Ford Escort 3
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Ford Escort 3
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the European-Argentine Ford Escort sold from 1968 to 2004. For the earlier UK Ford Escort and models sold as the "Ford Escort" elsewhere, see Ford Escort (disambiguation) .
1972 Ford Escort 1100 L Mark I 2 door saloon
Ford Escort Mark II 2-door saloon (1974-1977)
940 cc Crossflow I4 (Italy only) 1.1 L Crossflow I4 1.3 L Crossflow I4 1.6 L Crossflow I4 1.6 L Pinto TL16G I4 1.8 L Cosworth BDE I4 2.0 L Pinto TL20H I4 2.0 L Cosworth BDG I4
petrol : 1117 cc Valencia I4 1117 cc CVH I4 (-1982 only) 1296 cc CVH I4 1596 cc CVH I4 1596 cc CVH turbo I4 diesel : 1608 cc LT I4 (1984-)
petrol : 1117 cc Valencia I4 (1986-89) 1118 cc HCS I4 (1989-) 1296 cc Valencia I4 (1986-89) 1297 cc HCS I4 (1989-) 1392 cc CVH I4 1596 cc CVH I4 1596 cc CVH turbo I4 diesel : 1608 cc LT I4 (1986-88) 1753 cc Lynx I4 (1988-) Latin America (petrol): 997 cc CHT I4 1555 cc CHT I4 1595 cc VW AP1600 I4 1781 cc VW AP1800 I4
1297 cc HCS I4 1392 cc CVH I4 1555 cc CHT I4 (Latin America) 1597 cc CVH I4 1598 cc Zetec I4 1781 cc VW AP I4 (Latin America) 1796 cc Zetec I4 1984 cc VW AP I4 (Latin America) 1998 cc N7A DOHC I4 1993 cc Cosworth YBT turbo I4 1753 cc Endura-D diesel I4 1753 cc Endura-D turbodiesel I4
Front view of 5-door hatchback (post facelift)
Rear view of 3-door hatchback (post facelift)
1995 Ford Escort RS2000. The last Escort to wear the famous RS badge.
^ "UK's 10 best-selling cars since 1965" . 24 July 2014 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Marco Coletto (24 March 2012). "Ford Escort, la storia" (in Italian). Panorama Auto . Retrieved 28 March 2016 .
^ "Show in Brussels". Autocar . 128 (3754): 44–47. 25 January 1968.
^ Auto, Motor und Sport . Stuttgart. 18 : 162. 2008. {{ cite journal }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help )
^ "News from Germany: New German Fords". Autocar . 129 (3786): 66. 5 September 1968.
^ Jump up to: a b Peter Garnier, ed. (22 June 1974). "News: Ford's two millionth Escort". Autocar . 141 (4053): 28.
^ Oswald 1945–90 (vol 3) , p 397 : 1,297,308 Mk1 Escorts were built in Britain, while 848,388 were built by Ford Germany at Saarlouis and Genk in Belgium.
^ Oswald 1945–90 (vol 3) , pp 396 & 397: "Der grossere Teil der Produktion ging ins Ausland, weil der Ford Escort [Mk I] auf dem deutschen Markt wegen seiner pummeligen Form, seiner simplen Konstruktion, seiner holprigen Straßenlage und seines bescheidenen Komforts nur mäßigen Zuspruch fand... 848 388 [Escort Mk Is fertigten] die deutschen Ford-Werke, doch nur 234 667 Exemplaren fanden deutsche Käufer."
^ Oswald 1945–90 (vol 3) , pp. 396 & 397: Of the 848,388 Escort Mk Is built by Ford Germany, only 234,667 were actually sold in Germany.
^ Jump up to: a b Charles Bulmer, ed. (6 April 1968). "Escort estate". Motor : 26–27.
^ Hersant, Jacques, ed. (September 1973). "Le Salon de l'Auto 1973: Toutes les Voitures du Monde". L'Auto Journal (in French). Paris (14 & 15): 103.
^ "42ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo" . Rallybase.nl. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011 . Retrieved 29 December 2012 .
^ Ford Motor Company – Press Release – Ford heads Marathon rally to Sydney
^ "Ford Escort Mexico Mark I" . 4 Press . Channel Four Television . Retrieved 30 December 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ford Escort Production Numbers And Identification Guide Retrieved on 28 January 2010
^ Glass’s Price Guide, June 1973, page 46
^ Darwin, Norm (1986). The History of Ford in Australia . p. 184.
^ Factory Original Sporting MK 1 Escort by Dan Williamson published by Herridge and Sons Ltd 2012 1
^ Jump up to: a b "Autotest: Ford Escort RS1800". Autocar . 143 (4107): 33–37. 26 July 1975.
^ Jump up to: a b Howard, Tony, ed. (December 1975). "Ford Escort 1300 L: bigger and better". SA Motor . Cape Town, South Africa: Scott Publications: 22.
^ "Ford Escort Brochure 1975 EN UK - Veikl" . www.veikl.com . Retrieved 11 September 2022 .
^ Webster, Mark (2002), Assembly: New Zealand Car Production 1921–98 , Birkenhead, Auckland, New Zealand: Reed, p. 156, ISBN 0-7900-0846-7
^ bigger and better , p. 21
^ "Ford Escort RS1800, 1977 MY" . Carfolio.com . 28 February 2013 . Retrieved 20 August 2018 .
^ FIA Book of Recognition Number 650, 2 April 1977
^ FIA, Appendix J to the International Sporting Code 1976: Classification, definition and specifications of cars, December 11, 1975, Article 261, paragraph dd.
^ Jump up to: a b "New Escorts..RS 2000 Revived: Sporting version of new Escort with 2-litre ohc engine and 112 mph maximum speed, developed by FAVO". Autocar . 142 (4089): 68. 8 March 1975.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Nasenkorrektur: New von Ford: Escort RS 2000 mit 110 PS (nose correction: New Ford Escort RS 2000 with 110 bhp)". Auto, Motor und Sport . 17 : 11. 16 August 1975.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Facilities | Ford Motor Company Newsroom" . Media.ford.com . Retrieved 27 July 2010 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Facilities | Ford Motor Company Newsroom" . Media.ford.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010 . Retrieved 27 July 2010 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "1980 Ford (Europe) Escort Mk III Hatchback full range specs" . www.automobile-catalog.com .
^ Pint-sized Pinto , Popular Science , February 1978
^ Costa, André & Georges-Michel Fraichard, ed. (September 1981). "Salon 1981: Toutes les Voitures du Monde". l'Auto Journal (in French). No. 14 & 15. Paris: Homme N°1. p. 80.
^ Ford Escort - Operating Guide . Ford Motor Company. July 1980.
^ "Previous winners" . Car of the year. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012 . Retrieved 18 September 2010 .
^ "Car theft in England and Wales: the Home Office car theft index" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011 . Retrieved 4 December 2010 .
^ Mastrostefano, Raffaele, ed. (1985). Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1985 (in Italian). Milano: Editoriale Domus S.p.A. p. 400. ISBN 88-7212-012-8 .
^ Jump up to: a b Bernardet, Alain (April 1985). "Dans la lignée" [Keeping with tradition]. Echappement (in French). Paris, France: Michael Hommell (198): 66–67.
^ Ford Escort Series 1 RS Turbo
^ Bevins, Daniel (20 August 2013). "A short history of ... the Ford Escort" . Covered mag . gocompare.com . Retrieved 6 September 2014 .
^ "Princess Diana's Black RS Turbo S1" . Infernal Cumbustion . 13 May 2020 . Retrieved 2 August 2022 .
^ Branch, Ben (1 August 2022). "For Sale: Princess Diana's 1985 Ford Escort RS Turbo S1" . Silodrome . Retrieved 2 August 2022 .
^ Jump up to: a b Minnis, Peter (May 1982). "Long Term Test: A van for all seasons". TRUCK . London, UK: FF Publishing Ltd: 79.
^ Jump up to: a b International Motor Business , African Business Publications, 1989, p. 114
^ Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1985 , pp. 383–384
^ Samahá, Fabrício (7 May 2011). "Um companheiro e tanto" [A companion and then some]. Best Cars Web Site (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 6 June 2011.
^ Øye, Geir Olav. "My cars through the years" . Archived from the original on 7 September 2014 . Retrieved 6 September 2014 .
^ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (7 March 1985). Automobil Revue 1985 (in German and French). Vol. 80. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG. p. 64. ISBN 3-444-06081-5 .
^ Samahá, Fabrício (7 May 2011). "Carros do Passado: Ford Escort no Brasil (2)" [The Cars of Yesteryear: The Brazilian Ford Escort]. Best Cars Web Site (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
^ Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1985 , pp. 427–429
^ "Ford's New XR3" . 8 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Ford (Europe) Escort 4gen (Mk IV) data catalogue" . www.automobile-catalog.com .
^ Mastrostefano, Raffaele, ed. (January 1989). "Prove su strada: Ford Escort 1300 Ghia" [Road test]. Quattroruote (in Italian). Vol. 34, no. 399. Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus. pp. 194–195.
^ Financial Mail , Volume 104, Issues 5-9, page 221
^ Jump up to: a b Samahá, Fabrício (7 May 2011). "Carros do Passado: Ford Escort no Brasil (5)" [The Cars of Yesteryear: The Brazilian Ford Escort]. Best Cars Web Site (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 25 November 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Samahá, Fabrício (7 May 2011). "Carros do Passado: Ford Escort no Brasil (6)" [The Cars of Yesteryear: The Brazilian Ford Escort]. Best Cars Web Site (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Fernández Morano, Jorge (April 1992). "Más limpio y ambicioso" [Cleaner and more ambitious]. Parabrisas (in Spanish). No. 165. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Samahá, Fabrício (7 May 2011). "Carros do Passado: Ford Escort no Brasil (7)" [The Cars of Yesteryear: The Brazilian Ford Escort]. Best Cars Web Site (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
^ "Rise in Ford exports from Western Europe" . PRNewswire. 3 November 1993 . Retrieved 28 April 2013 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Ford (Europe) Escort 5gen (Mk Va) data catalogue" . www.automobile-catalog.com .
^ "Ford (Europe) Orion 3gen data catalogue" . www.automobile-catalog.com .
^ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (10 March 1994). Automobil Revue 1994 (in German and French). Vol. 89. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. p. 282. ISBN 3-444-00584-9 .
^ Jump up to: a b Automobil Revue 1994 , p. 282
^ Jump up to: a b Pereira, Fabiano (17 January 2018). "Grandes Brasileiros: Ford Escort GL" [Great Brazilians]. Quatro Rodas (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 February 2018.
^ "Tarihçe" . Ford Otosan . Retrieved 28 March 2016 .
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^ "Ford Escort owners' reviews, problems and advice" . Parkers. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011 . Retrieved 26 September 2011 .
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The Ford Escort is a small family car that was manufactured by Ford of Europe from 1968 until 2000. In total there were six generations, spread across three basic platforms beginning with the original rear-wheel drive Mk.1/Mk.2 (1968–1980), the "Erika" front wheel drive Mk.3/Mk.4 (1980–1990), and the final CE-14 Mk.5/Mk.6 (1990–2002) version. Its successor - the Ford Focus - was released in 1998 , but the final generation of Escort was gradually phased out, with the panel van version ending production in 2002 in favour of the Ford Transit Connect .
The Escort was frequently the best selling car in Britain during the 1980s and 1990s. A total of more than 4.1 million Escorts of all generations were sold there over a period of 33 years. [1]
In 2014, Ford revived the Escort name for a car based on the second-generation Ford Focus sold on the Chinese market.
Whilst the Escort designation existed three basic platforms (and officially, the canon does not include the British 100E Squire estate, which carried the Escort name), the various rebodies, facelifts and upgrades over the years have been referred to using a conflicting range of "Mark" numbers, with some sources counting a facelift as a new "Mark", some not. Ford's official convention is that there are just four Escort generations - with the Mk1 and Mk2 being treated as separate generations despite the Mk2 being a "reskinned" version of the Mk1 and is otherwise mechanically identical to its predecessor. Conversely, Ford recognizes the Mk3 and Mk4 as a single generation - although they are known internally as "Erika" and "Erika-86", respectively. The post-1990 CE-14 version, although popularly split into three different models (Mk5, Mk5b and Mk6), are treated as one by Ford.
This article attempts to fully explain the various naming conventions used by each historical iteration of the vehicle.
The first use of the Ford Escort name was for a reduced specification version of the Ford Squire , a 1950s estate car version of the British Ford Anglia 100E .
The Mark I Ford Escort [4] was introduced in Ireland and the United Kingdom at the end of 1967, making its show debut at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1968. [5] It replaced the successful, long-running Anglia . The Escort was also presented in Europe as the first passenger car to be developed by the merged Ford of Europe (the Transit van having been the first product of this collaboration). Escort production commenced at the Halewood plant in England during the closing months of 1967, and for left hand drive markets during September 1968 at the Ford plant in Genk . [6] Initially the continental Escorts differed slightly under the skin from the UK built ones. The front suspension and steering gear were configured differently and the brakes were fitted with dual hydraulic circuits; also the wheels fitted on the Genk-built Escorts had wider rims. [7] At the beginning of 1970, continental European production transferred to a new plant on the edge of Saarlouis , West Germany.
The Escort was a commercial success in several parts of Western Europe, but nowhere more so than in the UK, where the national bestseller of the 1960s, BMC's Austin/Morris 1100 was beginning to show its age, while Ford's own Cortina had grown, both in dimensions and in price, beyond the market niche at which it had originally been pitched. It competed with the Vauxhall Viva , and from early 1970 the Rootes Group's Hillman Avenger .
In June 1974, six years into the car's UK introduction, Ford announced the completion of the two millionth Ford Escort, a milestone hitherto unmatched by any Ford model outside the US. [8] It was also stated that 60% of the two million Escorts had been built in Britain. [8] [9] In West Germany, cars were built at a slower rate of around 150,000 cars per year, slumping to 78,604 in 1974 which was the last year for the Escort Mk1. [10] Many of the German built Escorts were exported, notably to Benelux and Italy ; from the West German domestic market perspective the car was cramped and uncomfortable when compared with the well-established and comparably priced Opel Kadett , and it was technically primitive when set against the successful imported Fiat 128 and Renault 12 . [11] Subsequent generations of the Escort made up some of the ground foregone by the original model, but in Europe's largest auto-market the Escort sales volumes always came in well behind those of the General Motors Kadett and its Astra successor.
The Escort had conventional rear-wheel drive and a four-speed manual gearbox , or three-speed automatic transmission . The suspension consisted of MacPherson strut front suspension and a simple live axle mounted on leaf springs . The Escort was the first small Ford to use rack-and-pinion steering. The Mark I featured contemporary styling cues in tune with its time: a subtle Detroit-inspired "Coke bottle" waistline and the "dogbone" shaped front grille – arguably the car's main stylistic feature. Similar Coke bottle styling featured in the larger Cortina Mark III (a visually similar car was built in West Germany as the Taunus ) launched in 1970.
Initially, the Escort was sold as a two-door saloon (with circular front headlights and rubber flooring on the "De Luxe" model). The "Super" model featured rectangular headlights, carpets, a cigar lighter and a water temperature gauge. A two-door estate was introduced at the end of March 1968 which, with the back seat folded down, provided a 40% increase in maximum load space over the old Anglia 105E estate , according to the manufacturer. [12] The estate featured the same engine options as the saloon, but it also included a larger, 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch-diameter (190 mm) clutch, stiffer rear springs and in most configurations, slightly larger brake drums or discs than the saloon. [12] A panel van appeared in April 1968 and the 4-door saloon (a bodystyle the Anglia was never available in for UK market) in 1969.
Underneath the bonnet was the Kent Crossflow engine also used in the smallest capacity North American Ford Pinto . Diesel engines on small family cars were rare, and the Escort was no exception, initially featuring only petrol engines – in 1.1 L, and 1.3 L versions. A 940 cc engine was also available in some export markets such as Italy and France. This tiny engine remained popular in Italy, where it was carried over for the Escort Mark II, but in France it was discontinued during 1972. [13]
There was a 1300GT performance version, with a tuned 1.3 L Crossflow (OHV) engine with a Weber carburetor and uprated suspension. This version featured additional instrumentation with a tachometer, battery charge indicator, and oil pressure gauge. The same tuned 1.3 L engine was also used in a variation sold as the Escort Sport, that used the flared front wings from the AVO range of cars, but featured trim from the more basic models. Later, an "executive" version of the Escort was produced known as the "1300E". This featured the same 13" road wheels and flared wings of the Sport, but was trimmed in an upmarket, for that time, fashion with wood trim on the dashboard and door cappings.
A higher performance version for rallies and racing was available, the Escort Twin Cam, built for Group 2 international rallying. [14] It had an engine with a Lotus-made eight-valve twin camshaft head fitted to the 1.5 L non-crossflow block, which had a bigger bore than usual to give a capacity of 1,558 cc. This engine had originally been developed for the Lotus Elan . Production of the Twin Cam, which was originally produced at Halewood, was phased out as the Cosworth -engined RS1600 (RS denoting Rallye Sport ) production began. The most famous edition of the Twin Cam was raced on behalf of Ford by Alan Mann Racing in the British Saloon Car Championship in 1968 and 1969, sporting a full Formula 2 Ford FVC 16-valve engine producing over 200 hp. The Escort, driven by Australian driver Frank Gardner went on to comfortably win the 1968 championship.
The Mark I Escorts became successful as a rally car, and they eventually went on to become one of the most successful rally cars of all time. [15] The Ford works team was practically unbeatable in the late 1960s / early 1970s, and arguably the Escort's greatest v
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