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Одновременно и рядом. Образы конспирологического мышления
Церковь Св. Анны, Кирочная 8, Санкт-Петербург
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О работе Ивана Репкина «Lonely People»
О работе Ивана Репкина «Lonely People» на выставке «О химерах, гибридах, киборгах и людях. Гид по неизбежному будущему».
Экспонаты проекта "О химерах, гибридах, киборгах и людях. Гид по неизбежному будущему"
Художник Лев Кожин рассказал о скульптуре "Превращение"
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В остальные дни мы работаем в обычном режиме. До встречи!
Ульяна Подкорытова стала участницей биеннале в Боде и представила свой фильм
Российская художница Ульяна Подкорытова представила свой фильм «Тамотка» на биеннале в Боде.
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Fabricated Antenna and Measured Results
The high gain and low profile endfire antenna is designed on a groundless single metal layer inherited the advantages of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP). Combined... View more
Abstract: A novel high gain endfire antenna based on the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) transmission line (TL) is proposed in this paper. The antenna is designed on a grou... View more
A novel high gain endfire antenna based on the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) transmission line (TL) is proposed in this paper. The antenna is designed on a groundless single metal layer inherited the advantages of SSPP. Combined with asymmetric radiation elements of SSPP TL and an elliptical director, this antenna generates endfire radiation beams with 15.75-17.5 GHz. Although the aperture is small, it has obtained a high gain from 10.5 to 12.1 dBi and a high efficiency of 95% overall the operating bandwidth. Measurement results agree well with the simulations. The advantages of single-layer, high gain and low profile make its valuable in wireless communications.
Published in: IEEE Access ( Volume: 8 )
The high gain and low profile endfire antenna is designed on a groundless single metal layer inherited the advantages of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP). Combined... View more
TABLE 1
Performance Comparison of SSPP Ednfire Antennas
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Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) have inspired an intensive interest in the microwave community, whose characteristics are similar to surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) in the optical frequencies [1] . With periodic metal structures, such as grooves [2] , holes [3] , [4] , slits [5] , or blocks [6] , the transversal magnetic surface waves can be sustained and guided. For the groundless structure and small power loss, SSPP have been used to design microwave components, such as transmission line [7] , [8] , power dividers [9] , filters [10] , [11] , amplifiers [12] , and antennas [13] – [24] . Since the phase mismatch with the free space, SSPP wave is highly confined to the transmission line. In order to excite the radiation into the free space, the field confinement of SSPP should be to break.
As SSPP TLs are slow wave structures in which phase velocity is smaller than the speed of light, traveling wave antennas are well suited to its advantages. Several works have been demonstrated such as leaky-wave antennas [13] – [16] and endfire antennas [17] – [24] .There are several types of endfire antenna, such as leaky-wave [25] , Yagi-Uda [26] , Log-periodic [27] and surface wave antennas [28] . However, it is not easy to implement a low profile design without performance sacrifice. The SSPP offer a solution. In order to achieve the effective radiation of SSPP TL, periodic modulation and gradient truncation are the two most effective methods. Resonate elements can be used for periodic modulation or radiation director [13] , [17] . I-shaped resonators and parasitic strips loaded in the endfire direction to increasing the directivity [18] , [19] . But the bandwidth of these endfire antennas are narrow due to the dipole resonant nature. Based on the Vivaldi-shaped structure, a wide bandwidth can be obtained [20] . However, these SSPP antennas are designed on double-layer conductors, the single-layer conductors which is the significant advantage of SSPP TLs is not being exploited. Thus, it may simplify the fabrication and improve the radiation efficiency due to its groundless single-layer configuration. Previous works of SSPP endfire radiation is reported by tapering the fish-bone SSPP TLs [21] – [24] . Microstrip transition and CPW transitions are utilized to excite SSPP wave in [21] and [22] – [24] respectively.
In this paper, we propose a novel design of endfire antenna based on a SSPP groundless single-layer configuration. In comparison with previous work, this antenna need only a single metal layer makes it suitable for low-profile applications and easy fabrication. Meanwhile, we combine the asymmetric radiation elements of SSPP TL with a director to develop a high gain endfire antenna. It also leads to a wide operational frequency and a low profile, which is flush-mounted for aircraft, vehicle and wireless communications.
The geometry of the proposed SSPP endfire antenna is shown in Fig. 1 . The overall size of the whole structure is L \times W =167
mm \times80
mm, which is fabricated on a Rofigurgers RO4003C substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.38, substrate thickness of 1mm and loss tangent of 0.001. The thickness of metallic layer is 0.018 mm. The antenna can be divided into three parts including the transition, the radiator and the director, as shown in Fig. 1 .
Configuration of the proposed SSPP endfire antenna.
In the transition part, the parameters of the CPW feeder are selected as g =0.5
mm, l_{1} =16
mm, l_{2} =66
mm, a =30
mm and b = 4
mm. The gradient slots and flaring grounds are designed to match the characteristic impedance of CPW to the SSPP TL and then reduce the reflection. Meanwhile, they convert the quasi-TEM mode to the SSPP mode smoothly. The SSPP transmission line is a corrugated metallic strip decorated with rectangular holes periodically. The dimensions of the unit cell are as follows: c=4
mm, b=4
mm, d=1.6
mm and h=3.5
mm.
The radiation part of this proposed antenna is composed of three radiation elements shown in Fig. 1 . They are arranged in array along the x-axis direction asymmetrically, with size B_{1}=4.8
mm, B_{2}=5.6
mm, B_{3}=8.0
mm and distance C_{1}=4
mm, C_{2}=12
mm, C_{3}=24
mm.
An elliptical patch is introduced as a director, whose minor axis and major axis are r_{a}=8
mm, r_{b}=32
mm respectively. Besides, the distance between the radiator and the elliptical patch director is t=2
mm. With a rotation of deg = 3° around, the director can suppress the first side-lobe level of this proposed antenna and adjust the direction of the beam slightly by rotating itself.
The SSPP TL is a single-layer conductor transmission line supporting surface plasmon-like mode which is also a kind of surface wave. Its transmission characteristic is studied as shown in Fig. 2 . The dispersion curves exhibit the SPP-like transmission behavior, and they present an asymptote to be mainly controlled by the height h
of the rectangular holes as shown in Fig. 2 . The dispersion curves of SSPP TL with different height h
deviate gradually from the light line. The larger the height h
is, the higher is its confinement and the lower is its cut-off frequency.
Dispersion curve of the unit cell in SSPP TL.
Since electromagnetic waves are tightly confined around SSPP TL, truncation and modulation of the TL are the easiest ways to generate the radiation. However, as shown in Fig. 3(a) , the reflection coefficient is high and the total efficiency is low by this simple way. From the electric field distribution in Fig. 4(a) , we can see that all the energy is reflected back and still tightly confined around the transmission line. In order to convert the SSPP mode wave to the space mode wave, a matching branch has been added. Then the improvement can be seen in the Fig. 3(b) , the efficiency is greatly improved and return loss is reduced to −10 dB. However, its radiation pattern does not converge in one direction, as shown in Fig. 4(b) .
Reflection coefficient, radiation efficiency and total efficiency of different elements in Fig. 1 . (a) Effects of part1. (b) Effects of part1
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