Галерея 3312078

Галерея 3312078

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1 Department of Physiology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699.

A Das et al.

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci .

1987 Nov .

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1 Department of Physiology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699.

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A number of studies have recently demonstrated that insulin may be synthesized outside the pancreas. The present study was designed to investigate whether insulin-like activity exists in retinal glial cells and if so, whether it is due to local synthesis of insulin. Immunocytochemical techniques using insulin antisera were applied to cultured rat retinal glial cells, and insulin-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of these cells. In situ DNA-RNA hybridization studies using 3H-labeled rat insulin cDNA indicated that the glial cells, particularly the Müller cells of the retina also contained the mRNA necessary for de novo synthesis of insulin or a closely homologous peptide. This peptide may be important in neuromodulation or regulation of metabolism of retinal cells and capillaries.

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BMJ Open

v.2(2); 2012

PMC3312078

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Published online 2012 Mar 18. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000312
Find articles by Suzanne Smith Ruff
1 Neurology Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
2 Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
3 Polytrauma System of Care, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
4 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
5 Psychology Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Correspondence to Dr Robert Louis Ruff; vog.av@1ffur.trebor
Received 2011 Aug 22; Accepted 2012 Feb 22.
Copyright © 2012, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode .
GUID: 4EBC2C50-2D5C-4C94-8244-53D2D96BEE48
GUID: 78C80ED5-7231-44F6-ACAA-5A0221B49406
GUID: C6F1099F-07D8-4949-B537-B6A847C280D7
GUID: 5572072F-D3F2-4F19-A3C7-FAA4B6F89438
GUID: C37F6404-AFB3-42B1-86E4-57355D12F13E
GUID: 4DDFDA8B-2850-4B9E-A7AB-49370CBA3AFB
Case–control study of mTBI associated with LOC among US veterans who were deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.
Three study groups: (1) 126 veterans who had mTBI with LOC, (2) 21 OIF/OEF veterans who did not suffer mTBI with LOC and (3) 21 veterans who sustained mTBI with LOC in a civilian setting.
Evaluated NDs including a quantitative test of olfaction, PTSD with severity assessed using the PCL-M instrument and a cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test.
Olfaction was a sensitive test for neurological injury associated with mTBI with LOC.
More episodes of mTBI with LOC were associated with higher prevalence rates of NDs or of PTSD.
The severity of PTSD and extent of olfactory impairment increased with the number of episodes of LOC; cognitive function performance was inversely related to the number of episodes of LOC.
Case–control study of US combat veterans with mTBI who were assessed for NDs, PTSD and cognitive function.
Subjects and comparison groups had detailed assessments for NDs, and combat veterans were also assessed for PTSD.
The findings should be relevant to other groups of military personnel with combat mTBI.
The neurological examination was not blinded.
The selection of veterans in this study may be biased because veterans who do not have health issues may not seek care from the Department of Veterans Affairs.
The findings in veterans with mTBI with LOC may not apply to people with mTBI without LOC.
* Sixteen had definite mTBI without LOC and five had probable mTBI without LOC.
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Медбрат в белом халате помог раслабиться худенькой блондинке в трусиках
Сексуальная голая доминиканская девушка
Гибкая Mia Malkova обнажается на свежем воздухе

Галерея 3312078

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