Галерея 2893694

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Галерея 2893694
Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine -implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via light from a light source, rendering an image on a retina.
Page 1 of 56 Systems, Devices, and/or Methods for Providing Images Brief Description of the Drawings
[2] A wide variety of potential, feasible, and/or useful embodiments will be more readily understood through the herein-provided, non-limiting, non-exhaustive description of certain exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings in which:
[3] Fig la is a front view of an eye 1;
[4] Fig lb is a cross-section taken along section A-A of Fig la;
[5] Fig 2 is a cross-section taken along section A-A of Fig la;
[6] Fig 3 is a cross-section taken along section A-A of Fig la;
[8] Fig 5 is a perspective view of a layer of an elcctroactive prism;
[9] Fig 6 is a cross section taken at section B-B of Fig 5;
[10] FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method; and
[11] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an information device. Description
[12] It is possible to mount, in and/or on the eye of a wearer, one or more devices that contain Light Emitting Diodes ("LEDs"), and/or similar tiny eleetro-optic devices that emit light. An example is a contact lens having one embedded LED that can produce a single spot in the field of view of the eye of the wearer. Such light emitting devices can allow images to be formed on the retina of the wearer, such as those described in any of the following published documentss:
[13] "A single-pixel wireless contact lens display", Lingley et al, 2011 J. Micromcch. Microeng. 21125014; Page 2 of 56
[14] United States Patent Application Publication 20050099594
[15] United States Patent Application Publication 20100001926;
[16] United States Patent Application Publication 20120245444;
[17] United States Patent Application Publication 20120277568;
[18] International Patent Application WO/2008/109867;
[19] International Patent Application WO/2012/051223;
[21] United States Patent 7758187;
[22] United States Patent 8096654; and
[23] United States Patent 8184068 . [25] However, in order to accomplish this, lenses of positive optical power typically must be used between the light emitting device and the retina so as to allow the light from the emitting device to form a small enough spot for the retina to discern the spot. [26] The amount of optical power required to focus a spot of light on the retina can vary from person to person since the optical power of the eye typically varies from person to person. Additionally, the optical power of the cornea can vary from location to location within the same cornea of a single individual. Also, the location of the section of the retina that the spots must be projected to typically varies from person to person. For a spot to be perceived as being in the center of the person's vision, the spot typically must be projected onto the center of the fovea of the retina. As the spot is projected onto a location further away from the center of the fovea, the spot is typically perceived to be further out from the center of the person's visual field. Page 3 of 56 [27] Forming many spots on the retina can allow images more complex than a single spot to be seen. By projecting onto a person's retina a pattern of spots of a known size, such as a series of concentric circles or a grid of dots, the person might report what they see as it appears to be overlaid upon the real-world images that they see. Moreover, the relationship between distance-from-center and angular field of view can be determined, such as via a diagnostic instrument such as a wavefront sensor, e.g., a laser ray tracing analyzer, a spatially resolved refractometer, an optical path difference scanner, a Tscherning aberrometer and/or aberroscope, and/or a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, etc. With this data and/or other data from a wavefront sensor, a person's eye magnification can be mapped and/or the projected images calibrated to the correct size and/or location, which can ensure that the overlaid images will appear in the desired location in a person's vision. Temporal and/or spatial variations and/or aberrations in the optical power of the eye can be measured by the wavefront sensor, providing sufficient information to adjust optical power of the light source and/or its associated optics to form one or more desired spots on the retina. [28] Forming multiple spots on the retina of a person (or other animal) in a controlled manner can form images that can be seen by the person as useful data. Such images might be perceived as text, graphics, photographic images, animations, and/or video. Having the capability to project such data onto the eye of a person via the use of a contact lens can be useful and/or valuable because it can allow a data interface to be worn by the person in a very small, light, and/or unobtrusive package, that is potentially unnoticed by others. Currently, such a capability for a person to observe such images can only be obtained by projections systems located outside of the eye, which tend to be bulky and/or heavier than desired head mounted displays, such as those sold by many retail sources such as Amazon. corn. [29] Forming multiple spots is one approach to having the person and/or user perceive seeing multiple spots. Another approach can be to scan a spot quickly over an area of the retina faster than the retina is sending images to the brain. For example, if a single spot was moved around in a circular pattern at a rate of speed of 200 complete circles per second, Page 4 of 56 the typical user would see a solid circle rather than a spot travelling in a circular motion. For example, complex images and/or graphics can be created by rapidly tracing the path of the spot over the desired shape of one or more graphics to be produced. To create one or more desired graphics, one could utilize a single light source and spot, a single light source broken into several beams by using beam splitters, thus forming into multiple spots, and/or multiple light sources and multiple spots. Generally speaking, the more spots that are used, the more complex the graphics can become. For example, if the number six followed by a period was desired (i.e., "6."), the movement of the spot could scan and/or trace those symbols, then the light source could be switched off while the optics repositioned the beam so that when the light source was switched on again, it could be in the location of the period. Before the optics repositioned the beam to begin the tracing of the six, the light source again could be switched off until the beam was aimed at the starting point of the six, then switched on once there. This movement could be rapidly repeated for as long as that particular graphic was desired. [30] In light of the above, it can be desirable to be able to adjust the optical power of the lenses used to focus the projected spot on the retina being created by a light source within a contact lens. Additionally, it can be desirable to be able to adjust the vertical and/or horizontal direction of the projection to direct the projected spots to the optimal location on the retina for a particular wearer of the lens. Furthermore, it can be desirable to be able to adjust the vertical and/or horizontal direction of the projection such that the projected spot(s) is not simply static in one place, but can be quickly moved about to other places on the retina to perform the duty of multiple spots. [31] Certain exemplary embodiments can adjust the focus of the projection of the spot of the light onto the retina. Certain exemplary embodiments can steer the projected spot, or spots, of light to various locations on the retina, which can be useful for, e.g., conducting the visual field test used to track the occurrence and/or progression of glaucoma and/or damage to the optic nerve of the wearer. Page 5 of 56 [32] A light emitting diode (LED), an OLED, a micro light bulb, a laser, super luminescent diode or any other types of point-source light generators, can be placed in a device capable of being placed in or on the eye. These light sources can be very thin and/or can be molded within the device itself by encapsulating it during the fabrication process An example method of encapsulation would be to locate the light source inside of a mold, then inject the molding material, which is in a liquid state, into the mold such that it flows all around the light source and fills the mold. Once the molding material has become solid, either by cooling or curing, the mold is opened and the device is removed from the mold with the light source encapsulated within. The LED can be oriented to direct its light toward the inside of the eye. [33] The light being directed by the LED toward the inside of the eye can be refracted, or bent, a sufficient amount to allow the natural optical structures of the eye to bring the light to a point of focus on the retina. This can be accomplished by the use of a conventional refractive lens working in conjunction with an electro-active lens, or by providing an electro-active lens without a conventional lens. The electro-active lens can be either a focusing lens, a steering lens, or a combination of both types. If both types are used, the steering lens can be capable of steering light in at least two directions, preferably orthogonal to each other. [34] When it is desired to create only a single point source of light on the retina by a single LED, for example when a single on/off indicator point is needed to alert the user of an external on/off event such as that a car is in the driver's blind spot when driving, the focusing electro-active lens can be adjusted to fine tune the overall optical system, which can include the LED, the electro-active lens (and possibly the conventional lens), and/or the optical structures of the user's eye to achieve a optimum spot size on the retina. The optimum spot size on the retina generally can be thought of as being the smallest possible size, but it also can be desirable to have the spot size be not necessarily the smallest possible size, and it might need to be larger, depending upon the application. For example, in the onloff driving indicator use described above, a larger dot might be wanted to increase visibility of the dot. However, in situations where multiple dots are Page 6 of 56 used to form text, a combination of smaller dots might be desired so as to create sharper, less defocused images with greater resolution. If the LED is activated without the electro-active lens activated, the spot size is desired to be smaller, and/or the point of focus of the light from the LED occurs before the light reaches the retina, then the electro-active lens can introduce negative, or diverging optical power. If the point of focus has not yet occurred by the time the light reaches the retina, then the electro-active lens can introduce positive, or converging optical power. [35] This basic assembly can be replicated for two or more LEDs, such as to create an array of any closed geometric shape. Such an array can project images on the retina such that each LED contributes one pixel of observed light on the retina. [36] If the light from one or more LEDs is not forming spots in the desired location of the retina, then the steering electro-active lenses can direct the spots to the desired location by tipping and/or tilting. [37] The electro-active steering lenses can allow one or more LEDs to perform the duty of two or more pixels. By steering the light from an LED, the spot can "write" a complex image on the retina. The pattern of spots can be controlled by a controller (such as a microprocessor, programmable logic controller, field programmable gate array, and/or an application specific integrated circuit, etc., known to those skilled in the art of computer electronics. The controller can be either embedded inside of the contact lens, by encapsulation during the molding process when the contact lens is fabricated or located outside of the contact lens and in communication with the contact lens, such as via wires and/or wireless communication devices, mechanisms, and/or processes that are known to those skilled in the art of wireless communication electronics. The controller can be electronic circuitry known to those skilled in the art of making and programming graphics displays. Page 7 of 56 [38] The images can be created by standard graphics software widely used on computers, such as PaintShop or Paint, and/or can be in any known file format, such as BMP, GIF, PNG, TIFF, JPG, PSP, PSD, EXIF, RAW, CGM, SVG, PPT, VML, HPGL, ODG, DWG, DXF, VRML, 3DXML, STL, U3D, PICT, PDF, MPO, PNS, JPS, HTML, HTML5, SWF, AVI, MOV, WMV, MPEG, MP4, RM, and/or Ogg, etc. [39] The writing can be done with the light being produced in a continuously on mode, and/or the light can be pulsed to produce the effect of a discreetly pixilated image. Several of such devices can work in conjunction so that each individual device can perform the work of creating a portion of the desired image while the other devices fill in the remaining portions, and/or the single LED working in conjunction with the electro-active steering lens can perform the job of creating the entire image. [40] Multiple LEDs, each potentially providing light that has a color that is different from the color of the light provided by one or more of the others, can be used to create color images on the retina. Single color images might be adequate for simple information such as text-only messages, yet color images might add more richness to the information by being able to, e.g., change the color of text and/or words that the user's attention must be drawn to. For example, if projecting driving information to the wearer, a low fuel level can be projected to the wearer with a higher level of urgency if the fuel level information was projected in a color different from other commonly and/or concurrently displayed colors. In another example, video streams can be much more pleasing and/or entertaining if presented in multiple colors rather than a single color, much like, for many viewers, color TV is often more pleasing than black and white TV. [41] Via certain exemplary embodiments, single and/or multiple LEDs can be used to generate multiple images that can appear to the wearer as being simultaneously presented. Thus, continuing with the automobile driver example, one LED can display a single color icon indicating a low fuel warning, and/or multiple LEDs can present a color "rear-view mirror" video-type display. Page 8 of 56 [42] Certain exemplary embodiments can provide for device switching mechanisms, such as switches to turn on or off certain types of images, displays, LED arrays, and/or LEDs. Some such switches can be activated by the controller based on the relative and/or absolute direction of a wearer's gaze, while others can be activated depending on the relative and/or absolute position and/or movement direction of a user's head, body, vehicle, etc. For example, the above described color "rear-view mirror" video-type display could be presented only when the user shifts their gaze toward the upper right and/or looks in the traditional direction of a rear view mirror as seen by a driver, perhaps only while the wearer is driving, or perhaps at any time (e.g., "I now have eyes in the back of my head"). As another example, an image could be rendered only upon the occurrence of a particular event, such as the receipt of a communication (e.g., e-mail, text message, reminder, alarm, etc.), the detection and/or recognition of a predetermined and/or unexpected sound, the expiration of a timer, the crossing of a geo-fence, the positioning of a user within a predetermined distance of a given entity (e.g., object, person, animal, etc.), a low light situation (e.g., rendering a wearer's surroundings as detected via an infrared and/or night vision camera), and/or the detection of a change in a predetermined state of the wearer and/or another person and/or animal (e.g., a rise in the user's blood pressure beyond a predetermined limit, a seizure incident, an undesired level of blood glucose, insulin, and/or other predetermined substance (e.g., a neurotransmitter, hormone, nutrient, pharmaceutical, environmental substance (e.g., oxygen, carbon monoxide, etc.), etc.), the transition of the wearer or another entity (such as an infant or patient) to an awake state (e.g., providing a status update to the wearer in reaction to a change in a particular type of macroscopic neural oscillation), etc.), etc. [43] Certain exemplary embodiments can couple an image with audio information, such as information delivered to a wearer via a speaker, headset, earbud(s), hearing aid, and/or cochlear implant, etc. For example, a low fuel warning image could be preceded, accompanied, and/or followed by a related audible low fuel warning delivered via an carbud and/or automobile speaker. Page 9 of 56 [44] Likewise, certain exemplary embodiments can couple an image with haptic (e.g., tactioceptive (touch), proprioceptive (relative body and/or joint motion), thermoceptive (temperature), nociceptive (pain), equilibrioceptive (balance), kinesthesioceptive (acceleration), chemoreceptive (gustation, olfaction, etc.), magnetoceptive (direction), chronoceptive (perception of time), etc.) information, such as information delivered to a wearer via a vibrator, tactor, data glove, heater, cooler, airstream, force feedback mechanism, ultrasound transducers, etc. For example, a visual image communicating a low fuel warning could be preceded, accompanied, and/or followed by a related haptic communication delivered via a vibrotactile effector such as a vibrator and/or tactor. [45] Fig la is a front view of an eye 1 of a human from the perspective of looking directly through contact lens 3 into the cornea of that human's head while that head is oriented in an upright position(e.g., the opening of the human's nostrils would be oriented downwards (i.e., toward the phrase "Fig la") such that the longitudinal axis of the human's nose would be oriented parallel to section A-A. [46] For purposes of clarity, Fig lb, Fig 2, and Fig 3 are cross-section drawings of the eye, limiting the optical depictions to two dimensions. Those skilled in the art of optics understand this drawing convention and can relate these to three dimensional optical effects in the real world optical systems. [47] Fig lb is a cross-section taken along section A-A of Fig la, and shows an Eye 35 of a person, with Light Beams 5 entering Eye 35, and coming to focus at Point 20. Point 20 can be the fovea of Eye 35, which can be the center of vision of Eye 35. The densest concentration of photoreceptors in Eye 35 can be found in Retina 40. Light Beams 5 can pass through Contact Lens 10 and be refracted somewhat, then can pass through Cornea 15 and be refracted an additional amount. Light Source Assembly 25 can be embedded inside of Contact Lens 10. Light Source 25 can provide a point source of light that can be directed toward Retina 40, and after passing through Cornea 15, can continue to be a Beam of Light 30 that can form a point of light on Retina 40. When the point of light is desired to be perceived in the center of the person's field of view, the point of light can Page 10 of 56 be formed at Point 20. If the point of light forms elsewhere on Retina 40, e.g., outside the fovea centralis and/or the macula, such as in a peripheral regions, on the parafovea belt, and/or the peri
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