France

France
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the country. For other uses, see France (disambiguation) .
Location of the territory of the French Republic (red) Adélie Land (Antarctic claim; hatched)
93.0% French citizens 7.0% foreign nationals
57.5% Roman Catholic 35% Non-religious 3.5% other faiths 3% Protestant 1% Unanswered
• Metropolitan France, estimate as of June 2020
Source gives area of metropolitan France as 551,500 km2 (212,900 sq mi) and lists overseas regions separately, whose areas sum to 89,179 km 2 (34,432 sq mi). Adding these give the total shown here for the entire French Republic. The CIA reports the total as 643,801 km2 (248,573 sq mi).

↑ "Sondage 'Les protestants en France en 2017' (1) : qui sont les protestants ?" . Reforme.net (in French). 26 October 2017. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017 . Retrieved 12 April 2019 .

↑ "Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF) . Demographic Yearbook . United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015 . Retrieved 4 September 2017 .

↑ "France Métropolitaine" . INSEE. 2011. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015.

↑ "Demography – Population at the beginning of the month – France" . Insee . 2019. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021 . Retrieved 31 July 2019 .

↑ "Demography – Population at the beginning of the month – Metropolitan France" . Insee . 2019. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019 . Retrieved 31 July 2019 .

↑ Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . Archived from the original on 22 May 2020 . Retrieved 30 October 2019 .

↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey" . ec.europa.eu/eurostat . Eurostat . Archived from the original on 20 March 2019 . Retrieved 15 October 2019 .

↑ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme . 10 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2017 . Retrieved 10 December 2019 .

↑ Field listing - GDP (official exchange rate) Archived 4 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine , CIA World Factbook: List of countries by nominal GDP figures.

↑ "Le tourisme international en France en 2007" (PDF) . Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2008 . Retrieved 5 June 2008 . (in French)

↑ "Western Europe" . Archived from the original on 12 September 2016 . Retrieved 2 August 2010 .

↑ Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 "French Geography" . Archived from the original on 31 August 2011 . Retrieved 2 August 2010 .

↑ "French Rivers" . Archived from the original on 27 June 2010 . Retrieved 2 August 2010 .

↑ World Travel Guide. "Climates of France" . Archived from the original on 5 August 2010 . Retrieved 2 August 2010 .

↑ "Practical Information on France – General" . French Tourist Office. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009 . Retrieved 30 September 2009 .

↑ "EEZ of France" . Archived from the original on 30 April 2011 . Retrieved 1 August 2010 . (in French)

↑ "Origin of Francia" . The Sun Chronicle . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ Discover France. "Caesar Conquered Gaul" . discoverfrance.net . Archived from the original on 12 June 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ wff. "France used this pretext to call themselves this" . Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ France Balade. "Division of Charlemagne's empire into three parts" . Archived from the original on 19 October 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 . (in French)

↑ UNCG. "French History - Le Grand Siècle" . Archived from the original on 1 March 2009 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ Understand France. "French colonies History" . Archived from the original on 22 September 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ Lucidcafé. "Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette's executions" . Archived from the original on 9 June 2007 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ Napoleonguide.com. "Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte" . Archived from the original on 23 July 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ Intellego. "Regimes of France" . Archived from the original on 24 April 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 . (in French)

↑ alsintl.com. "French language in Colonies" . Archived from the original on 1 September 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ firstworldwar.com. "Battle of the Somme" . Archived from the original on 16 March 2015 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ Ders Des Ders Report - France Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in French)

↑ (in French) "Code officiel géographique – Présentation" . INSEE. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012 . Retrieved 27 June 2008 .

↑ (in French) "Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)" . INSEE. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012 . Retrieved 27 June 2008 .

↑ "France's political system" . Archived from the original on 8 December 2009 . Retrieved 12 September 2009 .

↑ Guy Carcassonne. "Separation of Powers" (PDF) . unc.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2010 . Retrieved 4 August 2010 .

↑ "Number of military personnel in France, page 32" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 December 2018 . Retrieved 26 November 2008 .

↑ "Number of military personnel in France, page 112" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2009 . Retrieved 26 November 2008 .

↑ "Members of the UN" . United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 April 2014 . Retrieved 4 August 2010 .

↑ "Members of the Security council" . United Nations. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012 . Retrieved 4 August 2010 .

↑ "History of the EU" . European Union. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009 . Retrieved 5 August 2010 .

↑ "NATO - Member countries" . Nato.int. 30 July 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ "Opposition of the war in Iraq" . BBC. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018 . Retrieved 5 August 2010 .

↑ "CIA World Factbook GDP PPP data update of 2008" . US Government. 20 November 2008. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020 . Retrieved 26 November 2008 .

↑ "Euro launched in 12 countries" . Archived from the original on 27 September 2020 . Retrieved 12 September 2009 .

↑ "Number of companies in France" . Archived from the original on 17 December 2008 . Retrieved 26 November 2008 .

↑ "Shareholding policy" . Électricité de France. 31 December 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012 . Retrieved 5 April 2009 .

↑ (in French) CNES. "France" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2007 . Retrieved 30 May 2007 .

↑ "Rocket launch site in Kourou" . Archived from the original on 4 June 2009 . Retrieved 12 September 2009 .

↑ "France, smallest producer of CO2" . Archived from the original on 27 June 2009 . Retrieved 12 September 2009 .

↑ DGEMP / Observatoire de l'énergie (April 2007). "Électricité en France: les principaux résultats en 2006" . Archived from the original on 3 June 2007 . Retrieved 23 May 2007 .

↑ "France is the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe" . Archived from the original on 13 May 2012 . Retrieved 12 September 2009 .

↑ "Q&A: Common Agricultural Policy" . BBC News . 20 November 2008. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009 . Retrieved 6 February 2009 .

↑ Kew; Richmond; Surrey. "1833 Factory Act" . The National Archives . Archived from the original on 10 April 2014 . Retrieved 14 March 2010 .

↑ Jump up to: 51.0 51.1 "Demographic report 2007 - The birth rate remains very high" . Government of France - INSEE. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021 . Retrieved 15 January 2008 .

↑ Jump up to: 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 52.6 "Background Note: France" . Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs > Bureau of Public Affairs: Electronic Information and Publications Office > Background Notes - Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs . U.S. State Department. August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012 . Retrieved 24 October 2008 .

↑ "France an important language of diplomacy" . Archived from the original on 23 April 2008.

↑ "Constitution of 1958" . Assemblée Nationale. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013 . Retrieved 13 August 2010 . (in French)

↑ Catholic World News (2003). "France is no longer Catholic, survey shows" . Archived from the original on 1 May 2011 . Retrieved 11 January 2007 .

↑ (in Romanian) Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică Archived 29 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine , Cotidianul 11 January 2007

↑ "Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 - page 11" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2011 . Retrieved 5 May 2007 .

↑ "French literature started in the Middle Ages" . Archived from the original on 19 April 2016 . Retrieved 12 September 2009 .

↑ 17eme siecle. "French authors of the 17th century" . Archived from the original on 26 July 2010 . Retrieved 2 August 2010 .

↑ "Perrault's tales" . PerraultFairyTales.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2010 .

↑ Boorsch, Jean (1996). "French Literature" . Discoverfrance.net . p. 5. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ Damian Papworth. "Famous tour de France" . Archived from the original on 18 July 2011 . Retrieved 16 September 2010 .

↑ Dautaj, Jacqueline; Delp, Valorie; Finley, Amy. "Popular French Sports" . LoveToKnow Corp . Archived from the original on 28 May 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 .

↑ "Diversity of French Cuisine" . Archived from the original on 23 July 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2010 . (in French)

↑ "French Cheeses" . Archived from the original on 10 October 2017 . Retrieved 1 August 2010 .

↑ "French Cheese" . Archived from the original on 27 August 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2010 .

↑ "The world's best cuisines" . Archived from the original on 26 July 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2010 .

↑ "Butter and oil in French Cuisine" . Archived from the original on 25 April 2011 . Retrieved 1 August 2010 .

↑ Bon appétit: Your meal is certified by the U.N. Archived 20 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine Dallas Morning News

↑ "Celebrations, healing techniques, crafts and culinary arts added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage" . Archived from the original on 27 January 2011 . Retrieved 5 January 2011 .

↑ "Le tourisme international en France en 2007" (PDF) . Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2008 . Retrieved 5 June 2008 . (in French)

↑ "Musées et Monuments historiques" . Archived from the original on 24 December 2007 . Retrieved 10 November 2008 .

↑ For information about regional languages, see Languages of France .

↑ Established the Kingdom of the West Franks (the Kingdom of France ) from the Carolingian Empire of Francia.

↑ European Union since 1993.

↑ Established the Fifth Republic

↑ French National Geographic Institute data, which includes bodies of water.

↑ French Land Register data, which exclude lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km 2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers.

↑ Whole of the French Republic except the overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean.

↑ French overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean only.

↑ Time zones across the French Republic span from UTC-10 ( French Polynesia ) to UTC+12 ( Wallis and Futuna ).

↑ Daylight saving time is observed in metropolitan France and Saint Pierre and Miquelon only.

↑ The overseas regions and collectivities form part of the French telephone numbering plan , but have their own country calling codes: Guadeloupe +590; Martinique +596; French Guiana +594, Réunion and Mayotte +262; Saint Pierre and Miquelon +508. The overseas territories are not part of the French telephone numbering plan; their country calling codes are: New Caledonia +687, French Polynesia +689; Wallis and Futuna +681.

↑ In addition to .fr , several other Internet TLDs are used in French overseas départements and territories: .re , .mq , .gp , .tf , .nc , .pf , .wf , .pm , .gf and .yt . France also uses .eu , shared with other members of the European Union. The .cat domain is used in Catalan-speaking territories .

This audio file was created from an article revision dated 2009-03-17, and does not play the most recent changes to the article. ( Audio help )
Countries and territories of Europe
1. Transcontinental country /territory that is part of both Europe and Asia. 2. Territory or with territory geographically part of North America. 3. Partially recognized. 4. Not all dependent territories are listed. 5. Territory has some form of self-rule. 6. Territory or with territory geographically part of Africa.

Canada • France • Germany • Italy • Japan • Russia (membership suspended) • United Kingdom • United States • European Union
European Union member and candidate countries
– on the European continent ( green & dark grey ) – in the European Union ( green )
France ( /ˈfræns/ ( help · info ) or /ˈfrɑːns/ ; French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃s] ), officially the French Republic (French: République française , French pronunciation: [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz] ), is a country in Western Europe. It also includes various departments and territories of France overseas.

Mainland France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is sometimes referred to as L’Hexagone ("The Hexagon ") because of the shape of its territory.

France is a unitary semi-presidential republic. The head of state is the President, who is also a politician. The Prime Minister is secondary to the President. This slightly strange system was chosen by General Charles de Gaul in 1970. The main ideals are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen .

Metropolitan France is bordered (clockwise from the North) by Belgium , Luxembourg , Germany, Switzerland , Italy, Monaco , Andorra , and Spain. The overseas departments and collectives of France share land borders with Brazil and Suriname (bordering French Guiana ), and the Netherlands Antilles (bordering Saint-Martin ). France is linked to the United Kingdom by the Channel Tunnel , which passes under the English Channel.

France is the largest country in the European Union and the second largest in Europe. It has been one of the world's most powerful countries for many centuries. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonized much of North America. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built one of the largest colonial empires of the time. This included large parts of North , West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Pacific Islands . France is a developed country and has a large economy. [9]

It is the most visited country in the world, with 82 million foreign visitors every year. [10]

France was one of the first members of the European Union , and has the largest land area of all members. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, and a member of the Francophonie , the G8 , NATO , and the Latin Union . It is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . France has the largest number of nuclear weapons with active warheads, and the largest number of nuclear power plants, in the European Union.

France's official language is French, which is also official in 29 other countries. Some other French speaking countries include the Congo , Quebec, and Mauritius .

An interesting fact is that the French King Louis XIX only enjoyed 20 minutes of royal fame after his father Charles X abdicated, leaving him to ascend the French throne in July 1830.

France is in Western Europe. [11] France shares its borders with Belgium , Luxembourg , Germany, Switzerland , Italy, Monaco , Andorra , and Spain. [12] France has two mountain ranges near its borders: the Alps in the east and the Pyrenees in the south. [12] The climate of southern France is similar to Greece which both have Mediterranean climate . There are many rivers in France, including the Seine and the Loire . [13] In the north and the west of France, there are low hills and river valleys.

In France there are many different climates . [14] The Atlantic has a major effect on the weather in the north and west. This means the temperature is about the same most of the year. It is in the marine west coast climate region. In the east, winters are cold and the weather is good. Summers are hot and stormy. In the south, winters are cool and wet . Summers are hot and dry. [15] The north has a temperate climate similar to that of the United Kingdom and other Northern European countries.

France has the second-largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the world. [16] It covers 11,035,000 km 2 (4,260,637 sq mi). Only the United States has a larger one .

The name "France" comes from the Latin word Francia ', which means "land of the Franks ". [17]

The borders of modern France are about the same as those of ancient Gaul . Celtic Gauls inhabited Ancient Gaul. Julius Caesar conquered Gaul for Rome in the 1st century BC. [18] Eventually, the Gauls adopted Roman speech ( Latin , from which the French language evolved) and Roman culture. Christianity first appeared in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. It became firmly established by the fourth and fifth centuries.

In the 4th century AD, the Germanic tribes , principally the Franks invaded the Gauls. This is how the name Francie appeared. The modern name "France" comes from the name of the Capetian Kings of France around Paris. The Franks were the first tribe of Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire to convert to Christianity rather than Arianism . The French called themselves "the most Christian Kingdom of France". [19]

The Treaty of Verdun (843), divided Charlemagne 's Empire into three parts. [20] The biggest area was Western Francia. It is similar to modern France.

The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when Hugh Capet became King of France . His descendants, the Direct Capetians , the House of Valois and the House of Bourbon , unified the country with many wars and dynastic inheritance. The monarchy was the most powerful during the 17th century and the reign of Louis XIV of France . [21] At that time, France had the largest population in Europe . The country had a big influence over European politics, economy, and culture. French became the common language of diplomacy in international affairs. Much of the Enlightenment happened in France. French scientists made big scientific discoveries in the 18th century. France
Harbi Analı Kızlı
Ormanda Zorla
Fışkırarak Boşalan Kadınlar

France

Report Page