Галерея 2459994

⚡ ПОДРОБНЕЕ ЖМИТЕ ЗДЕСЬ 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻

Галерея 2459994


Please contact Customer Service at (800) 878-4166 or unblockrequest@realtor.com with any issues. Please include the Reference ID shown above.



As you were browsing, something about your browser made us think you might be a bot. There are a few reasons this might happen, including:


Reference ID: #d284de45-bec5-11ed-ad14-426168527777

Please complete the Challenge below, to regain access to the site.


Pages for logged out editors learn more

On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Go to top .
Photograph your local culture, help Wikipedia and win!

4.1 Converting Gregorian calendar date to Julian Day Number

4.2 Converting Julian calendar date to Julian Day Number

4.3 Finding Julian date given Julian day number and time of day

4.4 Finding day of week given Julian day number

4.5 Julian or Gregorian calendar from Julian day number

4.6 Julian Period from indiction, Metonic and solar cycles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Days since the beginning of the Julian Period
"Julian date" redirects here. For dates in the Julian calendar, see Julian calendar . For numbered day of year, see Ordinal date . For the comic book character Julian Gregory Day, see Calendar Man . For the artist and composer, see Julian Day (artist) .
Not to be confused with Julian year (astronomy) .
Julian Period year = (6916 a + 4200 b + 4845 c ) MOD 15×19×28
JDN = (1461 × (Y + 4800 + (M − 14)/12))/4 +(367 × (M − 2 − 12 × ((M − 14)/12)))/12 − (3 × ((Y + 4900 + (M - 14)/12)/100))/4 + D − 32075
JDN = 367 × Y − (7 × (Y + 5001 + (M − 9)/7))/4 + (275 × M)/9 + D + 1729777








J

D


=


J

D

N
+




hour

−
12

24


+


minute
1440


+


second
86400








{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}J\!D&=&J\!D\!N+{\frac {{\text{hour}}-12}{24}}+{\frac {\text{minute}}{1440}}+{\frac {\text{second}}{86400}}\end{matrix}}}


e = r × f + v g = mod( e , p ) div r h = u × g + w D = (mod( h, s )) div u + 1 M = mod( h div s + m , n ) + 1 Y = ( e div p ) - y + ( n + m - M ) div n
If r>4713, Y = (r − 4713) and is a year AD.
If r<4714, Y = (4714 − r) and is a year BC.
(6916 × 8) = 55328; (4200 × 2) = 8400: (4845 × 8) = 38760. 55328 + 8400 + 38760 = 102488.

^ Both of these dates are years of the Anno Domini or Common Era (which has no year 0 between 1 BC and AD 1). Astronomical calculations generally include a year 0, so these dates should be adjusted accordingly (i.e. the year 4713 BC becomes astronomical year number −4712, etc.). In this article, dates before October 15, 1582, are in the (possibly proleptic) Julian calendar and dates on or after October 15, 1582, are in the Gregorian calendar, unless otherwise labelled.

^ Jump up to: a b This is an epoch starting with day 1 instead of 0. Conventions vary as to whether this is based on UT or local time.

^ To illustrate the ambiguity that could arise from conflating Heliocentric time and Terrestrial time, consider the two separate astronomical measurements of an astronomical object from the Earth: Assume that three objects—the Earth, the Sun, and the astronomical object targeted, that is whose distance is to be measured—happen to be in a straight line for both measures. However, for the first measurement, the Earth is between the Sun and the targeted object, and for the second, the Earth is on the opposite side of the Sun from that object. Then, the two measurements would differ by about 1000 light-seconds: For the first measurement, the Earth is roughly 500 light seconds closer to the target than the Sun, and roughly 500 light seconds further from the target astronomical object than the Sun for the second measure.

An error of about 1000 light-seconds is over 1% of a light-day, which can be a significant error when measuring temporal phenomena for short period astronomical objects over long time intervals. To clarify this issue, the ordinary Julian day is sometimes referred to as the Geocentric Julian Day (GJD) in order to distinguish it from HJD.

^ All years in this paragraph are those of the Anno Domini Era at the time of Easter

^ The concurrent of any Julian year is the weekday of its March 24, numbered from Sunday=1.

^ Doggett in Seidenmann 1992, p. 603, indicates the algorithms are inspired by Fliegel & Van Flanderen 1968. That paper gives algorithms in Fortran . The Fortran computer language performs integer division by truncating, which is functionally equivalent to rounding toward zero.



Alsted, Johann Heinrich 1649 [1630]. Encyclopaedia (in Latin) , Tome 4 , Page 122.
American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, Washington, 1855–1980, Hathi Trust
Astronomical almanac for the year 2001 . (2000). U.S. Nautical Almanac Office and Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office . ISBN 9780117728431 .
Astronomical almanac for the year 2017 . (2016). U.S. Naval Observatory and Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office . ISBN 978-0-7077-41666 .
Astronomical Almanac Online . (2016). U.S. Nautical Almanac Office and Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office.
Bede: The Reckoning of Time , tr. Faith Wallis, 725/1999, pp. 392–404, ISBN 0-85323-693-3 . Also Appendix 2 (Beda Venerabilis' Paschal table .
Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc. (1999) The Oxford Companion to the Year , Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-214231-3 .
Burgess, Ebenezer, translator. 1860. Translation of the Surya Siddhanta . Journal of the American Oriental Society 6 (1858–1860) 141–498, p. 161.
Berliner astronomisches Jahrbuch, Berlin, 1776–1922, Hathi Trust
Chi, A. R. (December 1979). "A Grouped Binary Time Code for Telemetry and Space Application" (NASA Technical Memorandum 80606). Retrieved from NASA Technical Reports Server April 24, 2015.
Collins, John (1666–1667). "A method for finding the number of the Julian Period for any year assign'd" , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , series 1665–1678, volume 2 , pp. 568–575.
Connaissance des Temps 1689–1922, Hathi Trust table of contents at end of book
Chronicon Paschale 284–628 AD , tr. Michael Whitby, Mary Whitby, 1989, p. 10, ISBN 978-0-85323-096-0 .
"CS 1063 Introduction to Programming: Explanation of Julian Day Number Calculation." (2011). Computer Science Department, University of Texas at San Antonio.
" Date ." (n.d.). IBM Knowledge Center . Retrieved September 28, 2019.
"De argumentis lunæ libellus" in Patrologia Latina , 90: 701–28, col. 705D (in Latin).
de Billy (1665–1666). "A problem for finding the year of the Julian Period by a new and very easie method" , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , series 1665–1678, volume 1 , page 324.
Leo Depuydt, "AD 297 as the first indiction cycle", The bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists , 24 (1987), 137–139.
Dershowitz, N. & Reingold, E. M. (2008). Calendrical Calculations 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-70238-6 .
Franz Diekamp, "Der Mönch und Presbyter Georgios, ein unbekannter Schriftsteller des 7. Jahrhunderts" , Byzantinische Zeitschrift 9 (1900) 14–51 (in German and Greek).
Digital Equipment Corporation. Why is Wednesday, November 17, 1858, the base time for VAX/VMS? Modified Julian Day explanation
Dionysius Exiguus, 1863 [525], Cyclus Decemnovennalis Dionysii , Patrologia Latina vol. 67, cols. 493–508 (in Latin).
Dionysius Exiguus, 2003 [525], tr. Michael Deckers, Nineteen year cycle of Dionysius , Argumentum 5 (in Latin and English).
Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris and the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1961, pp. 21, 71, 97, 100, 264, 351, 365, 376, 386–9, 392, 431, 437–41, 489.
Fliegel, Henry F. & Van Flanderen, Thomas C. (October 1968). " A machine algorithm for processing calendar dates ". Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery Vol. 11 No. 10, p. 657.
Furness, Caroline Ellen (1915). An introduction to the study of variable stars. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. Vassar Semi-Centennial Series.
Gauss, Carl Frederich (1966). Clarke, Arthur A., translator. Disquisitiones Arithmeticae . Article 36. pp. 16–17. Yale University Press. (in English)
Gauss, Carl Frederich (1801). Disquisitiones Arithmeticae . Article 36. pp. 25–26. (in Latin)
Grafton, Anthony T. (May 1975) "Joseph Scaliger and historical chronology: The rise and fall of a discipline", History and Theory 14 /2 pp. 156–185. JSTOR 2504611
Grafton, Anthony T. (1994) Joseph Scaliger: A Study in the History of Classical Scholarship . Volume II: Historical Chronology (Oxford-Warburg Studies).
Venance Grumel , La chronologie , 1958, 31–55 (in French).
Heath, B. (1760). Astronomia accurata; or the royal astronomer and navigator . London: author. [Google Books version .
Herschel, John F. W. (1849), Outlines of Astronomy (2nd ed.), London, hdl : 2027/njp.32101032311266 . Herschel's words remained the same in all editions, even while the page varied.
Hopkins, Jeffrey L. (2013). Using Commercial Amateur Astronomical Spectrographs , p. 257, Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 9783319014425
HORIZONS System . (April 4, 2013). NASA.
Ideler, Ludwig. Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie , vol. 1, 1825, pp. 102–106 (in German).
IBM 2004. "CEEDATE—convert Lilian date to character format" . COBOL for AIX (2.0): Programming Guide .
Information Bulletin No. 81 . (January 1998). International Astronomical Union.
"Julian Date" . (n.d.). Defit's Definitions of Information Technology Terms . Brainsoft.
Julian Date Converter (March 20, 2013). US Naval Observatory. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
Kempler, Steve. (2011). Day of Year Calendar . Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center.
Laplace (1823). Traité de Mécanique Céleste vol. 5 p. 348 (in French)
McCarthy, D. & Guinot, B. (2013). Time. In S. E. Urban & P. K. Seidelmann, eds. Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac , 3rd ed. (pp. 76–104). Mill Valley, Calif.: University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-89138-985-6
Meeus Jean . Astronomical Algorithms (1998), 2nd ed, ISBN 0-943396-61-1
Mosshammer, Alden A. (2008), The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era , Oxford University Press, pp. 278, 281, ISBN 978-0-19-954312-0
Moyer, Gordon. (April 1981). "The Origin of the Julian Day System," Sky and Telescope 61 311−313.
Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris , London, 1767–1923, Hathi Trust
Otto Neugebauer , Ethiopic Astronomy and Computus , Red Sea Press, 2016, pp. 22, 93, 111, 183, ISBN 978-1-56902-440-9 . Page references in text, footnotes, and index are six greater than the page numbers in this edition.
Noerdlinger, P. (April 1995 revised May 1996). Metadata Issues in the EOSDIS Science Data Processing Tools for Time Transformations and Geolocation . NASA Goddard Space Flight Center .
Nothaft, C. Philipp E., Scandalous Error: Calendar Reform and Calendrical Astronomy in Medieval Europe , Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 57–58, ISBN 978-0-19-879955-9 .
Ohms, B. G. (1986). Computer processing of dates outside the twentieth century . IBM Systems Journal 25, 244–251. doi:10.1147/sj.252.0244
Pallé, Pere L., Esteban, Cesar. (2014). Asteroseismology , p. 185, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107470620
Pogson, Norman R. (1860), "Notes on certain variable stars of unknown or doubtful periods", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , xx (7): 283–285, Bibcode : 1860MNRAS..20..283P , doi : 10.1093/mnras/20.7.283
Peirce, Benjamin (1865) [1853], Tables of the Moon , Washington
Ptolemy (1998) [c. 150], Ptolemy's Almagest , translated by Gingerich, Owen, Princeton University Press, p. 12, ISBN 0-691-00260-6
Ransom, D. H. Jr. (c. 1988) ASTROCLK Astronomical Clock and Celestial Tracking Program pages 69–143 , "Dates and the Gregorian calendar" pages 106–111. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
Reese, Ronald Lane; Everett, Steven M.; Craun, Edwin D. (1981). "The origin of the Julian Period: An application of congruences and the Chinese Remainder Theorem" , American Journal of Physics , volume 49 , pages 658–661.
"Resolution B1" . (1997). XXIIIrd General Assembly (Kyoto, Japan). International Astronomical Union, p. 7.
Richards, E. G. (2013). Calendars. In S. E. Urban & P. K. Seidelmann, eds. Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac , 3rd ed. (pp. 585–624). Mill Valley, Calif.: University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-89138-985-6
Richards, E. G. (1998). Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192862051
Scaliger, Joseph (1583), Opvs Novvum de Emendatione Temporvm , p. 198
Scaliger, Joseph (1629), Opvs de Emendatione Temporvm , typis Rouerianis, p. 361
Schram, Robert (1882), "Hilfstafeln für Chronologie" , Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschafteliche Classe , 45 : 289–358
Schram, Robert (1908), Kalendariographische und Chronologische Tafeln , Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs
"SDP Toolkit Time Notes" . (July 21, 2014). In SDP Toolkit / HDF-EOS . NASA.
Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (ed.) (1992). Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac pages 55 & 603–606. University Science Books, ISBN 0-935702-68-7 .
Seidelmann, P. Kenneth. (2013). "Introduction to Positional Astronomy" in Sean Urban and P. Kenneth Seidelmann (eds.) Explanatory supplement to the Astronomical Almanac' (3rd ed.) pp. 1–44. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-85-6
" SOFA Time Scale and Calendar Tools ". (June 14, 2016). International Astronomical Union.
Theveny, Pierre-Michel. (September 10, 2001). "Date Format" The TPtime Handbook . Media Lab.
Tøndering, Claus. (2014). "The Julian Period" in Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars . author.
USDA . (c. 1963). Julian date calendar .
US Naval Observatory. (2005, last updated July 2, 2011). Multiyear Interactive Computer Almanac 1800–2050 (ver. 2.2.2). Richmond VA: Willmann-Bell, ISBN 0-943396-84-0 .
Winkler, M. R. (n. d.). "Modified Julian Date" . US Naval Observatory. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
Winlock, Joseph (1864) [in type since 1852], Tables of Mercury , Washington, pp. introduction 8, 3–5





This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 00:57 (UTC) .
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ;
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization.



Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Mobile view
Developers
Statistics
Cookie statement










The Julian day is the continuous count of days since the beginning of the Julian period, and is used primarily by astronomers , and in software for easily calculating elapsed days between two events (e.g. food production date and sell by date). [1]

The Julian period is a chronological interval of 7980 years; year 1 of the Julian Period was 4713 BC (−4712) . [2] The Julian calendar year 2023 is year 6736 of the current Julian Period. The next Julian Period begins in the year AD 3268 . Historians used the period to identify Julian calendar years within which an event occurred when no such year was given in the historical record, or when the year given by previous historians was incorrect. [3]

The Julian day number (JDN) is the integer assigned to a whole solar day in the Julian day count starting from noon Universal Time , with Julian day number 0 assigned to the day starting at noon on Monday, January 1, 4713 BC , proleptic Julian calendar (November 24, 4714 BC, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar ), [4] [5] [6] a date at which three multi-year cycles started (which are: Indiction , Solar , and Lunar cycles) and which preceded any dates in recorded history . [a] For example, the Julian day number for the day starting at 12:00 UT (noon) on January 1, 2000, was 2 451 545 . [7]

The Julian date (JD) of any instant is the Julian day number plus the fraction of a day since the preceding noon in Universal Time. Julian dates are expressed as a Julian day number with a decimal fraction added. [8] For example, the Julian Date for 00:30:00.0 UT January 1, 2013, is 2 456 293.520 833. [9] This page was loaded at 2023-03-09 21:01:26 ( UTC ) – expressed as a Julian date this is 2460013.3759954. [ refresh ]

The term Julian date may also refer, outside of astronomy, to the day-of-year number (more properly, the ordinal date ) in the Gregorian calendar , especially in computer programming, the military and the food industry, [10] or it may refer to dates in the Julian calendar . For example, if a given "Julian date" is "October 5, 1582", this means that date in the Julian calendar (which was October 15, 1582, in the Gregorian calendar—the date it was first established). Without an astronomical or historical context, a "Julian date" given as "36" most likely means the 36th day of a given Gregorian year, namely February 5. Other possible meanings of a "Julian date" of "36" include an astronomical Julian Day Number, or the year AD 36 in the Julian calendar, or a duration of 36 astronomical Julian years ). This is why the terms "ordinal date" or "day-of-year" are preferred. In contexts where a "Julian date" means simply an ordinal date, calendars of a Gregorian year with formatting for ordinal dates are often called "Julian calendars" , [10] but this could also mean that the calendars are of years in the Julian calendar system.

Historically, Julian dates were recorded relative to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (later, Ephemeris Time ), but since 1997 the International Astronomical Union has recommended that Julian dates be specified in Terrestrial Time . [11] Seidelmann indicates that Julian dates may be used with International Atomic Time (TAI), Terrestrial Time (TT), Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB), or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and that the scale should be indicated when the difference is significant. [12] The fraction of the day is found by converting the number of hours, minutes, and seconds after noon into the equivalent decimal fraction. Time intervals calculated from differences of Julian Dates specified in non-uniform time scales, such as UTC, may need to be corrected for changes in time scales (e.g. leap seconds ). [8]

Because the starting point or reference epoch is so long ago, numbers in the Julian day can be
Лолита стоит на коленях и прогибая спинку показывает упругую задницу и узкий анус
Грудастая светит сиськами
Засунул большой член в анал красивой негритянки Сидни Капри