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Goddess Sensual
Arts & Humanities
Nefertiti as sensual goddess
Arts & Humanities
Nefertiti as sensual goddess
Lecturer details research suggesting more complex role for Egyptian queen
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A visiting scholar suggests that Nefertiti (photo 1) wasn’t quite who people imagine she was, and eventually was revered as something of a sex goddess. Nefertiti is “often represented as a powerful and independent figure,” said Jacquelyn Williamson (photo 2), and has a “reputation as being a uniquely strong queen.”
Photos by Nina-no/Creative Commons; Stephanie Mitchell/Harvard Staff Photographer
By Valerie Vande Panne Harvard Correspondent
Date November 18, 2013 April 3, 2019
In history, the Egyptian Queen Nefertiti is depicted as a powerful, independent woman. Her bust, on display at the Neues Museum in Berlin, is one of the most reproduced works of ancient Egypt.
But Jacquelyn Williamson, visiting lecturer on women’s studies and Near Eastern studies and women’s studies in religion program research associate at Harvard Divinity School (HDS), suggests that Nefertiti wasn’t quite who people imagine she was, and eventually was revered as something of a sex goddess.
Nefertiti is “often represented as a powerful and independent figure,” said Williamson, and has a “reputation as being a uniquely strong queen.”
“I expected images of her smiting the heads of the enemies of Egypt, an act usually reserved for the king,” said Williamson, who has identified a temple that she believes was the queen’s. “She is shown in the tombs of the elite at Amarna at a natural height to the king.”
Amenhotep IV became king when Egypt was wealthy and its empire was strong, covering territory from as far north as Syria to as far south as Sudan. He worshipped the sun god Re, whose visible manifestation in the daytime sky was known as the Aten. He gave this god prominence. When Amenhotep took the throne, he became Akhenaten, or “one who is effective for the Aten.”
Akhenaten married Nefertiti early in his reign. She wasn’t a royal, but was most likely the daughter of nobles. Then came the changes. Akhenaten created a religion that worshipped a single god. He declared all gods except Aten to be false. Akhenaten denounced the belief systems of his people, including their burial rites. He eradicated the names and images of other gods, including the god Amun.
Aten, Williamson explained, was once represented as a man with the head of a hawk and a sun for a crown. Akhenaten changed him into a “hovering sun disk with rays of light streaming from it. Each ray of light had a hand, which upheld Akhenaten” and Nefertiti. Aten’s blessing was depicted as being for the king and queen alone. Akhenaten had a new city built for his family and his god at Tell el-Amarna.
The queen’s traditional role was to assist and support her divine husband’s rule. Queens were also associated with Maat, “a goddess and concept that governed the way the universe functioned,” and with Hathor, “a goddess of sexuality, fertility, and rebirth.”
“Queens, through their semi-divine magical fertility, are celebrated for their ability to offer rebirth to the king and the cosmos, thereby ensuring eternal life,” Williamson said. “Female goddesses were essential to the rebirth of the cosmos, which Egyptians believed happened every day at dawn.”
Under Akhenaten’s reign, Nefertiti and her daughters took the place of those goddesses, and “were perhaps all used to satisfy the need for a female divine presence associated with sexual rejuvenation.” Nefertiti wore the crown of Hathor, elevating her status “as a sex goddess, able to manifest the regenerative power of sexual rejuvenation.”
Nefertiti also took the position of Isis on the king’s sarcophagus. Traditionally, the goddess Isis embraced these tombs, but she was replaced at this time by Nefertiti. Thus the queen became the embodiment of the goddess Isis’s magical and sexual abilities.
Williamson presented her findings at the HDS lecture “A Sex Goddess and a Queen: The Discovery and Analysis of the Lost Temple of Nefertiti,” on Wednesday to an audience of about 40 that included local Egyptologists.
Nefertiti’s “capacity as a creator goddess” was employed to “safeguard, and perhaps even bring about, the rebirth of the sun every day,” Williamson said.
She believes that the sunshade temple at Kom el-Nana, excavated in the 1980s and ’90s, is Nefertiti’s. Through her research, Williamson has identified thousands of sandstone fragments engraved with hieroglyphics and other markings. She has pieced together their story, which she said identifies the temple as the queen’s.
“The house of the Aten and the mansion of the Aten have long been identified as the great and small Aten temples… However the third, called the ‘Sunshade of Re’ and dedicated to Nefertiti, had long been considered lost. Organizing these fragments into coherent scenes and formulating and understanding the decoration was a challenge,” she admits.
Her discovery questions the generally accepted views of the queen.
Instead of being a powerful near-equal to Akhenaten, “she is almost less than half the height of the king,” Williamson said. “In Egyptian art, size matters. The larger you are in a scene, the more significance and power you are accorded. Her diminutive size … seems to emphasize not her importance in her own temple, but rather, her subordination to Akhenaten. Nefertiti’s status, as conveyed by her iconography, may have been emphasized or de-emphasized according to Akhenaten’s cultic or political needs.
“We should not be so quick to assume [the powerful, independent] representations [of her] were a reflection of reality. It is tempting to place a feminist and anachronistic interpretation on the evidence. After all, we want to see Nefertiti as equal to Akhenaten. That impression should be nuanced with the understanding that she was presented as powerful and strong when Akhenaten wanted her to be so.”
After Akhenaten and Nefertiti’s reign ended, the single-god religion was abandoned, as was the city they’d built.
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Courtesy of the Library of Congress
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A love deity is a deity in mythology associated with romance , sex , lust , or sexuality . Love deities are common in mythology and may be found in many polytheistic religions. Female sex goddesses are often associated with beauty and other traditionally feminine attributes.
The Roman Goddess list contains names and attributes of over fifty Roman Goddesses.
Discover the meaning of the goddess names and archetypes by exploring their myths and symbolism.
Lists over 40 Goddesses of childbirth and pregnancy, from around the world
Goddess names in mythology were often chosen to reflect their powers and qualities. Goddess names appear across all ancient cultures and continue to influence girl's name choices for girls today. Currently some of the most popular Goddess names for girls include those that are linked with the sun, like Aurora Goddess of the dawn and Phebe. The moon Goddesses are also popular including Luna and Selena. In the UK Iris has also in popularity as Goddess of the rainbow her name signifies hope. In countries like Greece it is very common to name children after the ancient goods and Goddesses.
In choosing a name, you may want to consider the meanings behind these names, the goddesses main attributes and character.
I have found researching and producing this list of female Goddess names a useful reminder of the similar themes and reoccurring archetypal figures that are incorporated across the word's myths and legends.
A list of Goddess names from around the world
Aetna (Roman) - Mount Etna is named after this Volcano Goddess.
Agneya (Hindu) – She is the daughter of the sun God Agni, when setting-up magical space she is worshipped as the guardian of the South East.
Aine (Celtic) – Goddess of love, growth, cattle and light. Her name means bright. She is linked to Midsummer’s Eve. The name Anya comes from this Goddess name.
Aja (Sumerian) - Her name means "the bride." She was associated with the eastern mountains where she helped the sun into the sky at the beginning of the new day.
Amphitrite (Greek) - Ancient Goddess of the sea and consort of the God Poseidon.
Aphrodite (Greek) - The beautiful Goddess of love and fertility. No man could resist Aphrodite when she wore her magic girdle. Her name means foam born or raised from foam as she was birthed from the churning sea.
Arianrhod (Celtic) - Goddess of fertility, rebirth and the weaving of cosmic time and fate. The last aspect of her nature is contained within her name which means “silver wheel” or “round wheel,” suggesting her importance in the cycles of life. Other common spellings of her name are Aranhod and Arianrod.
Artemis (Greek) - An independent spirit, she is Goddess is of the hunt, nature and birth. There are several different theories about the origin of her name, one school of thought says it comes from an ancient word for “safe” and another argues that it means “strong limbed.” Either way the suggestion is that this maiden Goddess has the strength and ability to protect herself from any unwanted attention.
Asteria (Greek) - Goddess of the stars, she escaped the advances of Zeus by changing into a quail. She is also mother of Hecate the Goddess associated with witches and magic.
Atalanta (Greek) - A very competitive warrior Goddess, adventurous and amazing runner who could not be beaten by a man. She was turned into a lion by the jealous Aphrodite. Other spellings of this name also include Atlanta.
Athena (Greek) - Goddess of war and wisdom and domestic crafts. Plato believed her name meant "mind of God" whilst others suggest it comes an ancient word meaning “sharp.” Both these words point to Athena's great intellectual ability to see the true nature of a situation and to develop successful strategies.
Aurora (Roman) - Her name means "light". She is the personification of the dawn as this is the first light of day.
Averna (Roman) - The Queen of the Dead, her name comes from an underworld river called the Avernus.
Badb (Celtic) - A shape-shifting, warrior goddess who symbolizes life
and death, wisdom and inspiration. She represents an aspect of Morrigan. Her name is pronounced "beeve."
Bast (Egyptian) - The famous cat Goddess, she protected pregnant woman and children. Bast was a very sensual Goddess who enjoyed music, dance and perfume. Her name comes from the bas jars used to store perfumes and ointments. Other versions of this Goddess names include: Bastet, Baset, Ubasti and Pasht.
Baubo (Greek) - A bawdy, crone Goddess who lifted her skirt in front of Demeter.
Bellona (Roman) - A serpent -haired goddess and feminine aspect of Mars. The Latin word for war "bellum," is a derivative of her name.
Blodeewedd (Celtic) – She was created by magic, from nine blossoms to
break a curse that prevented Llew Llaw from a human wife.
Branwen (Celtic) – The Welsh goddess of love. Her name means “blessed
raven.” Bronwyn is a modern day version of this name.
Cailleach Bheur (Celtic) – The hag, destroyer goddess who ruled over disease,
death, wisdom, seasonal rites and weather magic. She was known as Cally Berry
in Ireland which means “old gloomy woman” in Irish
Ceres (Roman) - This Goddess of agriculture and grains name comes from the Indo European word root, “ker” meaning “to grow.” In turn her name has become the origin of our modern word cereal.
Cerridwen (Celtic) - Goddess of moon, magic, agriculture, nature, poetry language, music, art, science and astrology. She was also keeper of the cauldron. Her name means “chiding love.” Ceridwen, Caridwen, Kerritwen, Keridwen, Kyrridwen are other variations of her name.
Clemencia (Roman) – Goddess of forgiveness and mercy.
Our modern word clemency stems from the ideals this Goddess represents. Names related
to this include Clementine and Clemence.
Coventina (Celtic) – Goddess of the sacred waters and springs. One of her shrines is a well at Bricolita Fort by Hadrian’s Wall in Northumberland.
Danu (Celtic) – Her name means “knowledge.” From her flowed all of
life. She is also linked to fairy hills and a tribe of ancient deities known as
Tuatha de Danaan.
Demeter (Greek) - Goddess of the harvest who possessed great knowledge of the best way to grow, preserve and harvest grain. She was also the devoted mother of Persephone. Her name reflects her nurturing personality as it means “earth mother” in Greek.
Diana (Roman) - Goddess of the hunt and wild animals. She later took over from Luna as the Roman Goddess of the moon, responsible for fertility and childbirth. The name Diana means "heavenly divine," reflecting her celestial role.
Dike (Greek) - Goddess of judgement and justice.
Discordia (Roman) – Goddess of discord and strife. This
word is still used in modern Italian to signify a quarrel or disagreement. Discordia (Roman) – Goddess of discord and strife. This
word is still used in modern Italian to signify a quarrel or disagreement.
Eirene (Greek) - This Greek Goddess name means peace in her native language, expressing her diplomatic nature. Her name also often appears as Irene.
Elen (Celtic) – Known as Elen of the ways she appears in the the
Mabinogion. Here she magically built highways for her soldiers to protect the
country against invaders.
E os (Greek) - A sunny natured Goddess whose name means "dawn." She is also known for her numerous relationships with mortals.
Elli (Nordic) - This Goddess name means "old age." she reminds us that we can not defeat ageing, as she beat Thor in a wrestling contest. The name
Epona (Celtic) - Protector of horses, donkeys, and mules. She was also an ancient fertility Goddess. Epona's Goddess name comes from the Gaullist word “epos” meaning "great mare."
Ereshkigal (Sumerian) - Goddess of Attalu, the land of the dead and ancestral memories. Her name translates as "great lady under the earth." Irkalla is an alternative name by which this Goddess is identified.
Eris (Greek) - This Goddess personifies the energies of strife, discord, contention and rivalry.
Feronia (Roman) –Her fiery energy was linked to reproduction and the fire beneath the earth’s crust. She was associated with granting freedom to slaves, who walked across hot coals in her honour.
Flidais (Celtic) – The woodland goddess, protectress of wild animals and cattle.
Flora (Roman) – Goddess of flowers. Today the word "flora" is used to indicate all plant life.
Fortuna (Roman)- "Lady Luck," this blind Goddess controlled the fortunes of mankind. Our word fortune comes from this deity.
Freya (Nordic) - Goddess of love, beauty, fertility, war, wealth, divination and magic. Her name comes from the ancient Norse word for lady or mistress. There are several variations of the spellings of this Goddess name including: Freyja, Freyr and Freyja.
Frigg (Nordic) - Goddess of marriage, childbirth, motherhood, wisdom, household management and weaving and spinning. Her name means "beloved" in ancient Norse and is derived from “fri” meaning “to love." She is also known as Frige, Friia, Frija and Frea.
Gaia (Greek) - Goddess of the Earth and prophecy. She is the primordial mother and a personification of Mother Earth. She gave birth to the Titans. Her name is also spelt Gaeo.
Hanwi - (Sioux) She was originally the Moon Goddess, her name means "night sun," but she made a mistake and was later demoted to Goddess of the dawn and twilight.
Hathor Egyptian) - This heavenly cow's areas of influence included music, dancing, joy and fertility. Her name translates as "house of Horus". Alternative names for this Goddess are Het-Hert, Hetheru, Mehturt, Mehurt, Mehet-Weret, and Mehet-uret.
Hebe (Greek) – Hebe’s name literally means youth or in the prime of life. She was one of the daughters of Zeus and Hera. Her role was to serve the nectar and ambrosia to the Gods and Goddesses that prevented them from aging.
Hekate (Greek) - Goddess of the wild places, childbirth and the crossroads. She is closely associated with magic and witchcraft. Her name is said to be derived from the Greek word hekas, meaning "far off" describing her unworldly, shamanic nature. This Goddess’s name is also spelt, Hecate.
Hella (Nordic) - The fearsome Goddess of the Nordic realm of the dead. Her name is derived from the word kel, meaning "to conceal." There are numerous spellings of her name including Halje Hell, Hel, Helle, Hela and Holle.
Hemera (Greek) - The Primordial
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