GENTEEL POVERTY
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Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest mathematical work was on projective geometry; he wrote a significant treatise on the subject of conic sections at the age of 16. He later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science. In 1642, he started some pioneering work on calculating machines (called Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines), establishing him as one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator. Like his contemporary René Descartes, Pascal was also a pioneer in the natural and applied sciences. Pascal wrote in defense of the scientific method and produced several controversial results. He made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalising the work of Evangelista Torricelli. The SI unit for pressure is named for Pascal. Following Torricelli and Galileo Galilei, in 1647 he rebutted the likes of Aristotle and Descartes who insisted that nature abhors a vacuum. He is also credited as the inventor of modern public transportation, having established the carrosses à cinq sols, the first modern public transport service, shortly before his death in 1662. In 1646, he and his sister Jacqueline identified with the religious movement within Catholicism known by its detractors as Jansenism. Following a religious experience in late 1654, he began writing influential works on philosophy and theology. His two most famous works date from this period: the Lettres provinciales and the Pensées, the former set in the conflict between Jansenists and Jesuits. The latter contains Pascal's wager, known in the original as the Discourse on the Machine, a fideistic probabilistic argument for why one should believe in God. In that year, he also wrote an important treatise on the arithmetical triangle. Between 1658 and 1659, he wrote on the cycloid and its use in calculating the volume of solids. Following several years of illness, Pascal died in Paris at the age of 39.
In connection with: Blaise Pascal
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Little Women is a coming-of-age novel written by American novelist Louisa May Alcott, originally published in two volumes, in 1868 and 1869. The story follows the lives of the four March sisters—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy—and details their passage from childhood to womanhood. Loosely based on the lives of the author and her three sisters,: 202 it is classified as an autobiographical or semi-autobiographical novel.: 12 Little Women was an immediate commercial and critical success, and readers were eager for more about the characters. Alcott quickly completed a second volume (titled Good Wives in the United Kingdom, though the name originated with the publisher and not Alcott). It was also met with success. The two volumes were issued in 1880 as a single novel titled Little Women. Alcott subsequently wrote two sequels to her popular work, both also featuring the March sisters: Little Men (1871) and Jo's Boys (1886). The novel has been said to address three major themes: "domesticity, work, and true love, all of them interdependent and each necessary to the achievement of its heroine's individual identity.": 200 According to Sarah Elbert, Alcott created a new form of literature, one that took elements from romantic children's fiction and combined it with others from sentimental novels, resulting in a totally new genre. Elbert argues that within Little Women can be found the first vision of the "All-American girl" and that her various aspects are embodied in the differing March sisters.: 199 The book has been translated into numerous languages, frequently adapted for stage and screen.
In connection with: Little Women
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Description combos: and four children from childhood and quickly and details
Cosmo Landesman (born September 1954) is a British-based American-born journalist and editor. With his then-wife Julie Burchill and friend Toby Young, he founded the magazine Modern Review, which operated from 1991 to 1995 with Young as editor.
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I Capture the Castle is Dodie Smith's first novel, written during the Second World War when she and her husband Alec Beesley, a conscientious objector, moved from their native England to California. Smith was already an established playwright and later became famous for writing the children's classic The Hundred and One Dalmatians. The novel concerns an eccentric family struggling to live in genteel poverty in a decaying castle during the 1930s. The first-person narrator is Cassandra Mortmain, who tells the story through her journal. It is a coming-of-age story in which Cassandra becomes a young woman and experiences her first love. In 2003 the novel was listed at number 82 in the BBC's survey The Big Read.
In connection with: I Capture the Castle
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Vanishing Points (1992) is a novel by Australian author Thea Astley. It consists of two loosely linked novellas, The Genteel Poverty Bus Company and Inventing the Weather.
In connection with: Vanishing Points
Title combos: Points Vanishing
Description combos: loosely novel 1992 novel Genteel is It of Thea
A Man About the House is a 1942 novel by the British writer Francis Brett Young. Two sisters living a life of genteel poverty in North Bromwich discover that they have inherited a villa near Capri from an uncle. In the warmth of the Italian climate they both flourish, but the presence of the villa's handyman provides a troubling note.
In connection with: A Man About the House (novel)
Title combos: Man House novel House the House Man About novel
Description combos: the they near flourish Man Capri novel About 1942
Genteel poverty is a state of poverty marked by one's connection or affectation towards a higher ("genteel") social class. Those in genteel poverty are often people, possibly titled, who have fallen from wealth due to various circumstances. The term can extend down to the lower-middle class. Spinsters from wealthy families were likely to fall into genteel poverty during those points in history when women were barred from earning a living wage through work. Aristocratic families with a lack of male heirs risk falling into genteel poverty when the family money passes out of the household to the oldest male relative. Those described as the genteel poor who do come from the aristocratic class may still retain one or more servants, and live off rental income or income from a country estate, although this money may not sufficiently cover daily expenses or the luxuries typical to those from a lineage of landed gentry. The genteel poor may also describe those on fixed income such as pensioners. Genteel poverty is often associated with vicars, who tend to come from privileged, highly-educated backgrounds, but earn an amount determined by their local parish. Working-class people who have a higher level of education or training such as teachers or skilled artisans may be considered members of the genteel poor.
In connection with: Genteel poverty
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Description combos: genteel but connection likely towards off who still as
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