Generate Private Key
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Generate Private Key
Frank Rietta
—
2012-01-27
(Last Updated: 2019-10-22 )
While Encrypting a File with a Password from the Command Line using OpenSSL
is very useful in its own right, the real power of the OpenSSL library is its
ability to support the use of public key cryptograph for encrypting or
validating data in an unattended manner (where the password is not required to
encrypt) is done with public keys.
You can generate a public and private RSA key pair like this:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out private.pem 2048
That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provide
and writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You will
use this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it can
only be read with the private key.
openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem
The -pubout flag is really important . Be sure to include it.
Next open the public.pem and ensure that it starts with
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- . This is how you know that this file is the
public key of the pair and not a private key.
To check the file from the command line you can use the less command, like this:
A previous version of the post gave this example in error.
openssl rsa -in private.pem -out private_unencrypted.pem -outform PEM
The error is that the -pubout was dropped from the end of the command.
That changes the meaning of the command from that of exporting the public key
to exporting the private key outside of its encrypted wrapper. Inspecting the
output file, in this case private_unencrypted.pem clearly shows that the key
is a RSA private key as it starts with -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- .
It is important to visually inspect you private and public key files to make
sure that they are what you expect. OpenSSL will clearly explain the nature of
the key block with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- or -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- .
You can use less to inspect each of your two files in turn:
The next section shows a full example of what each key file should look like.
The generated files are base64-encoded encryption keys in plain text format.
If you select a password for your private key, its file will be encrypted with
your password. Be sure to remember this password or the key pair becomes useless.
Depending on the nature of the information you will protect, it’s important to
keep the private key backed up and secret. The public key can be distributed
anywhere or embedded in your web application scripts, such as in your PHP,
Ruby, or other scripts. Again, backup your keys!
Remember, if the key goes away the data encrypted to it is gone. Keeping a
printed copy of the key material in a sealed envelope in a bank safety deposit
box is a good way to protect important keys against loss due to fire or hard
drive failure.
If you, dear reader, were planning any funny business with the private key that I have just published here. Know that they were made especially for this series of blog posts. I do not use them for anything else.
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openssl - Use RSA private key to generate public key ? - Stack Overflow
Generate OpenSSL RSA Key Pair from the Command Line
Generating a Secure Shell (SSH) Public/ Private Key Pair
How to Generate A Public/ Private SSH Key [Linux]
SSH/OpenSSH/ Keys - Community Help Wiki | Generating RSA Keys
Cloud Cloud Platform Database Classic Cloud Service
Administering Oracle Database Classic Cloud Service
To generate an SSH key pair on UNIX and UNIX-like platforms using the ssh-keygen utility:
To generate an SSH key pair on Windows using the PuTTYgen program:
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Several tools exist to generate SSH public/private key pairs. The following sections show how to generate an SSH key pair on UNIX, UNIX-like and Windows platforms.
UNIX and UNIX-like platforms (including Solaris and Linux) include the ssh-keygen utility to generate SSH key pairs.
The ssh-keygen utility prompts you for a passphrase for the private key.
While a passphrase is not required, you should specify one as a security measure to protect the private key from unauthorized use. When you specify a passphrase, a user must enter the passphrase every time the private key is used.
The ssh-keygen utility prompts you to enter the passphrase again.
The PuTTYgen program is part of PuTTY, an open source networking client for the Windows platform.
To download PuTTY or PuTTYgen, go to http://www.putty.org/ and click the You can download PuTTY here link.
The PuTTY Key Generator window is displayed.
As the key is being generated, move the mouse around the blank area as directed.
While a passphrase is not required, you should specify one as a security measure to protect the private key from unauthorized use. When you specify a passphrase, a user must enter the passphrase every time the private key is used.
Make sure you select all the characters, not just the ones you can see in the narrow window. If a scroll bar is next to the characters, you aren't seeing all the characters.
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