Фотосет привлекательной Stella Cardo Sparkles

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Фотосет привлекательной Stella Cardo Sparkles
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This article is about the city in Russia. For other uses, see Sochi (disambiguation) .
354000, 354002–354004, 354008–354010, 354013, 354014, 354018, 354019, 354022, 354024, 354025, 354030, 354031, 354033, 354036, 354037, 354039, 354053–354055, 354057, 354059, 354061, 354065–354068, 354071, 354073, 354084, 354099, 354200, 354202–354214, 354216–354218, 354220, 354226, 354231, 354233, 354299, 354340, 354346, 354348, 354349, 354354, 354355, 354364, 354380, 354382, 354383, 354399, 993501
Map of Black Sea showing location of Sochi
This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( March 2022 )

Baden-Baden , Germany (2011)
Long Beach , United States (1990)
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Rimini , Italy (1977)
Trabzon , Turkey (1991)
Weihai , China (1996)


^ Jump up to: a b c d e Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai

^ Jump up to: a b c Great Soviet Encyclopedia . Entry on Sochi (in Russian)

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Exposition of the Historical Museum of Sochi, partly reflected in Russian in "История Сочи" . Archived from the original on October 11, 2010 . Retrieved December 14, 2021 . (History of Sochi) at the official site of the city

^ Jump up to: a b Official website of Sochi Archived January 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

^ Jump up to: a b c Городское Собрание Сочи. Решение №89 от 14 июля 2009 г. « Об утверждении генерального плана городского округа города Сочи ». Вступил в силу со дня опубликования. (City Assembly of Sochi. Decision #89 of July 14, 2009 On the Adoption of the General Plan of the Urban Okrug of the City of Sochi . Effective as of the publication date.).

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .

^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved January 23, 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Law #679-KZ

^ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .

^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. ( Russian Post ). Поиск объектов почтовой связи ( Postal Objects Search ) (in Russian)

^ "RUSSIA: Južnyj Federal'nyj Okrug: Southern Federal District" . City Population.de. August 8, 2020 . Retrieved August 28, 2020 .

^ Rafael Saakov (February 4, 2014). "Sochi: The Russian city where I grew up" . BBC . Retrieved August 28, 2020 .

^ Sochi hosts 2014 Winter Olympics BBC Sport, July 4, 2007

^ PM Putin confirms Russian GP for 2014 GPUpdate, October 15, 2010

^ "F1 terminates Russian GP contract after cancellation of 2022 race" .

^ Jump up to: a b Exposition of the Historical Museum of Sochi, partly reflected in Russian in История Сочи (History of Sochi) at the official site of the city

^ Mi, Ali. Çerkez tarihi

^ Jump up to: a b А. В. Твёрдый. Топонимический словарь Кавказа

^ "სოჭი", A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary , 2006, 2 cilt ISBN 0-9535878-3-5

^ Византийский храм в Лоо (in Russian). Архитектура Сочи. May 16, 2012 . Retrieved January 30, 2014 .

^ "Генуэзцы" . edemkavkaza.ru . Retrieved November 18, 2020 .

^ "Крепость Годлик, Сочи – описание, история, фотография, а также интересные факты | Nicko.ru" (in Russian). May 19, 2017 . Retrieved November 18, 2020 .

^ Фунтиков, Илья (April 26, 2017). "Генуэзская крепость в Хосте" . Новости Сочи Sochinews.io (in Russian) . Retrieved November 18, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Sochi – from ancient sites to 2014 Olympics , information from the Historical Museum of Sochi

^ Peter Hopkirk The great game: On Secret Service in High Asia , Chapter 12 "The Greatest Fortress in the World", pp. 158–159, Oxford University Press, 2001 ISBN 0-19-280232-1

^ Ahmed 2013 , p. 161 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAhmed2013 ( help ) .

^ L.V.Burykina. Pereselenskoye dvizhenie na severo-zapagni Kavakaz . Reference in King.

^ Richmond 2008 , p. 79 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRichmond2008 ( help ) .

^ Richmond, Walter (April 9, 2013). The Circassian Genocide . Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4 .

^ Shenfield, Stephen D. The Circassians: A Forgotten Genocide? , 1999

^ Stalin's ghost haunts Black Sea hotel at Mail & Guardian Online, Retrieved February 7, 2014

^ Голубева, Елена. Олимпийская столица - и для спортсменов, и для бизнесменов . Komsomolskaya Pravda (in Russian) . Retrieved January 30, 2014 .

^ Koenker, Diane P. (February 2014). "Sochi in the Russian Imagination" . Foreign Affairs . – via Foreign Affairs (subscription required)

^ "Путин подписал закон о федеральной территории "Сириус" " . news.ru (in Russian). December 22, 2020.

^ Jump up to: a b Travel Destinations Sochi Russia by Michael Totten | Traveler's Guide 360 Archived November 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine . Travelersguide360.com (February 11, 2013). Retrieved on January 3, 2014.

^ Jump up to: a b "World Map of Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification" . Archived from the original on September 6, 2010.

^ Jump up to: a b Drozdov, V. A.; Glezer, O. B.; Nefedova, T. G.; Shabdurasulov, I. V. (1992). "Ecological and geographical characteristics of the coastal zone of the Black Sea". GeoJournal . 27 (2): 169. doi : 10.1007/BF00717701 . S2CID 128960702 .

^ "Сочи, Пхенчхан и Зальцбург — претенденты на Олимпиаду-2014" . ITAR-TASS . July 4, 2007. Archived from the original (in Russian) on July 5, 2007 . Retrieved January 7, 2014 .

^ Western Caucasus at Unesco Heritage Site. Retrieved July 7, 2007

^ Rybak, Elena A.; Rybak, Oleg O. & Zasedatelev, Yuri V. (1994). "Complex geographical analysis of the Greater Sochi region on the Black Sea coast" . GeoJournal . 34 (4): 507–513.

^ "Weather and Climate – The Climate of Sochi" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) . Retrieved November 8, 2021 .

^
"Weather and Climate – The Climate of Sochi" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) . Retrieved November 8, 2021 .

^
"Soci (Sochi) Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved October 29, 2021 .

^ "Погода в Сочи сейчас. Температура воды в море. Подробный прогноз. Сочи на карте погоды" .

^ 80,000 of 138,572 (58%)
According to 2014 official estimates, the population of Adlersky City District is 138,572, see "Оценка численности населения на 1 января 2014 года по муниципальным образованиям Краснодарского края [Estimated population on January 1, 2014 by the municipalities of Krasnodar Region]" (in Russian). Russian Federal State Statistics Service . April 15, 2014. Archived from the original on June 14, 2014.
The Moscow Times estimated in 2006 that there are about 80,000 Armenians in Adler, see Schreck, Carl (May 5, 2006). "Sochi's Armenian Diaspora Weeps" . The Moscow Times . Archived from the original on May 30, 2014. ...Sochi's Adler district, home to about 80,000 ethnic Armenians...

^ Schreck, Carl. "Sochi's Armenian Diaspora Weeps" . The Moscow Times . Hamshen Armenians comprise most of Sochi's Armenian population...

^ Ayvazyan, Hovhannes, ed. (2003). "Ռուսաստան [Russia]". Հայ Սփյուռք հանրագիտարան [Encyclopedia of Armenian Diaspora] (in Armenian). Vol. 1. Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing . p. 473. ISBN 978-5-89700-020-3 .

^ 1897 Census Archived December 31, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . demoscope.ru (in Russian)

^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly .

^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).

^ Федеральная Служба Государственной Статистики. Краснодарский краевой комитет государственной статистики «Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство. Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2002 года по Краснодарскому краю. Том 4», г. Краснодар, 2005

^ Population of Russian Federation by cities, towns, and districts as of January 1, 2007: Rosstat , Moscow, 2007

^ Половинкина Т. В. Сочинское Причерноморье – Нальчик (2006) pp. 216–218, ISBN 588195775X

^ 4. Население (R_04.doc) in Российский статистический ежегодник 2011, www.gks.ru, ISBN 978-5-89476-319-4

^ Jump up to: a b c Karina Ivashko (July 5, 2010). "Sochi - from ancient sites to 2014 Olympics" . Retrieved February 8, 2014 .

^ " Rekhaniya ". Jewish Virtual Library .

^ Jump up to: a b Sochi: a city with no mosque , OpenDemocracy , October 22, 2010

^ В ауле Тхагапш произошло знаменательное для верующих мусульман событие . (in Russian). Shapsugiya.ru (September 9, 2010). Retrieved on July 26, 2012.

^ "Итоги социально-экономического развития муниципального образования город-курорт Сочи за 2014 год" . Sochi.ru . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ "Основные итоги социально-экономического развития муниципального образования город-курорт Сочи за 2015 год" . Sochi.ru . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Информация о социально-экономическом развитии города Сочи за 2016 год" . Sochi.ru . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Аналитическая записка об итогах социально-экономического развития города Сочи за 2017 год" . Sochi.ru . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ Наталья Зубаревич (2013). "Крупные города России: лидеры и аутсайдеры" (PDF) . Демоскоп Weekly . Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022 . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Alexey (September 3, 2015). "Инфографика: экономика города-курорта Сочи в цифрах" . SOCHIru.com . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ "Рейтинг городов России по качеству жизни (Top – 20) – 2010 год – Страница 2 – Urbanica" (in Russian) . Retrieved May 19, 2021 .

^ "Integral ranking "TOP 100 Russian cities" based on 2013 data – Page 2 – Urbanica" . urbanica.spb.ru . Retrieved May 19, 2021 .

^ "Integral ranking "TOP Russian cities" based on 2014 data – Page 2 – Urbanica" . urbanica.spb.ru . Retrieved May 19, 2021 .

^ Urbanica (October 15, 2009). "Рейтинг городов России по качеству жизни (Top – 20) – 2010 год" . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ "30 лучших городов для бизнеса — 2012" . Forbes . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ Чумаков Дмитрий Владимирович. "Туризм в Сочи как драйвер регионального развития" . European Research . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ Ольга Ефимова; Денис Зыков; Юрий Малов (May 17, 2018). "Обзор рынка торговой недвижимости г. Сочи" . Retail.ru . Retrieved September 8, 2020 .

^ International Olympic Committee (July 4, 2007). "Sochi Elected as Host City of XXII Olympic Winter Games" . Retrieved July 4, 2007 .

^ A Major Tuneup for a Sports Machine NYTimes.com, July 29, 2008

^ Bennetts, Marc (January 19, 2014). "Winter Olympics 2014: Sochi Games "nothing but a monstrous scam," says Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov" . Telegraph . London. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022 . Retrieved February 4, 2014 .

^ "The Sochi Olympics: Castles in the sand" . The Economist . July 13, 2013 . Retrieved August 8, 2013 .

^ "The Economic Impact Of The Winter Olympics: Not Great For Russia But Sochi Stands To Gain" . ibtimes.com . International Business Times. February 8, 2014 . Retrieved February 10, 2014 .

^ BBC News – Q&A: Gay rights in Russia . Bbc.co.uk (August 13, 2013). Retrieved on January 3, 2014.

^ Winter, Jana (January 21, 2014). "US, Russian forces hunt jihadist widow feared inside Olympic zone" . FoxNews.com . Retrieved January 21, 2014 .

^ "Power Supply to Be Stepped Up to Sochi by 2014" . Archived from the original on October 12, 2012 . Retrieved December 14, 2021 . . Kommersant . July 6, 2007

^ Silk Way Rally . silkwayrally.com.

^ English, Steven (October 14, 2010). "Russia set to announce race from 2014" . autosport.com . Haymarket Publications . Retrieved October 14, 2010 .

^ Kirby, Paul (April 17, 2022). "Why has Russia invaded Ukraine and what does Putin want?" . BBC News . Retrieved April 22, 2022 .

^ Andre Geim – Biographical , Nobel Prize winners (Physics, 2010)

^ Сильнейшие спортсмены СССР наши коллеги по движению «Мастерс»: Т-Я . swimmingmasters.ru

^ "Внешние связи" . sochi.ru (in Russian). Sochi . Retrieved February 4, 2020 .


Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Sochi .
[c1] Cancelled due to World War II
 Olympic Games portal
Sochi (Russian: Со́чи , IPA: [ˈsotɕɪ] ( listen ) ) is the largest resort city in Russia . The city is situated on the Sochi River , along the Black Sea in Southern Russia , with a population of 443,562 residents, [11] up to 600,000 residents in the urban area. The city covers an area of 176.77 square kilometers (68.25 sq mi), [5] while the Greater Sochi Area covers over 3,502 square kilometers (1,352 sq mi). [5] Sochi stretches across 145 kilometers (90 mi), and is the longest city in Europe , [12] the fifth-largest city in the Southern Federal District , the second-largest city in Krasnodar Krai , and the sixth-largest city on the Black Sea.

Being a part of the Caucasian Riviera , it is one of the very few places in Russia with a subtropical climate, with warm to hot summers and mild to cool winters.

Sochi hosted the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014. It hosted the alpine and Nordic Olympic events at the nearby ski resort of Rosa Khutor in Krasnaya Polyana . It also hosted the Formula 1 Russian Grand Prix from 2014 until 2021. [13] [14] [15] It was also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup .

The general consensus (also recognized by the city's own website [16] ) is that the name "Sochi" ( Russian : Сочи ) is the Russified form of the Circassian "Ş̂açə" ( Adyghe : Шъачэ ) which in turn is of Ubykh-Circassian origin, coming from the Ubykh name "Ş̂uaça" ( Ubykh : Шъуача ). [17] [18] [16] It is a compound made up from the two Ubykh words "шъуа" (sea) and "ча" (side) and roughly translates to "Seaside/coast". [18] There are other claims and theories, according to Georgian sources, the word comes from the Georgian word for "fir", "soch'i" ( Georgian : სოჭი ). [19]

Before the whole area was conquered by Cimmerian , Scythian and Sarmatian invaders, the Zygii (Proto- Adyghe ) people lived in Lesser Abkhazia under the Kingdom of Pontus , then the Roman Empire 's influence in antiquity . From the 6th to the 11th centuries, the area successively belonged to the Georgian kingdoms of Lazica and Abkhazia , who built a dozen churches within the city boundaries, the later was unified under the single Georgian monarchy in 11th-century, forming one of the Saeristavo , known as Tskhumi extending its possessions up to Nicopsis . The Christian settlements along the coast were destroyed by the invading Alans , Khazars , Mongols and other nomadic empires whose control of the region was slight. The northern wall of an 11th-century Byzantine basilica still stands in the Loo Microdistrict . [20]

Between the 13th and 15th centuries , the Republic of Genoa had the monopoly of the trade on the shores of the Black Sea, and established colonies and trading posts in the region of the present-day Sochi, the large ones were Layso and Costa . [21] [22] [23]

From the 14th to the 19th centuries, the region was dominated by the Abkhaz , Ubykh and Adyghe tribes, the current location of the city of Sochi (Ş̂açə) known as Ubykhia was part of historical Circassia , and was controlled by the native people of the local mountaineer clans of the north-west Caucasus, nominally under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire , which was their principal trading partner in the Islamic world.

The coastline was ceded to Russia in 1829 as a result of the Russo-Circassian War and the Russo-Turkish War , 1828–1829; however, the Circassians did not accept the Russian control over Circassia and kept resisting the newly established Russian outposts along the Circassian coast ( Adyghe : Адыгэ хы аушу ). [3] [24] Provision of weapons and ammunition from abroad to the Circassians caused a diplomatic conflict between the Russian Empire and the British Empire that occurred in 1836 over the mission of the Vixen . [25]

The Russians had no detailed knowledge of the area until Baron Feodor Tornau investigated the coastal route from Gelendzhik to Gagra , and across the mountains to Kabarda , in the 1830s. [ citation needed ] In 1838, the fort of Alexandria, renamed Navaginsky a year later, was founded at the mouth of the Sochi River as part of the Black Sea coastal line, a chain of seventeen fortifications set up to protect the area from recurring Circassian resistance. At the outbreak of the Crimean War , the garrison was evacuated from Navaginsky in order to prevent its capture by the Turks, who effected a landing on Cape Adler soon after.

The last battle of the Russo-Circassian War , Battle of Qbaada , took place in 1864 and the Dakhovsky fort was established on the site of the Navaginsky fort. The end of Caucasian War was proclaimed at Qbaada tract (modern Krasnaya Polyana ) on June 2 (21 May O.S. ), 1864, by the manifesto of Emperor Alexander II read aloud by Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia . [3] The city was the administrative capital of the Sochinsky Okrug .

After the end of Russo-Circassian War , the Russian Empire aimed to systematically destroy the native Circassian people in the region [26] [27] [28] and several atrocities were committed by the Russian forces. [29] [30] As a result, almost all Ubykhs and a major part of the Circassians who lived on the territory of
Из сексапильной девчонки делают настоящую порно звезду
Девчонка рада зависнуть в машине и потрахаться на заднем сидении
Молодая соска с бритой песдой писает в пляжном туалете