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Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults
Adults suffering from attention deficit disorder are difficult to identify and treat. A therapist can help by examining symptoms and their reasons, and educating patients on how to create structure and make behavioural changes, and offering medication when necessary.
People with ADD/ADHD may have issues with hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive. Symptoms may include problems with memory loss, trouble waiting for their turn and difficulty concentrating on tasks or playing games.
The Signs of Inattention Type
The defining symptoms of this ADHD subtype are high distractibility and difficulty paying attention to the small details. Adults who have inattention ADHD typically have difficulty to complete tasks or tasks that require a sustained mental effort, like reading, writing and doing homework. They may have trouble remembering appointments or paying their bills and are susceptible to making impulsive errors in work or at home.
While the symptoms of inattentive ADHD may have first appeared during childhood, they tend to go undiagnosed because adults are expected to manage their impulsive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms on their own. Their issues can continue into adulthood and affect their relationships, school performance, and career advancement.
Attention-deficit ADHD symptoms include fumbling, difficulty playing quietly or participating in leisure activities, issues waiting for their turn, and blurting answers when the questions are not finished. They also tend to be late to classes or meetings and struggle to stay organized. Inattention ADHD sufferers often have trouble staying focused at work or school. They don't like boring meetings and often chew gum or drink coffee to get them through.
A health care provider will evaluate a patient to determine if they have any mental health or medical illnesses that may cause similar symptoms. Then, they'll examine their behavior history in order to determine if the person is suffering from ADD. You can ask to see the person's behavior under various situations by speaking to their parents as well as teachers and colleagues. The health care provider may also inquire about the individual's mood and recent medical history.
Most often, psychostimulants are used to boost alertness and improve brain signals. Adderall, Ritalin, Concerta and methylphenidates like Strattera (atomoxetine), Qelbree and Ritalin are just a few examples of these medications. Antidepressants that affect neurotransmitters in the brain are sometimes prescribed to those with inattentive ADHD in order to improve their mood and focus. They could include Wellbutrin (bupropion) and Effexor (venlafaxine). Non-stimulant drugs may also be used. These are less likely to cause side effects and include guanfacine (Intuniv), bupropion/atomoxetine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as Strattera.
Symptoms of Hyperactive/Impulsive Type
People with the hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD struggle to sit still and remain focused. This symptom can make it difficult for people to concentrate on their studies or work tasks, and may lead to careless mistakes. In addition, they often have trouble following instructions or completing complicated tasks. They also have trouble staying on task when playing games or engaging in leisure activities with other people. They are often disruptive and interrupt other players during games, discussions or other activities. They might squirm or fiddle with their hands or feet or squirm in their seats, or pacing while they listen or talk.
Children with the hyperactive/impulsive type of ADD often have trouble waiting for their turn to speak or play, and they may blurt out their answers before other people have finished speaking. They may have difficulty controlling their own behavior and be constantly on the move and are unable to slow down or stop at events like fairs or theme park. They may have difficulty with organizing tasks, completing projects over a long time or applying themselves to scheduled tasks or homework.
They typically have a low sense of their personal responsibility and experience trouble making and keeping friends. They may also have issues controlling their emotions, which could cause mood swings and extreme depression. They may also have difficulty managing their time and finances, which can make it easier for them to fall victim to financial scams.
Many people who suffer from ADHD are not diagnosed until they reach adulthood, when their symptoms become more evident. In their early years, they could have been overlooked by teachers or other adults who were unaware of their symptoms. They may have learned to compensate for their symptoms and thrived in a nurturing environment until they had to face the stress of working or having a family as their issues were more evident. In childhood, the male-to-female* ADHD ratio is higher. However it is more even when they reach adulthood.
People with ADHD often find that certain nutritional supplements, like multiple vitamin, NeurOmega fish oil, GABA or taurine and Brain Vitale or NeuroMemory can help to reduce anxiety and improve memory. Techniques for managing stress, such as deep breathing and regular exercise can be beneficial. They should discuss with their doctor all options for treatment, including stimulants (Strattera) and non-stimulants (Viloxazine) (Qelbree), and antidepressants (Wellbutrin).
Symptoms of Mixed Type
People with combined type ADHD exhibit symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive presentations. They have difficulty staying focused on tasks that require mental effort for a long time or causing things to stick in their heads, such as schoolwork or homework, chores or work. They also make careless mistakes at school, at work, and in their personal lives. These attention and impulse problems can cause a lot stress and cause problems in relationships.
The signs of this condition can vary in severity and can manifest at different stages of life. They include daydreaming and being easily distracted from their own thoughts, which can lead to the tendency to lose things like homework or keys; and difficulties following through on their tasks. They may also have difficulty staying still and may disrupt or take over leisure activities or games.
Someone with a mixed presentation of ADHD may find that some medications help and others don't. Therefore, it's recommended to test one at a time and evaluate the results carefully. Adults with this type of presentation who have been taking medications since they were teens should get a review of their treatment every 6 months, and particularly after any changes in lifestyle that might affect the amount of medication needed.
It is important to remember that ADD or ADHD doesn't affect race or ethnicity or gender, although it is believed to be more prevalent in those who are assigned a male at birth (AMAB). Adults who present with a number of symptoms but are unable to explain them are usually diagnosed.
There are a variety of ways to manage and treat ADD in adults, such as lifestyle modification, behavior therapy and medications. A combination of treatments is usually the best option, and medication can be prescribed in various forms, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine/amphetamine salts (Adderall), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), and atomoxetine (Strattera). These medications boost concentration by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. There are also non-stimulants available and are an excellent option for adults who do not want to take stimulants or require less of a dose.
Symptoms of Combined Type
For people with combined type ADHD, the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity appear together. Inattention symptoms can be evident as difficulty sitting still, forgetfulness or trouble finishing tasks, while hyperactivity and impulsivity can manifest as restlessness, fidgeting, squirming or blurting out answers without waiting for a complete question. They have a difficult time learning to stand in line or follow instructions. This leads to frustration and a tendency to break the rules.
Adults who have a combination of ADHD symptoms also have difficulties recognizing social boundaries within their environment, leading them to intrude into conversations or activities without considering how others might be feeling about it. They are more likely to have a hard to organize their lives and tend to get overwhelmed by large-scale projects. In ADHD symptoms in adults quiz , those who exhibit this ADHD presentation also have a history of depression or other mood disorders.
Making sure you have a clear diagnosis of ADHD is essential to determine the most effective treatment plan. Many adults suffering from ADHD are hesitant to seek assistance. However an accurate diagnosis can empower them and provide them the tools to manage their symptoms.
To receive a diagnosis, doctors must identify at least six symptoms of inattention and at least five symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity to a degree that interferes with daily functioning. These symptoms must be present before age 12 and persist for at least six months in order to be considered an ADHD diagnosis. The symptoms must also be severe enough to negatively impact the student's performance at school, at work or at home.
Experts do not fully understand why ADHD is a common occurrence. However, they do know that it is hereditary and certain genes increase the likelihood of a person developing the condition. They also know that brain chemistry and differences in brain structure are a factor and that some people get the disorder without a family history.
There are various behavioral treatments for adult ADHD, including structured routines and organizational strategies, talk therapy (Cognitive-behavioral therapy or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), exercise and healthy sleep habits. In many cases, these treatments can be more effective than medication.