Галерея 3462093

Галерея 3462093
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J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther

v.12(2); Apr-Jun 2007

PMC3462093

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J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Apr-Jun; 12(2): 68–76.
2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

4 Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee

Address correspondence to: Julia L. Hurwitz, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN, email: gro.edujts@ztiwruh.ailuj
Copyright © 2007 Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group.
Keywords: clinical trial, envelope, HIV-1 vaccine, Immunology, multi-vector
1. Janeway CA, Jr., Travers P, Walport M. Immunobiology, the immune system in health and disease. New York, NY: Garland Publishing; 2005. et al. [ Google Scholar ]
2. Hammarlund E, Lewis MW, Hansen SG. Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination. Nat Med. 2003; 9 :1131–1137. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
3. Berman PW, Gregory TJ, Riddle L. Protection of chimpanzees from infection by HIV-1 after vaccination with recombinant glycoprotein gp120 but not gp160. Nature. 1990; 345 :622–625. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
4. Hu SL, Abrams K, Barber GN. Protection of macaques against SIV infection by subunit vaccines of SIV envelope glycoprotein gp160. Science. 1992; 255 :456–459. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
5. Belshe RB, Graham BS, Keefer MC. Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 in seronegative volunteers immunized with recombinant gp120 from the MN strain of HIV-1. JAMA. 1994; 272 :475–480. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
6. Graham BS, Matthews TJ, Belshe RB. Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibody by priming with gp160 recombinant vaccinia and boosting with rgp160 in vaccinia-naive adults. J Infect Dis. 1993; 167 :533–537. the NIAID AIDS vaccine clinical trials network. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
7. Belshe RB, Bolognesi DP, Clements ML. HIV infection in vaccinated volunteers. JAMA. 1994; 272 :431. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
8. Berman PW, Gray AM, Wrin T. Genetic and immunologic characterization of viruses infecting MN-rgp120-vaccinated volunteers. J Infect Dis. 1997; 176 :384–397. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
9. Preston BD, Poiesz BJ, Loeb LA. Fidelity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Science. 1988; 242 :1168–1171. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
10. Roberts JD, Bebenek K, Kunkel TA. The accuracy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1. Science. 1988; 242 :1171–1173. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
11. Rencher SD, Hurwitz JL. Effect of natural HIV-1 envelope V1–V2 sequence diversity on the binding of V3 and non-V3-specific antibodies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997; 16 :69–73. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
12. Rencher SD, Lockey TD, Slobod KS. Drift from the GPGRAF HIV-1 envelope V3 crown sequence in a North American inner city. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997; 13 :527–528. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
13. Slobod KS, Rencher SD, Farmer A. HIV type 1 envelope sequence diversity in an inner city community. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994; 10 :873–875. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
14. Lockey TD, Slobod KS, Rencher SD. Fluctuating diversity in the HTLV-IIIB virus stock: Implications for neutralization and challenge experiments. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996; 12 :1297–1299. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
15. Siciliano SJ, Kuhmann SE, Weng Y. A critical site in the core of the CCR5 chemokine receptor required for binding and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274 :1905–1913. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
16. Biagini RE, Schlottmann SA, Sammons DL. Method for simultaneous measurement of antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003; 10 :744–750. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
17. Hurwitz JL, Slobod KS, Lockey TD. Application of the polyvalent approach to HIV-1 vaccine development. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. 2005; 5 :143–156. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
18. Slobod KS, Coleclough C, Bonsignori M. HIV vaccine rationale, design and testing. Curr HIV Res. 2005; 3 :107–112. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
19. Zhan X, Slobod KS, Surman S. Minor components of a multi-envelope HIV vaccine are recognized by type-specific T-helper cells. Vaccine. 20; 22 :1206–1213. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
20. Slobod KS, Brown SA, Surman S. Overcoming diversity with a multi-envelope HIV vaccine. Curr Top Virol. 2004; 4 :159–168. et al. [ Google Scholar ]
21. Lockey TD, Slobod KS, Caver TE. Multi-envelope HIV vaccine safety and immunogenicity in small animals and chimpanzees. Immunol Res. 2000; 21 :7–21. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
22. Rencher SD, Slobod KS, Dawson D. Does the key to a successful HIV vaccine lie among the envelope sequences of infected individuals? AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995; 11 :1131–1133. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
23. Zhan X, Martin LN, Slobod KS. Multi-envelope HIV-1 vaccine devoid of SIV components controls disease in macaques challenged with heterologous pathogenic SHIV. Vaccine. 2005; 23 :5306–5320. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
24. Daniel MD, Kirchhoff F, Czajak SC. Protective effects of a live attenuated SIV vaccine with a deletion in the nef gene. Science. 1992; 258 :1938–1941. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
25. Wrin T, Crawford L, Sawyer L. Neutralizing antibody responses to autologous and heterologous isolates of human immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994; 7 :211–219. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
26. Richman DD, Wrin T, Little SJ. Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100 :4144–4149. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
27. Tsui R, Herring BL, Barbour JD. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection was not detected following 215 years of injection drug user exposure. J Virol. 2004; 78 :94–103. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
28. Gonzales MJ, Delwart E, Rhee SY. Lack of detectable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection during 1072 person-years of observation. J Infect Dis. 2003; 188 :397–405. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
29. Goldman GS. Incidence of herpes zoster among children and adolescents in a community with moderate varicella vaccination coverage. Vaccine. 2003; 21 :4243–4249. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
30. Hofmann-Lehmann R, Vlasak J, Rasmussen RA. Postnatal passive immunization of neonatal macaques with a triple combination of human monoclonal antibodies against oral simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge. J Virol. 2001; 75 :7470–7480. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
31. Mascola JR, Louder MK, VanCott TC. Potent and synergistic neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 primary isolates by hyperimmune anti-HIV immunoglobulin combined with monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 2G12. J Virol. 1997; 71 :7198–7206. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
32. Brown SA, Lockey TD, Slaughter C. T cell epitope “hotspots” on the HIV Type 1 gp120 envelope protein overlap with tryptic fragments displayed by mass spectrometry. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005; 21 :165–170. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
33. Brown SA, Stambas J, Zhan X. Clustering of Th cell epitopes on exposed regions of HIV envelope despite defects in antibody activity. J Immunol. 2003; 171 :4140–4148. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
34. Surman S, Lockey TD, Slobod KS. Localization of CD4+ T cell epitope hotspots to exposed strands of HIV envelope glycoprotein suggests structural influences on antigen processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98 :4587–4592. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
35. Brown SA, Slobod KS, Surman S. Individual HIV type 1 envelope-specific T cell responses and epitopes do not segregate by virus subtype. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006; 22 :188–194. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
36. Clark HF, Offit PA, Plotkin SA. The new pentavalent rotavirus vaccine composed of bovine (strain WC3)-human rotavirus reassortants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006; 25 :577–583. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
37. Offit PA. Rotavirus vaccines: round two. Hum Vaccin. 2006; 2 :84–85. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
38. Richmond JF, Mustafa F, Lu S. Screening of HIV-1 Env glycoproteins for the ability to raise neutralizing antibody using DNA immunization and recombinant vaccinia virus boosting. Virology. 1997; 230 :265–274. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
39. Caver TE, Lockey TD, Srinivas RV. A novel vaccine regimen utilizing DNA, vaccinia virus and protein immunizations for HIV-1 envelope presentation. Vaccine. 1999; 17 :1567–1572. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
40. Stambas J, Brown SA, Gutierrez A. Long lived multi-isotype anti-HIV antibody responses following a prime-double boost immunization strategy. Vaccine. 2005; 23 :2454–2464. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
41. Reimann KA, Li JT, Veazey R. A chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus expressing a primary patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate env causes an AIDS-like disease after in vivo passage in rhesus monkeys. J Virol. 1996; 70 :6922–6928. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
Articles from The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT are provided here courtesy of Pediatric Pharmacology Advocacy Group
1. Janeway CA, Jr., Travers P, Walport M. Immunobiology, the immune system in health and disease. New York, NY: Garland Publishing; 2005. et al. [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
2. Hammarlund E, Lewis MW, Hansen SG. Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination. Nat Med. 2003; 9 :1131–1137. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
3. Berman PW, Gregory TJ, Riddle L. Protection of chimpanzees from infection by HIV-1 after vaccination with recombinant glycoprotein gp120 but not gp160. Nature. 1990; 345 :622–625. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
4. Hu SL, Abrams K, Barber GN. Protection of macaques against SIV infection by subunit vaccines of SIV envelope glycoprotein gp160. Science. 1992; 255 :456–459. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
5. Belshe RB, Graham BS, Keefer MC. Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 in seronegative volunteers immunized with recombinant gp120 from the MN strain of HIV-1. JAMA. 1994; 272 :475–480. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
6. Graham BS, Matthews TJ, Belshe RB. Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibody by priming with gp160 recombinant vaccinia and boosting with rgp160 in vaccinia-naive adults. J Infect Dis. 1993; 167 :533–537. the NIAID AIDS vaccine clinical trials network. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
7. Belshe RB, Bolognesi DP, Clements ML. HIV infection in vaccinated volunteers. JAMA. 1994; 272 :431. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
8. Berman PW, Gray AM, Wrin T. Genetic and immunologic characterization of viruses infecting MN-rgp120-vaccinated volunteers. J Infect Dis. 1997; 176 :384–397. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
9. Preston BD, Poiesz BJ, Loeb LA. Fidelity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Science. 1988; 242 :1168–1171. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
10. Roberts JD, Bebenek K, Kunkel TA. The accuracy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1. Science. 1988; 242 :1171–1173. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
11. Rencher SD, Hurwitz JL. Effect of natural HIV-1 envelope V1–V2 sequence diversity on the binding of V3 and non-V3-specific antibodies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997; 16 :69–73. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
15. Siciliano SJ, Kuhmann SE, Weng Y. A critical site in the core of the CCR5 chemokine receptor required for binding and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274 :1905–1913. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
16. Biagini RE, Schlottmann SA, Sammons DL. Method for simultaneous measurement of antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003; 10 :744–750. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
17. Hurwitz JL, Slobod KS, Lockey TD. Application of the polyvalent approach to HIV-1 vaccine development. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. 2005; 5 :143–156. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
24. Daniel MD, Kirchhoff F, Czajak SC. Protective effects of a live attenuated SIV vaccine with a deletion in the nef gene. Science. 1992; 258 :1938–1941. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
25. Wrin T, Crawford L, Sawyer L. Neutralizing antibody responses to autologous and heterologous isolates of human immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994; 7 :211–219. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
26. Richman DD, Wrin T, Little SJ. Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100 :4144–4149. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
27. Tsui R, Herring BL, Barbour JD. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection was not detected following 215 years of injection drug user exposure. J Virol. 2004; 78 :94–103. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
28. Gonzales MJ, Delwart E, Rhee SY. Lack of detectable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection during 1072 person-years of observation. J Infect Dis. 2003; 188 :397–405. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
29. Goldman GS. Incidence of herpes zoster among children and adolescents in a community with moderate varicella vaccination coverage. Vaccine. 2003; 21 :4243–4249. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
14. Lockey TD, Slobod KS, Rencher SD. Fluctuating diversity in the HTLV-IIIB virus stock: Implications for neutralization and challenge experiments. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996; 12 :1297–1299. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
30. Hofmann-Lehmann R, Vlasak J, Rasmussen RA. Postnatal passive immunization of neonatal macaques with a triple combination of human monoclonal antibodies against oral simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge. J Virol. 2001; 75 :7470–7480. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
31. Mascola JR, Louder MK, VanCott TC. Potent and synergistic neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 primary isolates by hyperimmune anti-HIV immunoglobulin combined with monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 2G12. J Virol. 1997; 71 :7198–7206. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
32. Brown SA, Lockey TD, Slaughter C. T cell epitope “hotspots” on the HIV Type 1 gp120 envelope protein overlap with tryptic fragments displayed by mass spectrometry. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005; 21 :165–170. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
36. Clark HF, Offit PA, Plotkin SA. The new pentavalent rotavirus vaccine composed of bovine (strain WC3)-human rotavirus reassortants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006; 25 :577–583. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
37. Offit PA. Rotavirus vaccines: round two. Hum Vaccin. 2006; 2 :84–85. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
38. Richmond JF, Mustafa F, Lu S. Screening of HIV-1 Env glycoproteins for the ability to raise neutralizing antibody using DNA immunization and recombinant vaccinia virus boosting. Virology. 1997; 230 :265–274. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
41. Reimann KA, Li JT, Veazey R. A chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus expressing a primary patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate env causes an AIDS-like disease after in vivo passage in rhesus monkeys. J Virol. 1996; 70 :6922–6928. et al. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
23. Zhan X, Martin LN, Slobod KS. Multi-envelope HIV-1 vaccine devoid of SIV components controls disease in macaques challenged with heterologous pathogenic SHIV. Vaccine. 2005; 23 :5306–5320. et al. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]

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2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

2 Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

4 Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee

The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude) HIV-1 vaccine program is based on the observation that multiple antigenically distinct HIV-1 envelope protein structures are capable of mediating HIV-1 infection. A cocktail vaccine comprising representatives of these diverse structures (immunotypes) is therefore considered necessary to elicit lymphocyte populations that prevent HIV-1 inf
Трахнула себя пальцем в анус после секса в позе доггистайл
Капнул спермой прямо в глаз татуированной шлюхи после анала
Две пьяные студентки из Небраски

Галерея 3462093

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