Галерея 2782534

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Галерея 2782534
Feb. 26, 1957 c. WALL EARTH nxccxuc MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 15, 1951 Feb. 26, 1957 Filed Oct. 15, 1951 C. WALL EARTH DIGGING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 e/Go 21/522 Feb. 26, 1957 Filed Oct. 15, 1951 C. WALL EARTH DIGGING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 @vanWeo 2 62? 977' I afgomggg Feb. 26, 1957 c. WALL 2,782,534
EARTH DIGGING MACHINE Filed Oct. 15, 1951 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 I84 0 we I94 I 178 dfiorzggy United States Patent 2,782,534 EARTH DIGGING MACHINE Cleo Wall, Colfax, Iowa Application October 15, 1951, Serial No. 251,349
7 Claims. (Cl. 37-85) My invention relates to improvements in earth digging machines.
Earth digging machines may be found embodying various forms of construction and designed for many special purposes. Dozers, power shovels, earth augers, ditch diggers and the like have long been in use and in general are very efficient for their particular operations. They have, however, a more or less common characteristic in that their size, weight and bulkiness generally affects adversely their maneuverability and facility of transportation. Moving the larger earth digging machines usually requires an auxiliary vehicle such as a truck and trailer and those that are self-propelled must of course have ample room in which to move and operate.
In my invention I was motivated by a need for accomplishing a specific objective and in doing this, as will become apparent, I have developed a machine that is susceptible of many uses other than the specific task it was designed for. More specifically, my invention was designed to dig graves in cemeteries and in this regard many problems were presented. The terrain in most cemeteries is dotted with grave markers, headstones and shrubbery that are not always arranged in well defined rows and consequently any mechanical means for digging graves must not only be efficient for its intended purpose but must be capable of easily being maneuvered within the narrow confines of cemetery passageways.
Other problems created by the objects -I sought to accomplish related to the desirability of mechanically digging a hole that was not only of a predetermined size but which also was substantially free of all loose particles of dirt.
With these problems in mind one of the objects of my invention is to provide an earth digging machine capable of removing dirt from an area having such as would be usable for a grave, a septic tank in stallation, ditching or the like.
A further object of this invention is to provide an earth digging machine that is light in weight and is easily maneuverable through an obstacle filled area such as might be found in a cemetery.
Still another object of my invention is to provide a machine of the above class that is adjustable to produce an excavation perpendicular to the horizontal irrespective of the slope of the surface of the ground at the point of digging.
A still further object of this invention'is to provide on an earth digging machine of the type described, means for adjustably controlling the size of any particular excavation.
It is also an object of this invention to produce a ma chine as referred to above that will leave an excavation substantially free of any loose particles of dirt.
The use of buckets on an endless chain is embodied in my new machine and in this respect -I have as another object, the providing of automatic means on this maa calculated size chine for scooping the dirt from each bucket each time it has completed a digging operation.
Still another object of this invention is to provide in an earth digging machine, means for adjustably controlling the force of the digging element in relation to the hardness of the earth at the time of digging.
Further objects which I have accomplished and which will become apparent from the description to follow include making an earth digging machine that will leave a flat bottom and perpendicular sides in an excavation; that in the use of chain operated buckets has means for automatically releasing clods of dirt that may become wedged between the chain and its supporting structure, and a machine that is easily operable by one person.
These and other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
My invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
'Fig. l is a top plan view of my new earth digging machine,
' Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one corner portion of the supporting frame for this machine showing the means for adjusting the same relative to the horizontal,
Fig. 3 is an end view of my invention with the broken lines indicating different vertical positions for the digging and dirt conveying assembly,
Fig. 4 is a fragmentary elevational view showing the bucket scooping means on this machine,
Fig. 5 is a side elevational view, of my invention with the dotted and broken lines indicating different lateral and vertical positions for the corresponding structures,
Fig. 6 is an end view of the digging assembly taken from the line 6-6 of Fig. 5, and
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the bottom portion of the endless chain carrying the digging buckets toillustrate its construction for releasing wedged clods of dirt and the like.
Referring to the drawings, this machine is supported upon an elongated rectangular metal base frame 10,having the side members 11 and 12 and the end members 14- and 16. Preferably I have made this base frame from angle iron material to provide track means formed by the inwardly extending ledge or supporting shoulder portions 13, integral with the frame sides as shown in Fig. 1. On the outer side of the frame members 11 and 12 and extending in the same plane as the upper edge thereof is secured the guide rod 20 illustrated in Fig. .5. Mounted near each end of the frame members 11 and 12 on the outer side thereof is a caster wheel 22 which is adjustable (Fig. 5) to vary the position of the base frame relative to the horizontal. To accomplish this a short tubular member 24 is transversely secured to each spindle housing 2e at about its transverse median and a second tubular member 23 is similarly secured near the top of the housing 26 and on an opposite side from the tube 24 (Fig. 2). Thus, each wheel is in effect mounted, to a vertical housing 26 which has the two transverse bores provided by the tubes 24 and 28. Each tube 24 is rotatably mounted on a stub shaft 30 that extends from the frame sides, and detachably held therein by any suitable means such as the pins 32. Each tubular member 28 is rotatably arranged on one end of a pin 34 that is provided on its other end with an enlarged head portion 36 through which extends a threaded bore. An elongated threaded crank member 40 provided with a handle means 42 is rotatably and pivotally mounted on a suitable support 44 aifixed to the respective end portions of the frame members 14 and 16 so that each crank 40 is threaded into one of the pin heads 36. With this arrangement, rotation of the crank 40 will cause the tubes 24 to pivot on the pins 30 and thus move the wheels 22 asshown in Fig. 5. The use of caster wheels adds tothe maneuverability of the base frame and while casters are not required it is recommended that at least the two wheels on any one end of the base frame have this feature.
The entire superstructure of this device is secured to a separate metal frame means that is adapted to be mounted on the base frame 10 and laterally movable within the confines thereof. The base of this separate frame consists of the side members 46 and end portions 47 (Fig. 1) and has the reinforcing bar member 48 as shown in Fig. 6. It is rectangular in shape with axle means 50 secured at opposite ends thereon to carry the wheels 52.. The width of the frame base 46-47 with wheels 52 attached is such that the wheels will ride on two oppositely disposed tracks 18 of the base frame 10 as illustrated in Fig. 6, and the length of the frame base 46-47 is somewhat less than half of that of the inside of the base frame 10 (Fig. A keeper 53 is secured at opposite frame sides on the frame members 46 and adapted to engage the respective guide rods 20 as also shown in Fig. 5. A T-shaped support plate 54 (Fig. l) is secured between one of the frame ends 47 and the frame bar 48 and to one of the frame sides 46. Thus far described the separate frame means 46--47 is in effect divided into two rectangular frame portions by the frame bar 48. For purposes of better understanding the description to follow it is pointed out that the frame portion in which the T-shaped support 54 is located carries the motor, hydraulic means, gear box and other controls which will be later described and the other separate frame portion carries the higher frame superstructure on which is mounted the buckets and conveycrs. It will also be observed in Fig. 1 that relative to its base, the
, buckets 116 will travel up the diagonal side 115 of strucseparate frame portion having the T-plate 54 is slightly smaller than the portion carrying the higher superstructure and reference to the smaller or larger separate frame portions will be employed to clarify this description at times.
Referring now to the smaller separate frame portion, the outer corners thereof are defined respectively by vertical posts 56. A second set of posts 58 are oppositely disposed on the frame sides 46 and spaced slightly from the respective points where the frame bar 48 joins the separate frame sides 46. One each of the posts 56 and 58 are clearly shown in Fig. 5. Secured to the top of each pair of posts 56 and 58 extending outwardly from the posts 56 respectively are the bracket arms 60 and 62, on which is secured the platform 64. A source of power which I have shown as a gasoline motor 66 is suitably mounted on the platform 64 as illustrated in Fig 5. To the underside of the platform 64 I secure an oil reservoir means 68 for use with my hydraulic pressure as hereinafter described and a filler cap 69 for the reservoir 68 extends upwardly through the platform 64 for easy accessibility. On the T-plate 54 a bearing member 70 is mounted in which is journaled the shaft 72. One end of this shaft is associated with the bevel gears 74 and on the other end are the two pulleys 76 and 78. The pulley 76 is connected to a pulley 80 on the shaft 82 of the motor 66 by means of the belt 84 and a second belt 86 connects the pulley 78 to a hydraulic pump 88 which is also mounted on the T-plate 54 as shown in Fig. 1.
On the large separate frame portion the four corners thereof are defined by the relatively taller vertical posts 90, 92, 94 and 96 with the posts 92 and 96 being on the outer corners and the posts and 94 on the inner corners which coincide with the points at which the frame bar 48 joins the separate frame sides 46. The top of these taller'posts are secured together by the rail members'98 and apair ofparallel spaced apart support bars 100 and 102 are arranged diagonally across the top of the rails 98 and extend outwardly therefrom near post 90 and over the smaller frame portion as shown in Fig. 1. To facilitate the identification of these taller posts, the pertinent lead lines in Fig. l are directed to the boltlike end extensions extending through the rails 98.
A carriage means consisting of a pair of elongated bar members 104 secured in parallel spaced relationship by the transverse support member 106 is adapted to be vertically slidable within the frame structure formed by the posts 99, 92, 94 and 96. For this purpose each end of each bar 104 is provided with the arcuate plate 108 for engaging and partially embracingthe respective posts and thus each of the posts serves as a guide means for the carriage in its vertical movement. Mounted on the carrings and movable therewith is the bucket and chain assembly having a path of travel defined by an elongated triangular rigid structure 110 which has its narrow side at the bottom that is on a horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 6. This structure 110 consists of two complementary triangular bar frames having the vertical side 111, the bottom side 113 and the diagonal side 115 secured in spaced apart "relationship and has a cog wheel 112 mounted at each of the three corner points to carry the endless chain 114 on which is secured a plurality of spaced apart buckets 116, each with an arcuate digging edge 118 as shown in Fig. 5. A stop bar 116a extends outwardly from the bottom of each bucket 116 and is adapted to bear against the chain 114 as the bucket passes under the structure 110 for the purpose of limiting the tilt of the bucket and thereby limiting the extent of the bite which each bucket can take. In operation, the
ture 110 and down the vertical side 111 thereof as shown in Figs. 3 and 6. To provide means for taking slack out Of the chain 114 at times, I have made the upper and lower portions of the structure 110 separately and joined them (Fig. 6) to the respective extension bars 117 by means of the bolts and nuts 119. Each of these bars 117 is provided with the slots 121 so that if necessary, the frame-like structure 110is extensible sufiiciently to remove slack in the chain 114. The upper portion of the structure 110 is secured between the carriage bars 104 by the brackets 120, and at the bottom it is held against lateral movement as follows. On the outer side of the structure 110 and to the adjacent separate frame side 47 is mounted the upstanding brace 123 (Fig. 3), and a like brace 125 is mounted on the separate frame bar 48 on the opposite side of the structure 110 (Fig. 6). Secured to these braces 123 and 125 is the horizontal rod 127 on which is rotatably mounted the spool roller 129. A pair of vertical rod braces 131 extend respectively from the bottom sides 113 of the triangular structure 110 on opposite sides thereof to the upper portion of the diagonal sides 115 and in parallel spaced relationship from the inside edge of the vertical side 111 of said structure 110. This provides a track means that moves on the spool roller 129 as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. Thus, this roller guides the structure 110 in its vertical movements and the engagement of the respective spool ends (Fig. 5) on the respective outer sides of the vertical side 111 of structure 110 and the rod braces 131 restricts the lateral movement of the bucket and chain assembly.
Referring now to Fig. 7 I have illustrated how clods of dirt or the like 133 may become wedged between the chain 114 and the bottom 113 of the structure 110. To provide a means for automatically releasing such dirt, I have provided the slot 135 at one bottom corner of the structure 110. An elongated pair of bar members 137 secured by the transverse bar brace 139 are mounted betweent the bottom sides 113 so that its open ends extend inwardly adjacent the inside of the sides 113. These bars have an opening on one end adapted to register with the slot 135 and have the .slot 141 on their other ends. The slots 141 engage and are laterally movable on the pin 143 which extends transversely of and through the sides 113. 'The cog wheel 112 at this point is mounted so that its axle pin 147 extends through the slots 135 and the openings in the bars 137. A yieldable member such as the coil spring 149 or the like engages one side of the bar brace 139 on one end and the pin 143 on-its other end. Thus arranged, the spring 147 normally tends to keep the axle pin 147 at the outer end of the slot 135. However, a binding action from a clod of dirt 133 will cause the wheel 112 attached to the bars 137 to yieldingly move inwardly and thus provide slack in the chain as shown in Fig. 7 sufficiently to permit the dirt to drop free.
The cog wheel 112 at the top of the structure 111! is secured to a shaft 122 that extends outwardly therefrom in two directions as illustrated in Fig. 5, and has the cog wheels 124 and 126 arranged on its respective ends. A bracket arm 128 is secured to and extends horizontally inwardly from the top of the structure 110 adjacent the cog Wheel 124 and has its free end portion supported by the rod brace 130 that is anchored to the transverse car riage support 106. A bracket-like support 132 (Fig. 5) is secured to the bracket arm 128 and carries a stub shaft to which is secured the cog wheel 134 and one gear of the bevel gear assembly 136. The endless chain 138 is mounted on the cog wheels 124 and 134. As a part of the bevel gear assembly 136 there is the vertical stub shaft housing 14% through which is mounted the vertical bar shaft 142 that is operatively connected at its bottom to a socket member 144 which is attached to the bevel gear 74 by means of the universal joint 145. This socket 144 rotates with the gears 74, and the joint 145 compensates for any slight variations in direction of drive of the shaft 142 due to vibrations of the carriage 104 and its related parts while the buckets are in opera tion. The socket 144 has an internal square socket portion (not shown) and the shaft 142 is vertically adjustable to move into or out of engagement therewith whereby the operation of the gear assembly 136 is controlled. To accomplish this control of the shaft 142 I have provided a clutch means in the form of two spaced apart discs 146 mounted on the shaft 142 near its upper end (Fig. 6). For this purpose an ordinary pulley wheel has been found to be satisfactory. A pair of arms 148 arranged between the discs 146 on opposite sides are secured to a rod 150 that is rotatably mounted to the top of the frame formed by the posts 99, 92, 94 and 96. A lever handle 152 is secured to one end of the rod 150 (Fig. 5) so that a downward movement of the handle will move the arms 148 upwardly causing the shaft 142 to become disengaged from the socket assembly 144 and an upward movement of the handle will reverse the shaft movement and engage it with the socket 144. The handle 152 frictionally engages a rib 153 provided on the post 92 as shown in Fig. 5 to hold the handle against accidental movement.
Thus far described the carriage 104 which carries the structure 110 with the endless chain 114 and buckets 116, and the gear assembly 136 will normally move downwardlywithin the frame formed by the posts 90, 92, 94 and 96 by gravity, with the shaft housing 140 adapted to be vertically movable on the shaft 14-2. However since in the digging Operation of the buckets 116 which will later be described more in detail it is not always desirable to have the carriage 104 descending with the full force of its weight. I have provided certain carriage control means which I will nowdescribe.
When. the carriage 104 is in its uppermost position it can be held there against any downward movement by the vertical lock rod 154 as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. This rod is pivotally secured at its bottom to the brace 123 and near its top has the horizontal shoulder portion 156 that will removably engage the underside of the transverse support 106 on the carriage'104. A hori: zontal pull rod 158 having a knob handle 16!), is slidably mounted through the post 92 (Fig. 3) and is connected to the upper end of the lock rod 154. A spring member 162 suitably mounted on the pull rod 158 intermediate the post 92 and lock rod 154 normally holds the lock rod 154 in a position where its shoulder portion 156 will move under the support 106 whenever the latter reaches a vertical point above that of the shoulder.
The speed of the downward movement of the carriage and its associated parts and the movement of the carriage upwardly from its lowered position is accomplished by hydraulic means. For this purpose a hydraulic piston 164 (Fig. 6) is vertically mounted on the smaller frame portion near one of the posts 58 that is adjacent post (Fig. 5) so that the piston plunger
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