Germany Secretary

Germany Secretary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Head of the Federal Foreign Office in the Central European country

^ Wright, Jonathan, Gustav Stresemann: Weimar's Greatest Statesman (2002)

^ "Federal Foreign OfficeThe History" . www.auswaertiges-amt.de . Archived from the original on 2006-06-16.

The federal minister for foreign affairs ( German : Bundesminister des Auswärtigen ) is the head of the Federal Foreign Office and a member of the Cabinet of Germany . The current office holder is Annalena Baerbock . Since 1966, the foreign minister has often also simultaneously held the office of vice chancellor .

The Foreign Office was established within the North German Confederation in 1870 and its head, first appointed in 1871, had the rank of Secretary of State. As the German constitution of 1871 installed the Chancellor as the sole responsible government minister and since the Chancellor generally also held the position of Foreign Minister of Prussia , the Secretary of State fulfilled a more subject role as an assistant to the Chancellor, acting largely to draft correspondence rather than to actually direct the formation of foreign policy. This was especially true during the chancellorships of Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890) and Bernhard von Bülow (1900–1909), both of whom had considerable prior experience with foreign affairs, while secretaries at other times wielded more influence over the foreign policy.

In 1919, the Weimar Republic elevated the head of the foreign office to the position of Foreign Minister responsible for his department. As governments were now formed by parties entering coalitions with each other, individual ministers also gained independence towards from the chancellor.

After a succession of short-lived ministers, Gustav Stresemann , leader of the small National-liberal German People's Party , held the office of Foreign Minister in successive cabinets from 1923 to his death 1929. His long term gave stability to Germany's foreign policy and improved the minister's position towards the relatively weak and short-lived chancellors. Stresemann was awarded the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize for his work for reconciliation between Germany and France. [1]

The foreign office remained relatively unaffected by the establishment of the Nazi regime in 1933, as minister Konstantin von Neurath , appointed in 1932, remained in office until 1938; however, the office was increasingly marginalised in actual policy-making and with the replacement of Neurath by Ribbentrop lost any independent standing.

After World War II , two separate German states emerged in 1949, the democratic Federal Republic of Germany in the West and the communist-ruled German Democratic Republic in the East. While the Soviet Union ostensibly restored political sovereignty to its satellite and allowed for a Foreign Ministry of the GDR , West Germany's sovereignty was officially curtailed by the Western powers, especially in the field of foreign policy. In 1951 the Foreign Office was reestablished [2] in West Germany, but Chancellor Konrad Adenauer was required to hold the office of Foreign Minister until the Western powers restored sovereignty to West Germany in 1955. Then, Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo succeeded as foreign minister in 1955. In 1990, the GDR ceased to exist as a separate state and its territory was reunited with West Germany.

From the 1966 Grand Coalition government of Kurt Georg Kiesinger onwards, the office has been held by a member of the smaller partner in coalitions. Therefore, the Foreign Minister also mostly holds the office of Vice Chancellor of Germany , although this has become less common in recent years - neither of the two most recent Foreign Ministers, Heiko Maas and Annalena Baerbock , have been Vice Chancellor, with the Vice Chancellorship being held by Finance Minister Olaf Scholz during Maas' tenure, and by Economy and Climate Minister Robert Habeck during Baerbock's.

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German : Bundesminister des Auswärtigen
Brockdorff, Ulrich Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau (1869–1928)
Müller, Hermann Hermann Müller (1876–1931)
Köster, Adolf Adolf Köster (1883–1930)
Simons, Walter Walter Simons (1861–1937)
Rosen, Friedrich Friedrich Rosen (1856–1935)
Wirth, Joseph Joseph Wirth (1879–1956) Acting
Rathenau, Walther Walther Rathenau (1867–1922)
Wirth, Joseph Joseph Wirth (1879–1956) Acting
Rosenberg, Hans Hans von Rosenberg (1879–1956)
Stresemann, Gustav Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929)
Curtius, Julius Julius Curtius (1877–1948)
Brüning, Heinrich Heinrich Brüning (1885–1970)
Neurath, Konstantin Konstantin von Neurath (1873–1956) (Independent until 1937)
Ribbentrop, Joachim Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893–1946)
Seyss, Arthur Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1892–1946)
Dertinger, Georg Georg Dertinger (1902–1968)
Ackermann, Anton Anton Ackermann (1905–1973)
Bolz, Lothar Lothar Bolz (1903–1986)
Winzer, Otto Otto Winzer (1902–1975)
Fischer, Oskar Oskar Fischer (1923–2020)
Meckel, Markus Markus Meckel (born 1952)
Maizière, Lothar Lothar de Maizière (born 1940)
Adenauer, Konrad Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967)
Tremezzo, Heinrich Heinrich von Brentano (1904–1964)
Schröder, Gerhard Gerhard Schröder (1910–1989)
Brandt, Willy Willy Brandt (1913–1992)
Scheel, Walter Walter Scheel (1919–2016)
Genscher, Hans Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1927–2016)
Schmidt, Helmut Helmut Schmidt (1918–2015)
Genscher, Hans Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1927–2016)
Kinkel, Klaus Klaus Kinkel (1936–2019)
Fischer, Joschka Joschka Fischer (born 1948)
Steinmeier, Frank Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956)
Westerwelle, Guido Guido Westerwelle (1961–2016)
Steinmeier, Frank Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956)
Gabriel, Sigmar Sigmar Gabriel (born 1959)
Baerbock, Annalena Annalena Baerbock (born 1980)

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Home Germany Germany: Secretary Blinken and Minister Baerbock Discuss Ukraine Situation and Iran

Imanuel Marcus

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© 2022 - The Berlin Spectator. All Rights Reserved.
In Berlin, U.S. Secretary of State Anthony Blinken and Germany’s Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock held talks about their approach in the Ukraine crisis Russia is causing. Their goal is to “ease the tensions”, and their weapon is diplomacy.
Berlin, January 20th, 2022 (The Berlin Spectator) — In Berlin, Annalena Baerbock and Anthony Blinken sent another unambiguous message to Moscow. “We are urgently calling on Russia to take deescalating steps. More aggressiveness will have grave ramifications”, Annalena Baerbock said. The efforts undertaken by Germany, the U.S. and other partners were about “nothing less than the preservation of peace in Europe”, which was existential and needed to be protected. Even if the necessary measures had economic ramifications they would be taken, the new German Foreign Minister vowed.
Mrs. Baerbock also said NATO’s Secretary General Stoltenberg had just invited the members of the organization’s Russia Council to a new round of talks. This was an important signal. In spite of the “fundamental differences” that existed, those talks had potential. The Minister also announced another visit to Ukraine with her French colleague Jean-Yves Le Drian, which is supposed to take place “soon”.
With Secretary Blinken, she also talked about another crisis, namely Iran and the stalling negotiations about the agreement known as ‘Iran Deal’ in Vienna. The United States and Germany acted in concert in this regard too, the Minister stated. Iran was in the process of extending its nuclear program. Therefore, the timeframe for a resolution of this conflict was closing rapidly. Annalena Baerbock said the JCPOA talks were in a crucial phase. Progress was urgently needed here as well.
Anthony Blinken summarized the goals of his country and its partners very well: They were “to seek a diplomatic path, to ease the tensions caused by Russia’s massing of troops along Ukraine’s borders, to deter a further Russian invasion or destabilization of Ukraine and to address legitimate security concerns put forward by Russia, by the United States and by Europe, through dialogue, not through aggression.” He stressed the importance of “upholding the international rules that have provided the foundation, for peace, for security, for prosperity in Europe and beyond, for decades.”
Blinken said he was “here to consult and coordinate with allies and partners about how to proceed”. His talks with Annalena Baerbock, Jean-Yves Le Drian and the United Kingdom’s Deputy Foreign Secretary James Cleverly in Berlin took three hours. After his press conference with his German colleague he held a speech at an event organized by the ‘Atlantik-Brücke’ after which he was scheduled to head to the chancellery for talks with Chancellor Olaf Scholz. On Friday, Blinken will meet his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov in Geneva.
On Tuesday, Mrs. Baerbock had been in Moscow , where she held talks with Lavrov and accused Russia of threatening Ukraine . During her visit, and today in Berlin, she hinted the North Stream 2 natural gas pipeline project was on the line here too. The German Foreign Minister also stressed diplomacy was “the only practical way”.
I am Imanuel Marcus, The Berlin Spectator's founder and main editor. Before I came to Berlin, I lived all over the place, including in former Yugoslavia, where I was a war reporter. As a foreign correspondent for German and Swiss radio stations, I worked in the U.S. for almost 6 years. I also lived in Bulgaria and Mexico, meaning I know what it is like to be an expatriate. But I am a former Hamburger in Berlin.
Contact me here: imanuelmarcus (at) gmail.com
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Federal Foreign Office: Annalena Baerbock, Economy and Climate Protection: Robert Habeck
Education: Bettina Stark-Watzinger, Food and Agriculture: Cem Özdemir
From Federal Chancellor Scholz to Federal President Steinmeier: New and familiar faces at Germany’s helm.
For the first time, Germany will be governed by a coalition of SDP, Greens and FDP – a sign of a changed party political landscape.
The SPD, the Greens and the FDP want to form Germany’s new government coalition. These are their most important policies.
Germany’s new Federal Government has taken office. We show you governs alongside Federal Chancellor Olaf Scholz.
Germany has a new Federal Government. The governing coalition of the SPD, the Greens and the FDP is headed by the Social Democrat Olaf Scholz as Federal Chancellor and successor to Angela Merkel. We introduce the new head of government and ministers:
The new Federal Chancellor Olaf Scholz was Merkel’s Vice Chancellor and Federal Finance Minister during the last parliament. Previously, the qualified lawyer has held office, among others, as Federal Minister of Labour and First Mayor of Hamburg. In other words, Scholz has played an important role in German politics for many years in both a national and international context. Following the victory of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in the Bundestag election of September 2021, he has succeeded in forming a coalition of the Social Democrats with the Greens and the liberal FDP.
Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck takes charge of a new economic affairs and climate ministry. The Green politician was Deputy Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany’s most northerly state, from 2012 to 2017. He became Federal Chair of the Alliance 90/The Greens in 2018. Among other things, he is tasked with making progress towards the new government’s ambitious climate protection goals.

Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock is the first woman at the head of the Federal Foreign Office. During the election campaign she was also the first chancellor candidate in the history of the Greens, which she has led jointly with Habeck since 2018. Baerbock has been a member of the German Bundestag since 2013. As Federal Foreign Minister, she wants, among other things, to support international cooperation in the field of climate change mitigation.
Finance Minister Christian Lindner has been Federal Chair of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) since 2013. In 2017 he led his party back into the Bundestag, where the Liberals had not been represented for the previous four years. Since then he has also been Chair of the FDP Parliamentary Group in the Bundestag. He takes charge of a major department in the new government as head of the Federal Finance Ministry.
As the largest party in the governing coalition the SPD takes a total of six ministries in the new government. Federal Health Minister in the new Federal Government is Karl Lauterbach . He has gained considerable standing among the population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and initially his work will be dominated by the fight against coronavirus. In future, the Federal Interior Ministry will be led by Nancy Faeser , who was previously SPD Chair and Leader of the Opposition in the State Parliament of Hesse. The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs remains in the hands of Hubertus Heil , who has been minister here since 2018. The Federal Ministry of Defence will be headed by Christine Lambrecht , who was responsible for justice from 2019 and also the family affairs brief from 2021. The newly created Federal Construction Ministry is led by Klara Geywitz from Brandenburg, who stood as a candidate for the SPD party chair jointly with Federal Chancellor Scholz in 2019. The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development is headed by Svenja Schulze . She was Federal Environment Ministry in the last government from 2018. Head of the Federal Chancellery with the rank of a minister is Wolfgang Schmidt , a close advisor of Federal Chancellor Scholz and previously State Secretary in the Finance Ministry.
In addition to the economic affairs and climate change brief, the Greens are also taking control of three other ministries. The Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth is led by Anne Spiegel . She used to be Integration and Family Affairs Minister in Rhineland-Palatinate. Steffi Lemke is Federal Minister for the Environment and Nature Conservation . She was Federal Chief Executive of her party for over ten years and gained considerable experience as a member of the Bundestag. The Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture goes to Cem Özdemir . He was Chair of the Greens for ten years, has been a member of the Bundestag and the European Parliament – and is now the first Federal Minister with a Turkish immigrant background.
Alongside the finance brief, the FDP will hold three other ministries. FDP General Secretary Volker Wissing is the Federal Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure . He was previously Deputy Minister President and Economics and Transport Minister in Rhineland-Palatinate. The Federal Justice Ministry goes to Marco Buschmann . He was previously Head of the FDP Parliamentary Group in the Bundestag. Bettina Stark-Watzinger is the new Federal Minister of Education and Research . She is Chair of the FDP in Hesse and has been a member of the Bundestag since 2017.
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By MARKUS SCHREIBER and KIRSTEN GRIESHABER Associated Press
FILE - In this July 18, 2017 file photo, the wooden main gate leads into the former Nazi German Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo, Poland. An elderly secretary of the former SS commandant of Stutthof is going on trial on Thursday in Germany on charges of more than 11,000 counts of accessory to murder(. AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski, file)
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Officials say a former secretary for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp skipped the start of her trial in Germany on more than 11,000 counts of accessory to murder
ITZEHOE, Germany -- A former secretary for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp skipped the start Thursday of her trial in Germany on more than 11,000 counts of accessory to murder. She was picked up several hours later and ordered held in custody.
The 96-year-old woman left her home near Hamburg in a taxi on Thursday morning, a few hours before proceedings were due to start at the state court in Itzehoe, court spokeswoman Frederike Milhoffer said.
The court issued an arrest warrant and delayed the reading of the indictment until the next scheduled hearing on Oct. 19 because that couldn't be done in the defendant's absence.
The accused woman previously had “announced that she didn't want to come” to court, but that did not provide sufficient grounds for detaining her ahead of the trial, Milhoffer said. Given the woman's age and condition, she had not been expected “actively to evade the trial,” Milhoffer added.
Police found the defendant and she was brought to the court on Thursday afternoon. A court statement said that she was being taken to a detention center.
Prosecutors argue that the woman was part of the apparatus that helped the Nazi's Stutthof camp function during World War II more than 75 years ago.
The court said in a statement before the trial that the defendant allegedly “aided and abetted those in charge of the camp in the systematic killing of those imprisoned there between June 1943 and April 1945 in her function as a stenographer and typist in the camp commandant’s office.”
Despite her advanced age, the German woman was to be tried in juvenile court because she was under 21 at the time of the alleged crimes. German media identified her as Irmgard Furchner.
Efraim Zuroff, the head Nazi hunter at the Simon Wiesenthal Center’s office in Jerusalem, told The Associated Press that “if she is healthy enough to flee, she is healthy enough to be incarcerated.”
Her flight, he added, “should also affect the punishment.”
The case against Furchner relies on German legal precedent established in cases over the past decade that anyone who helped Nazi death camps and concentration camps function can be prosecuted as an accessory to the murders committed there, even without evidence of participation in a specific crime.
A defense lawyer told Der Spiegel magazine that the trial would center on whether the 96-year-old had knowledge of the atrocities that happened at the camp.
“My client worked in the midst of SS men who were experienced in violence — however, does that mean she shared their state of knowledge? That is not necessarily obvious,” lawyer Wolf Molkentin said.
According to other media reports, Furchner was questioned as a witness during past Nazi trials and said at the t
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