Gender Blending
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Gender Blending
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Gender Blending; Confronting the Limits of Duality Paperback – October 22, 1989
by
Aaron Devor
(Author)
5.0 out of 5 stars
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Gender Blending offers a deeper appreciation of the social construction of gender. Any woman who has questioned the value of the concept of femininity will find the experiences of these gender blending females revealing and important to view of woman's place in patriarchy.
Publisher
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Indiana University Press; First Edition (October 22, 1989) Language
:
English Paperback
:
192 pages ISBN-10
:
0253205336 ISBN-13
:
978-0253205339 Item Weight
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12.2 ounces Dimensions
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9.14 x 6.09 x 0.6 inches
5.0 out of 5 stars
2 ratings
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Holly Devor Gender Blending: Confronting the Limits of Duality (Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 1989) 178 pages This book explores childhood enculturation to have either conventional 'masculine' traits (such as being active and assertive, and being competent to cope with the world of work) or conventional 'feminine' traits (such as being sensitive, compassionate, and better prepared to deal with relationships). Parents create these characteristics in their children by subtle reinforcement and disapproval, even while they assume they are just observing these personality attributes emerging. And sometimes a large girl is reinforced to be a "tomboy". Or a frail and delicate boy is raised as a "sissy". Some girls are raised more like boys to replace a missing or absent boy in the family. And some boys are raised like girls to replace a missing or absent girl in the family. Parents reinforce the traits they want in their children --even sometimes when these personality characteristics are not the conventional traits expected for a boy or a girl. If you would like to discover other books along this line, search the Internet for: "Best Books on Gender-Personality". James Leonard Park, creator of the Gender-Pattern Chart.
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Gender Blending examines the social construction of gender and its implications for the lives of gender blending females and for society in general. Aaron Devor constructs a theory which interprets gender as a social distinction related to, but different from, biological sex. Devor defines gender as a status learned by displaying the culturally defined insignia of the gender category with which one identifies.
Fifteen women who have to varying degrees rejected traditional femininity, but not their femaleness, discuss their lives with Devor. These women, sometimes mistaken for men, choose to minimize their female vulnerability in a patriarchal world by minimizing their femininity. During childhood, their reaction to their secondary status in society, as potential victims of violence and exploitation, was often to be a tomboy. Now, in adulthood, their gender identity does not fit either of the two roles socially and culturally defined as feminine and masculine.
Gender Blending offers a deeper appreciation of the social construction of gender. Any woman who has questioned the value of the concept of femininity will find the experiences of these gender blending females revealing and important to a view of woman's place in the patriarchy.
Devor's Gender Blending is a pathfinding study that creates a new frontier in sex and gender research.
Its readable style achieves a unique balance of the personal with scientific rigor.
A major contribution to the understanding of gender.
Aaron Devor, PhD, FSSSS, FSTLHE, is the Founder and Academic Director of the world's largest Transgender Archives, the world's first Research Chair in Transgender Studies, a former Dean of Graduate Studies (2002-2012), and a professor of Sociology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada.
Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more
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Lauren Lubin seeks to produce a new documentary that explores the 'third gender'
Lauren Lubin is breaking the mold. The filmmaker and former Division I basketball player has decided to document her transition from being a woman to becoming a member of the "third gender," which she defines as being gender netural. Explaining the term, Lubin describes it as being not a member of the "male" or "female" gender, but instead identifying as something unique and seperate from those labels.
A documentary, titled Gender Blender, will follow Lubin on her journey and document the surgeries, reactions, and quirks along the way. "Unlike most transsexuals, I won't be transitioning to the opposite sex," says Lubin, describing her future plans. "I'll be removing my breasts and becoming netural. This third gender type is natural to me, and has been this way since I was a child."
Her goal in creating the film is to shine light on a subject that hasn't recieved any attention in recent years. "The transgender community is often misunderstood, and therefore underrepresented. I truly believe that most people just don't know what it means, nor feels like, to be transgender."
Click here for more information about the documentary or to donate to the Kickstarter campaign and check out the trailer for the future documentary below!
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Holly Devor’s Gender Blending is a pathfinding study that creates a new frontier in sex and gender research. In this work, the author explicates the quadruple helix of sex (“biological status”), gender (“social status as either a man or a woman”), sex identity (personal acceptance “in a particular sex category as either a male or a female”), and gender role (“those actions, thoughts, behaviors, and beliefs which distinguish one as a member of a gender category, i.e. masculinity and femininity”) (p. vii). Devor presents these four components of gender articulated within a pervasive and dominant North American gender schema, the shared belief that gender is “natural” and binary.
Gender, from its abstract conceptualization as both recursive and reflexive, emerges clearly as a lived struggle for the fifteen gender-blending females who are at the core of the research. The population is characterized by their presentation that “incorporates elements . . . from both the standard masculine gender role and the standard feminine gender role . . . [so that] people who do not know them personally often, but not always” mistake the gender-blending women for men (p. viii). For the majority, “mistakes had been an everyday occurrence, to the point where they no longer automatically expected to be correctly identified as females by strangers” (p. ix).
Devor more than meets her goal of establishing parameters for the category of gender blending; she also identifies commonalities and patterns in the experiences of her population through the in-depth case history method. Her research population is transformed from a categorical group into individuals whose voices and lives are richly interwoven throughout the last half of the book. Devor ‘s intent to consider some of the theoretical, personal, social and political meanings and implications of a blended gender status” (p. viii) results in an innovative and integrative contribution to sex and gender research. Her theoretical construction is a dynamic interlocking of the individual as situated within a system of patriarchal assumptions and definitions and the interplay between the individual, the family, and the dominant gender schema of society. Gender blenders operate as a window on our western gender schema, which supports “a sexist society by propagating an ideology of an innate and entirely pervasive, sex determined social structure” (p. 147).
Devor is concerned with the social constitution of gender as a ramifying system of inequality, the experience of gender blending as a lived phenomenon—incorporating the male standard yet critical of it—and the contradiction between the gender attribution process and the extant dominant gender schema. A thoroughly feminist and postmodern discourse, her work is deconstructive in that it seeks to question both the mundane and the scientific discourse that takes biology (sex) as central in the definition of gender.
In the first three chapters, the author exposes the “incorrigible propositions”—unwaveringly held beliefs (p. 155)—inherent in western scientific paradigms as well as the dominant gender schema of North Americans. “Sex is seen as wholly determining gender and largely determining gender role. … It is presumed that there are normally two, and only two, sexes. . . . Sex is believed to so strongly determine gender that these two classifications are commonly conflated to the extent the terms are used interchangeably” (p. 46). While the schema proceeds from physical sex (female/male) to gender status (girl/woman, boy/man) to gender role (femininity/masculinity), the actual process of attributing gender in daily encounters occurs in reverse, with an individual’s masculinity/femininity leading to the attribution of womanhood/manhood by an audience-at-large, with the presumption of concordant genitalia (not readily visible). In this light, “gender is a social product produced . . . in dynamic interactions and given meaning through the cognitive framework of the dominant gender schema” (p. 149).
Devor questions the literature on gender anomalies that links gender identity and gender role behaviors to chromosomal or hormonal factors, and she explores various theories of gender acquisition including psychoanalysis, social learning, and cognitive development theory. Devor sets the stage for the remainder of the book with a discussion of gender schema theory, focusing on the ramifications of male privilege in the western gender schema and subsequent implications for the process of the attribution of gender in daily encounters. Gender blenders were mistaken as a result of the presence of male symbols and the absence of clearly marked femininity in their presentation of self. “When there is a doubt as to the gender of an individual people have a pronounced tendency to see maleness” (p. 49).
The next four chapters represent the bulk of the research findings. The reader witnesses the gender-blending females’ family lives and early socialization, their histories of tomboyism, and their resistance to conventional femininity and its implicit heterosexuality. Devor presents a compelling argument concerning the social attributes of sex identity. In a period in history where arguments espousing the biological basis of homosexual and lesbian choices have gained a certain prominence, Devor’s analysis is refreshing and insightful. She balances the importance of gender role and identity in shaping sexuality. Of the fifteen women (most of whom had tried heterosexuality), only four remained heterosexual, while eleven were exclusively lesbian at the time of the research. That Devor did not make this the consolidating feature of her research is to her credit and reiterates her interpretive scheme of a sexuality built upon and consolidated around gender identity/gender role. Devor details for the reader the dilemmas and coping strategies of the gender blenders, who were puzzled, angered, and empowered by the attribution of maleness. She concludes her presentation of the “possibilities” for altering the dominant schema with these words: “Gender, as we now think of it, is an artifact of sex. Were gender to become divided from sex, it would begin to lose its meaning and it would become impossible to use gender as a basis for sex discrimination” (p. 154).
Gender Blending is notable on several grounds. Devor’s approach is multidisciplinary; it synthesizes the relationship of psychodynamic processes within a broader sociocultural matrix so that the reader moves easily between the individual and society, the micro and the macro level of analysis. She presents the heterogeneity of her population (illustrated artfully by the author’s photographs of the participants) while highlighting their similarities with descriptive detail. Finally, Devor’s work challenges conventional clinical typologies of transsexualism and transvestism by presenting gender identity as dynamic and socially embedded in a complex web of meanings and interactions. Holly Devor has presented a well-researched and theoretically stimulating work of great significance for the field of sex and gender studies.
Holly Devor has explored the social meaning of gender in an interesting and unusual study. The book explores the experiences of 15 gender-blending women. All 15 women have had frequent experiences of being mistaken for men for at least five and usually 10 or more years. These mistakes usually occur in public places, frequently with clerks in stores, but also, with more serious consequences, with police and others who require proof of identity.
Although the number of women studied is small and gender-blending as defining by Devor is a rare phenomenon for most women, these women’s experiences are pivotal for understanding the social construction of gender. As the subtitle of the book implies, it is through the experiences of gender-blending women that we realize the limits of the common assumptions that biological sex is dichotomous and forms the basis for the assignment of social gender in our society. Devor argues that gender cues associated with masculinity and femininity form the basis for inferring biological sex rather than the reverse.
Indeed most of us, including the women Devor interviewed, assume that to be biologically female is sufficient to determine our inclusion in the social category “woman.” The experiences of gender-blending women show that biological femaleness is not sufficient for some women who chose to present themselves in
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