Галерея 3496924
Галерея 3496924
International Cricket Live – New Zealand v England (First Test - Day 5)
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Br J Nutr. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 Nov 14.
Satu Männistö, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;
Correspondence and requests for reprints to: Satu Männistö, Ph.D. National Institute for Health and Welfare (formerly National Public Health Institute) Department of Chronic Disease Prevention P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland telephone: +358-20 610 8594, fax: +358-20 610 8338 if.lht@otsinnam.utas ,
The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Br J Nutr
Keywords: cohort study, epidemiology, meat, processed meat, diabetes
* All differences were statistically significant, except for diastolic blood pressure and leisure time physical activity
* Adjusted for age and intervention group.
† Adjusted further for body mass index, number of cigarettes smoked daily, smoking years, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leisure-time physical activity, and intakes of alcohol and energy.
‡ Adjusted further for consumption of fruit, vegetables, rye, milk and coffee
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4. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997; 20 :537–44. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
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1. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21 :1414–31. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
2. Parillo M, Riccardi G. Diet composition and the risk of type 2 diabetes: epidemiological and clinical evidence. Br J Nutrition. 2004; 92 :7–19. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
3. Vazques G, Duval S, Jacobs DR, Jr, Silventoinen K. Comparison of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio in predicting incident diabetes: a meta-analysis. Epidemiol reviews. 2007; 29 :115–28. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
4. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997; 20 :537–44. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
5. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, et al.for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344 :1343–50. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
7. van Dam RM, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Diabetes care. 2002; 25 :417–24. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
8. Fung TT, Schulze M, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Dietary patterns, meat intake, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164 :2235–40. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
9. Song Y, Manson JE, Buring JE, Liu S. A prospective study of red meat consumption and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly women. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27 :2108–15. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
10. Villegas R, Shu XO, Gao YT, et al. The association of meat intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes may be modified by body weight. Int J Med Sci. 2006; 3 :152–9. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
13. The ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene lung cancer prevention study: design, methods, participant characteristics, and compliance. Ann Epidemiol. 1994; 4 :1–10. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
14. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330 :1029–35. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
15. Pietinen P, Hartman AM, Haapa E, et al. Reproducibility and validity of dietary assessment instruments. I. A self-administered food use questionnaire with a portion size picture booklet. Am J Epidemiol. 1988; 128 :655–66. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
16. Willett W. Nutritional Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; Oxford: 1998. [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
17. R Development Core Team . R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Vienna, Austria: 2008. [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
18. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Processed meat intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Diabetologia. 2003; 46 :1465–73. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
19. Vang A, Singh PN, Lee JW, Haddad EH, Brinegar CH. Meats, processed meats, obesity, weight gain and occurrence of diabetes among adults: findings from adventist health studies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008; 52 :96–104. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
28. Damiao R, Castro TG, Cardoso MA, et al. Dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome in a cohort of Japanese ancestry. Br J Nutr. 2006; 96 :532–8. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
29. Mennen LI, Lafay L, Feskens EJM, et al. Possible protective effect of bread and dairy products on the risk of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res. 2000; 20 :335–347. [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
30. Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Red meat intake is associated with metabol
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