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Home Science Vol. 230, No. 4729 A Glycophospholipid Tail at the Carboxyl Terminus of the Thy-1 Glycoprotein of Neurons and Thymocytes
A Test of Clathrin Function in Protein Secretion and Cell Growth
The connectome of an insect brain By
Michael Winding
Benjamin D. Pedigo
et al.

Cell surface molecules of eukaryotic cells have been considered to be integrated into the membrane bilayer by a transmembrane protein sequence. The Thy-1 antigen of rodent thymocytes and brain was the first eukaryotic membrane molecule for which biochemical data clearly suggested membrane integration via a nonprotein tail. Direct evidence is now presented showing that a glycophospholipid structure is attached to the carboxyl-terminal cysteine residue and that 31 carboxyl-terminal amino acids predicted from the Thy-1 complementary DNA sequence are not present in the mature glycoprotein. These experimental results raise questions concerning signaling across a cell membrane since antibodies to Thy-1 can stimulate T lymphocytes to release lymphokines and undergo cell division.
ALEXANDER, H, MIMICKING THE ALLOANTIGENICITY OF PROTEINS WITH CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED PEPTIDES DIFFERING IN SINGLE AMINO-ACIDS, NATURE 306 : 697 (1983).
ALLEN, A.K., QUANTITATION OF GLUCOSAMINE AND GALACTOSAMINE IN GLYCOPROTEINS AFTER HYDROLYSIS IN PARA-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID, FEBS LETTERS 60 : 76 (1975).
ARAKAWA, Y, DETERMINATION OF NEUTRAL AND AMINO-SUGARS IN GLYCOPROTEINS BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 24 : 2032 (1976).
BANGS, J.D., RAPID PROCESSING OF THE CARBOXYL TERMINUS OF A TRYPANOSOME VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82 : 3207 (1985).
BARCLAY, A.N., CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THY-1 GLYCOPROTEINS FROM MEMBRANES OF RAT THYMOCYTES AND BRAIN, NATURE 263 : 563 (1976).
BEECH, J.N., DENSITY OF THY-1 ON AXONAL MEMBRANE OF DIFFERENT RAT NERVES, JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 41 : 411 (1983).
BOOTHROYD, J.C., VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEINS OF TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI ARE SYNTHESIZED WITH CLEAVABLE HYDROPHOBIC SEQUENCES AT THE CARBOXY AND AMINO TERMINI, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 9 : 4735 (1981).
BROWN, WRA, LYMPHOCYTE CELL-SURFACE GLYCOPROTEINS WHICH BIND TO SOYBEAN AND PEANUT LECTINS, IMMUNOLOGY 46 : 713 (1982).
CAMPBELL, D.G., RAT-BRAIN THY-1 GLYCOPROTEIN - THE AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE, DISULFIDE BONDS AND AN UNUSUAL HYDROPHOBIC REGION, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 195 : 15 (1981).
CARLSSON, S.R., PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MOUSE THYMOCYTE THY-1 GLYCOPROTEIN, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 211 : 641 (1983).
CHAPLIN, M.F., A RAPID AND SENSITIVE METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN GLYCOPROTEINS USING GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 123 : 336 (1982).
COHEN, F.E., ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BRAIN THY-1 ANTIGEN AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN DOMAINS - EVIDENCE FOR AN EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP AND A HYPOTHESIS FOR ITS FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 195 : 31 (1981).
COTMORE, S.F., PURIFICATION OF THY-1-RELATED GLYCOPROTEINS FROM HUMAN-BRAIN AND FIBROBLASTS - COMPARISONS BETWEEN THESE MOLECULES AND MURINE GLYCOPROTEINS CARRYING THY-1.1 AND THY-1.2 ANTIGENS, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 11 : 597 (1981).
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Ferguson, M. A., Journal of Biological Chemistry 260 : 14547 (1985).
FERGUSON, MAJ, TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN HAS A SN-1,2-DIMYRISTYL GLYCEROL MEMBRANE ANCHOR AT ITS COOH TERMINUS, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 260 : 4963 (1985).
FUTERMAN, A.H., PHYSICOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBRANE-BOUND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FROM TORPEDO ELECTRIC ORGAN - EFFECT OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE-C, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 226 : 369 (1985).
GLASS, R.L., ALCOHOLYSIS, SAPONIFICATION AND PREPARATION OF FATTY-ACID METHYL-ESTERS, LIPIDS 6 : 919 (1971).
GUNTER, K.C., T-CELL-ACTIVATING PROPERTIES OF AN ANTI-THY-1 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY - POSSIBLE ANALOGY TO OKT3/LEU-4, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 159 : 716 (1984).
HANTKE, K, COVALENT BINDING OF LIPID TO PROTEIN - DIGLYCERIDE AND AMIDE-LINKED FATTY-ACID AT N-TERMINAL END OF MUREIN-LIPOPROTEIN OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI OUTER MEMBRANE, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 34 : 284 (1973).
Henderson, L. E., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 80 : 339 (1983).
HORNING, M.G., ANALYTICAL LETTERS 1 : 311 (1968).
KAMIYA, Y, STRUCTURE OF RHODOTORUCINE-A, A PEPTIDYL FACTOR, INDUCING MATING TUBE FORMATION IN RHODOSPORIDIUM-TORULOIDES, AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 43 : 363 (1979).
KAUFMAN, J.F., CYSTEINES IN THE TRANSMEMBRANE REGION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX ANTIGENS ARE FATTY ACYLATED VIA THIOESTER BONDS, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 259 : 7230 (1984).
KUCHEL, P.W., MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS OF THY-1 GLYCOPROTEINS FROM RAT THYMUS AND BRAIN IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF DEOXYCHOLATE, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 169 : 411 (1978).
LAI, J.S., BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS PENICILLINASE SYNTHESIZED IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONTAINS COVALENTLY LINKED FATTY-ACID AND GLYCERIDE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 78 : 3506 (1981).
LEBARON, F.W., MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF INOSITOL IN TISSUES AND LIPIDE HYDROLYSATES, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 16 : 209 (1957).
LEIFER, D, MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY TO THY-1 ENHANCES REGENERATION OF PROCESSES BY RAT RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS IN CULTURE, SCIENCE 224 : 303 (1984).
LETARTE, M, PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOUSE-BRAIN THY-1 GLYCOPROTEIN ANTIGENS, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 121 : 1718 (1978).
LOW, M.G., ROLE OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL IN ATTACHMENT OF ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE TO MEMBRANES, BIOCHEMISTRY 19 : 3913 (1980).
Low, M. G., Nature 318 :62 (1985).
LUESCHER, B, BIOSYNTHESIS OF MOUSE THY-1 ANTIGEN, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 134 : 1084 (1985).
MACDONALD, H.R., PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTI-THY-1 ANTIBODIES THAT STIMULATE LYMPHOKINE PRODUCTION BY CYTOLYTIC T-CELL CLONES, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 15 : 495 (1985).
MAINO, V.C., MECHANISM OF THY-1-MEDIATED T-CELL ACTIVATION - ROLES OF FC-RECEPTORS, T200, IA, AND H-2 GLYCOPROTEINS IN ACCESSORY CELL-FUNCTION, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 126 : 1829 (1981).
MCCLAIN, L.D., PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOUSE-BRAIN THY-1.2 DIFFERENTIATION ALLOANTIGEN, BRAIN RESEARCH 159 : 161 (1978).
METCALFE, L.D., RAPID PREPARATION OF FATTY ACID ESTERS FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 33 : 363 (1961).
OMARY, M.B., COVALENT BINDING OF FATTY-ACID TO THE TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR IN CULTURED HUMAN-CELLS, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 256 : 4715 (1981).
OWEN, M.J., LABELING OF LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGENS BY THE LIPOPHILIC, PHOTOACTIVATABLE REAGENT HEXANOYLDIIODO-N-(4-AZIDO-2-NITROPHENYL)TYRAMINE, BIOCHEMISTRY 19 : 3092 (1980).
PELLMAN, D, AN N-TERMINAL PEPTIDE FROM P60SRC CAN DIRECT MYRISTYLATION AND PLASMA-MEMBRANE LOCALIZATION WHEN FUSED TO HETEROLOGOUS PROTEINS, NATURE 314 : 374 (1985).
PONT, S, CLONOSPECIFIC STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY IN THE THY-1 MOLECULE FROM MOUSE LYMPHOCYTES-T, IMMUNOGENETICS 21 : 459 (1985).
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SCHMIDT, MFG, FATTY-ACID BINDING TO VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN - NEW TYPE OF POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF THE VIRAL GLYCOPROTEIN, CELL 17 : 813 (1979).
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Please describe the competing interests
Volume 230 | Issue 4729 29 November 1985
Published in print : 29 November 1985
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MRC Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom OX1 3RE.
MRC Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom OX1 3RE.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX1 3QU.
MRC Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom OX1 3RE.

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A Test of Clathrin Function in Protein Secretion and Cell Growth

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A jackknifed tractor-trailer closed Interstate 84 east in East Hartford on Tuesday morning.
State Dept. of Transportation officials said the highway was closed between exits 55 and 56.
#cttraffic UPDATE: I-84 E/B near x 56- East Hartford will be shut down for an unknown amount of time. Traffic is asked to use Rte 2. Expect heavy delays, motorists are asked to seek alternate routes.
State police said no injuries were reported.

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