHEMICALLY enhanced meats, fruits, and vegetables – and the more we ingest, the further away from healthy we become…
Our poor animals cannot tell us that, “That can of cat food tastes like that can that the cat food came in and please go bring us a rabbit!” But that is exactly what they (and we) need. REAL meat. Non-genetically enhanced anything! Just straight from the wild fields of Kansas, or California, or North Carolina!
Well, would you look at me? You’d think I jumped up on a soapbox or something!!
Great, GREAT Article!
Thank you!!
I have a 14 year old black female cat who needs to have her anal glands expressed by the vet about 4 times a year. She will usually tell me when it’s time to go by scooting (like dogs do) in front of me. I put warm, moist compresses on her butt periodically in between visits. She seems to like that, though for only a few seconds at a time. Not sure why she has issues. I got her when she was about a year old shortly after she had finished nursing her first and only litter of kittens. She was just out of kitten hood herself. She was spayed before I got her. Maybe it came from having given birth at such a young age? While she’s not really constipated, her poop is a lot harder than my other 3 female cats. She gets very grumpy, almost nasty when it’s time. So I’m guessing it makes her pretty uncomfortable.
one of my cats had a major problem with impacted anal glands when he was younger. I saw him scooting one night and had him into the vet the next day, and they said the goop was almost solid! I was bringing him in almost every three months. then, for entirely different reasons, I switched him to a grain free diet and discovered that his anal gland problem cleared up. he’s suddenly scooting again six years after the last time I brought him in for that, but I think it’s because he’s had loose stool recently because of stress. (I have had foster cats in the house, and he hasn’t been very pleased about that. one of them was just adopted about four days ago, though.) anyway, my point is, maybe try changing her diet. maybe it won’t be the answer for you as it was for me, but it’s something to try!
I just took my 13 yo cat to the vet as she excessively licked near her butt and made it bleed. Turns out she has an abscess near her right anal gland. She needs antibiotics and anti-inflammatories. After having no issues her whole life with anal glands, I wonder if she will need to have them regularly expressed now. I got her at 8 weeks and she never had kittens. Maybe it’s an older age thing.
You’re completely right. I didn’t want to know any of those things. Very informative, don’t get me wrong. But didn’t need to know. :)
Thank you. I did need to know and find your reply helpful!
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