Галерея 3183196

Галерея 3183196

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01/08/2023

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A centralized identity provider is especially useful for apps that have worldwide users who don't necessarily sign in from the enterprise's network. The Microsoft identity platform authenticates users and provides security tokens, such as access tokens , refresh tokens , and ID tokens . Security tokens allow a client application to access protected resources on a resource server .
Access token : An access token is a security token issued by an authorization server as part of an OAuth 2.0 flow. It contains information about the user and the resource for which the token is intended. The information can be used to access web APIs and other protected resources. Access tokens are validated by resources to grant access to a client app. To learn more about how the Microsoft identity platform issues access tokens, see Access tokens .
Refresh token : Because access tokens are valid for only a short period of time, authorization servers will sometimes issue a refresh token at the same time the access token is issued. The client application can then exchange this refresh token for a new access token when needed. To learn more about how the Microsoft identity platform uses refresh tokens to revoke permissions, see Refresh tokens .
ID token : ID tokens are sent to the client application as part of an OpenID Connect flow. They can be sent alongside or instead of an access token. ID tokens are used by the client to authenticate the user. To learn more about how the Microsoft identity platform issues ID tokens, see ID tokens .
Many enterprise applications use SAML to authenticate users. For information on SAML assertions, see Azure Active Directory SAML token reference .
It's up to the app for which the token was generated, the web app that signed in the user, or the web API being called to validate the token. The token is signed by the authorization server with a private key. The authorization server publishes the corresponding public key. To validate a token, the app verifies the signature by using the authorization server public key to validate that the signature was created using the private key.
Tokens are valid for only a limited amount of time, so the authorization server frequently provides a pair of tokens;
Access tokens are passed to a web API as the bearer token in the Authorization header. An app can provide a refresh token to the authorization server. If the user access to the app wasn't revoked, it will get back a new access token and a new refresh token. This is how the scenario of someone leaving the enterprise is handled. When the authorization server receives the refresh token, it won't issue another valid access token if the user is no longer authorized.
The Microsoft identity platform implements security tokens as JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) that contain claims . Since JWTs are used as security tokens, this form of authentication is sometimes called JWT authentication .
A claim provides assertions about one entity, such as a client application or resource owner , to another entity, such as a resource server. A claim might also be referred to as a JWT claim or a JSON Web Token claim.
Claims are name or value pairs that relay facts about the token subject. For example, a claim might contain facts about the security principal that was authenticated by the authorization server. The claims present in a specific token depend on many things, such as the type of token, the type of credential used to authenticate the subject, and the application configuration.
Applications can use claims for various tasks, such as to:
A claim consists of key-value pairs that provide information such as the:
To learn more about how the Microsoft identity platform implements tokens and claim information, see Access tokens and ID tokens .
Depending on how your client is built, it can use one (or several) of the authentication flows supported by the Microsoft identity platform. These flows can produce various tokens (ID tokens, refresh tokens, access tokens) and authorization codes. They require different tokens to make them work. This table provides an overview.
Tokens issued via the implicit mode have a length limitation because they're passed back to the browser via the URL, where response_mode is query or fragment . Some browsers have a limit on the size of the URL that can be put in the browser bar and fail when it's too long. As a result, these tokens don't have groups or wids claims.
For more information about authentication and authorization in the Microsoft identity platform, see the following articles:

Elizabeth Reninger is a Taoist practitioner of qigong, acupuncture, and tuina massage. She is the author of several books on spirituality, including "Physics, Philosophy & Nondual Spiritual Inquiry."

Reninger, Elizabeth. "The Eight Extraordinary Meridians." Learn Religions, Oct. 13, 2021, learnreligions.com/the-eight-extraordinary-meridians-3183196.
Reninger, Elizabeth. (2021, October 13). The Eight Extraordinary Meridians. Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/the-eight-extraordinary-meridians-3183196
Reninger, Elizabeth. "The Eight Extraordinary Meridians." Learn Religions. https://www.learnreligions.com/the-eight-extraordinary-meridians-3183196 (accessed March 9, 2023).

The Meridian System: Channels of Awareness
Introduction to the Governing Vessel
Introduction to the Ren Meridian Conception Vessel
Qi (Chi): The Taoist Principle of Life Force
Tai Hsi - Taoist Embryonic Breathing
Acupressure Treasures: Yong Quan — Gushing/Bubbling Spring
How Qi Flows Through the 12 Main Meridians
The Best Way to Practice Standing Meditation
How to Practice the 'Inner Smile' With Taoism

LearnReligions is part of the Dotdash Meredith publishing family.

Within Chinese Medicine, the Eight Extraordinary Meridians represent the body’s deepest level of energetic structuring. These meridians are the first to form in utero and are carriers of Yuan Qi —the ancestral energy which corresponds to our genetic inheritance. They function as deep reservoirs from which the twelve main meridians can be replenished, and into which the latter can drain their excesses. Other names for these Eight Extraordinary Meridians include the Eight Curious Vessels, the Eight Marvelous Meridians, and the Eight Irregular Vessels.

The specific meridians belonging to the “Eight Extras” family are:

In the context of acupuncture , the Eight Extras are typically used in pairs: Ren with Yin Chiao, Du with Yang Chiao, Chong with Yin Wei, and Dai with Yang Wei. Of these eight meridians, only the Ren and the Du have their own acupuncture points; the other six utilize points belonging to the twelve main meridians .

For qigong and Inner Alchemy practice, the Du, the Ren, the Chong and the Dai are the most important of the Eight Extraordinary Meridians. The Du Mai flows from the tip of the coccyx up the spine, over the head, and ends in the upper part of the mouth. The Ren Mai flows from the perineum up along the front mid-line of our torso and ends in the lower mouth. In the Microcosmic Orbit practice, we link the Ren and the Du meridians into a single continuous circuit—which is how energy circulated when we were in our mother’s womb.

The Chong Meridian flows vertically deep within the body, along with the front of the spine, and is most closely associated with Yuan Qi. The Chong has a close resonance with—if not an actual equivalence to—the Shushumna Nadi described in Hindu Yogic traditions. It is our energetic core.

The Dai Mai circles the waist, and is the only horizontally-flowing meridian. As such, it acts as a kind of “belt”—containing the other vertically-flowing meridians. In certain Kan and Li qigong practices, we learn to spiral the Dai Meridian up to connect with the energy of the planets, stars, and galaxies, and then down to connect with the core of the earth.

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