Footnotes for “Intermezzo II: Caines iawbone, that did the firſt murder”

Footnotes for “Intermezzo II: Caines iawbone, that did the firſt murder”

The Old Conception of Black Metal

Read the article at https://telegra.ph/Cains-jawbone-08-01


[1] Ernest P. Kuhl and John Kester Bonnell, Cain’s jaw bone, PMLA (Publications of the Modern Language Association of America) March 1924, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 140–6 → https://www.jstor.org/stable/457285


[2] Meyer Schapiro, Cain’s jaw-bone that did the first murder, College Art Association, The Art Bulletin, September 1942, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 205–12 → https://www.jstor.org/stable/3046829


[3] 1. Sándor Scheiber, A Kájin és Ábel áldozati füstjéről szóló legenda életrajza, Évkönyv Kiadja Az Izraelita Magyar Irodalmi Társulat, LXIV, Budapest, 1942, pp. 127–50 → https://adt.arcanum.com/hu/view/ZsidoAnyag_IMITEvkonyv_1942/?query=Az Izraelita Magyar Irodalmi Társulat Évkönyve&pg=128&layout=s

[3] 2. Suddenly found the same article in French, (but I haven’t read this version and used the original Hungarian one) → https://www.persee.fr/doc/rjuiv_0484-8616_1956_num_115_15_1334


[4] George Henderson, Cain’s jaw-bone, The University of Chicago Press, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, January–June 1961, Vol. 24, No. 1/2, pp. 108–14 → https://www.jstor.org/stable/750774


[5] Alphons Augustinus Barb, Cain’s murder-weapon and Samson’s jawbone of an ass, The University of Chicago Press, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 1972, Vol. 35, pp. 386–9 → https://www.jstor.org/stable/750938


[6] Cherell Guilfoyle, The staging of the first murder in the mystery plays in England, Comparative Drama, Vol. 25, No. 1, Iconographic and Comparative Studies in Medieval Drama, Spring 1991, pp. 42–51 → https://www.jstor.org/stable/41153497


[7] Excavations at Saqqara, the tomb of Hemaka, by Walter B. Emery, with the collaboration of Zaki Yusef Saad, Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte, Cairo, Government Press, Bulâq, 1938 → https://archive.org/details/Emery1938/ and particularly plate 15 → https://archive.org/details/Emery1938/page/n86/mode/1up


[8] Notes And Queries, a Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, Etc., Sixth Series.—Volume Second. July–December, 1880. London: published […] by John Francis., August 21, 1880, page 143, Shakspeariana section, note “Cain’s jaw-bone” by Walter W. Skeat → https://archive.org/details/s6notesqueries02londuoft/page/143/mode/1up?view=theater


[9] A Student’s Pastime being a select series of articles reprinted from ‘Notes and Queries’ by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat, Litt. D., D. C. L., LL. D., Ph. D., Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge, Oxford, at the Clarendon Press 1896, page 137, note 158 → https://archive.org/details/studentspastimeb00skeauoft/page/137/mode/1up?view=theater


[10] Notes And Queries, a Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, Etc., Sixth Series.—Volume Second. July–December, 1880. London: published […] by John Francis., August 28, 1880, page 162, Shakspeariana section, note “‘As if it were Cain’s jaw-bone,’ ‘Hamlet,’ V. i. (6th S. ii. 143)’ by R. R. → https://archive.org/details/s6notesqueries02londuoft/page/162/mode/1up?view=theater


[11] Notes And Queries, Sixth Series.—Volume Third. January 1, 1881, page 4, Shakspeariana section, note:

“As if it were Cain’s jaw-bone,” “Hamlet,” V. i. (6th S. ii. 143, 162).—In my former communication I stated my opinion that still earlier instances of this expression were to be found. I now forward one :—

“And we rede in the bible that the first labourer that euer was. was caym the first sone of adam that was so euyl that he slewe his broder abel   For as moche as the smoke of his tithes went strayt vnto heuen/ and the smoke and fume of the tithes of caym went doun ward vpon the erthe. and how wel that thys cause was trewe. yet was there another cause of enuye that he had vnto his brother/ For when Adam theyr fader maryed them for to multeplye the erthe of his ligne/ he wolde not marye ner Joyne to gyder the two that were borne attones. but gaf vnto caym her that was born with abel. and to abel her that was borne with caym. & thus he ganne thenuye that caym had ayenst abel/ For hys wyf was fayrer than cayms wyf/ and for this cause he slewe abel wyth the chekebone of a beste.”— Caxton’s Game of the Chesse (about 1474), Figgins’s Reprint, e ij.

— R. R., Boston, Lincolnshire

→ https://archive.org/details/sim_notes-and-queries_1881-01-01_3_53/page/4/


[12] Notes And Queries, Sixth Series.—Volume Fourth. September 24, 1881, page 245, note:

“As if it were Cain’s jaw-bone,” “Hamlet,” V. i. (6th S. ii. 143, 162; iii. 4).—Here is a still earlier instance of the expression than that mentioned by R. R. :—

“Aȝen abel he roos in strif
Wiþ murthere brouȝt him of his lif
Wiþ a cheke boon of an asse
Men sayn abel slayn wasse.”

Cursor Mundi (fourteenth cent.), E. E. T. S., No. 57, p. 71, ll. 1071–4.

Wm. Pengelly. Torquay.

→ https://archive.org/details/sim_notes-and-queries_1881-09-24_4_91/page/245


[13] Hamlet, second variant quarto 1605, British Library, Garrick C. 34. k. 2, page M2 verso → https://www.bl.uk/treasures/SiqDiscovery/ui/record.aspx?Source=text&LHCopy=1&LHPage=84&RHCopy=1&RHPage=85

[14] Hamlet, third quarto 1605, British Library, C. 71. B. 2, page M2 verso → https://www.bl.uk/treasures/SiqDiscovery/ui/record.aspx?Source=text&LHCopy=3&LHPage=84&RHCopy=3&RHPage=85

[15] The Bodleian First Folio: digital facsimile of the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays, Bodleian Arch. G c. 7. → http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/ and particularly → https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/viewer/390fd0e8-9eae-475d-9564-ed916ab9035c/#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=786&r=0&xywh=510%2C5132%2C2280%2C1208


[16] Oliver F. Emerson, Legends of Cain, especially in Old and Middle English, Publications of the Modern Language Association (PMLA), 1906, Vol. 21, No. 4 (1906), pp. 831–929. In our survey we particularly address the pages 853–859 → https://archive.org/details/jstor-456764/page/n23/

[17] ibid. pp. 855, 858


[18] Louis Ginzberg, Die Haggada bei den Kirchenvätern und in der apokryphischen Litteratur (Fortsetzung), Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, Jahrg. 43 (N. F. 7), H. 5 (1899), pp. 217-31. → https://www.jstor.org/stable/44851823 ← I refer specifically to page 229.


[19] The Book of Jubilees or The Little Genesis translated from the editor’s Ethiopic text and edited, with introduction, notes, and indices by R. H. Charles, D. D., professor of biblical Greek, Trinity College, Dublin, Adam and Charles Black, London, 1902 → https://archive.org/details/bookofjubileesor00char and particularly page 42, verse 4:31 → https://archive.org/details/bookofjubileesor00char/page/42/mode/1up


[20] Midrash Rabbah translated into English with notes, glossary and indices under the editorship of Rabbi Dr. H. Freedman, B. A., Ph. D. and Maurice Simon, M. A. with a foreword by Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein, B. A., Ph. D., D. Lit., The Soncino Press, London, third impression 1961 → https://archive.org/details/RabbaGenesis/ and particularly page 187–8, verse 22:8 → https://archive.org/details/RabbaGenesis/page/n234/mode/1up


[21] The Book Of Adam And Even, also called The Conflict Of Adam And Eve With Satan, a book of the early Eastern Church, translated from the Ethiopic, with notes from the Kufale, Talmud, Midrashim, and other Eastern works, by the Rev. S. C. Malan, D. D., vicar of Broadwindsor, Williams and Norgat, Edinburgh, 1882. → https://archive.org/details/bookadamandevea00malagoog/ and particularly pages 100–1, chapter LXXIX → https://archive.org/details/bookadamandevea00malagoog/page/n120/mode/1up


[22] Kain und Abel in der Agada, den Apokryphen, der hellenistischen, christlichen und muhammedanischen Literatur, von Professor Dr. V. Aptowitzer, Veröffentlichungen der Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation Band I, R. Löwit Verlag, Wien und Leipzig, 1922 → https://www.academia.edu/42264596/Avigdor_Victor_Aptowitzer_Kain_und_Abel_in_der_Agada_den_Apokryphen_der_hellenistschen_christlichen_und_muhammedanischen_Literatur_Vienna_R._Loewit_1922_


[23] Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, Nowell Codex record on the British Library website → https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV; the first murder is mentioned in folio 160v (third line from the bottom) → https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=cotton_ms_vitellius_a_xv_f160v


[24] Beowulf and The Fight At Finnsburg, edited, with introduction, bibliography, notes, glossary, and appendices by Fr. Klaeber, D. C. Heath & Co., Publishers, Boston, New York, Chicago, 1922 → https://archive.org/details/beowulfandfighta00klaeuoft/ and particularly page 48, lines 1261–3 → https://archive.org/details/beowulfandfighta00klaeuoft/page/48/mode/1up


[25] Kevin S. Kiernan, Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript. Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Press, first published 1981, used here is the revised edition, published in 1996 → https://archive.org/details/beowulfbeowulfm00kier/ and particularly pages 183–4 → https://archive.org/details/beowulfbeowulfm00kier/page/183/mode/1up


[26] The Dialogue of Solomon and Saturnus with an historical introduction by John M. Kemble, M.A., Trin. Coll. Camb., Ælfric Society, London 1848 → https://archive.org/details/dialogueofsalomo00kembuoft/ and particularly page 133 → https://archive.org/details/dialogueofsalomo00kembuoft/page/133/mode/1up


[27] James E. Cross and Thomas D. Hill, The Prose Solomon and Saturn and Adrian and Ritheus, edited from the British Library manuscripts with commentary, University of Toronto Press, 1982 → https://archive.org/details/prosesolomonsatu0000unse and particularly page 30 → https://archive.org/details/prosesolomonsatu0000unse/page/30/mode/1up


[28] Kemble²⁶, page 186 and 187, line 36 → https://archive.org/details/dialogueofsalomo00kembuoft/page/186/mode/2up

Kemble edits the manuscript as follows:

Saga me, forhwám stánas ne sint berende?

Ic ðe secge, forðám ðe Abeles blód gefeól ofer stán, ða hine Chain his bróðer ofslóh mid ánes esoles cinbáne.

[29] Cross and Hill²⁷, page 30, footnote 34 → https://archive.org/details/prosesolomonsatu0000unse/page/30/mode/1up


[30] Analecta Anglo-Saxonica. A Selection in Prose and Verse, from Anglo-Saxon Authors of Various Ages; with a glossary. By Benjamin Thorpe, F. S. A., London: John and Arthur Arch, Cornhill. 1834. → https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.analectaanglosax00tho/ and particularly page 98 → https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.analectaanglosax00tho/?sp=116&st=image&r=0.089,0.904,0.939,0.448,0


[31] Claudine A. Chavannes-Mazel, Maerlants Rijmbijbel in Museum Meermanno. De kracht van woorden, de pracht van beelden. Met vertalingen uit het Middelnederlands van het handschrift 10 B 21 door Karina van Dalen-Oskam en Willem Kuiper. Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, Den Haag 2008 → https://kerkcultuur11tm14eeuw.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/maerlants-rijmbijbel-meermanno.pdf


[32] Rymbybel van Jacob van Maerlant, Brussel 1858 → https://archive.org/details/rymbybelmetvoor00maergoog and particularly page 41, lines 864–7 → https://archive.org/details/rymbybelmetvoor00maergoog/page/41/mode/1up?view=theater


[33] The Southern Version of Cursor Mundi, Volume I, edited by Sarah M. Horrall, The University of Ottawa Press, Ottawa, Canada, 1978, page 11 → https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/19621/1/The_Southern_Version_Vol_I.pdf


[34] Cursor Mundi [The cursor of the world], a Northumbrian poem of the XIVth century, (edited by?) Richard Morris; published for the Early English Text Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner → https://archive.org/details/cursormundithecu01morr and particularly pages 70 and 71, lines 1071–74 → https://archive.org/details/cursormundithecu01morr/page/70/mode/2up


[35] ibid.


[36] Horrall,³³ page 67, lines 1073–4


[37] Sammlung altenglischer Legenden, grösstentheils zum ersten male herausgegeben von C. Horstmann. Heilbronn, Verlag von Gebr. Henninger, 1878 → https://archive.org/details/sammlungaltengli00hors and the jawbone part is on page 224, ll. 33–5 → https://archive.org/details/sammlungaltengli00hors/page/224/mode/1up


[38] The Towneley Plays edited by Garrett Epp, Medieval Institute Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 2018 → https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/publication/epp-the-towneley-plays and, particularly, the second play “Mactacio Abel” (The Killing of Abel), lines 326–7 → https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/epp-the-killing-of-abel#326


[39] The N-Town Plays, edited by Douglas Sugano. Middle English Texts Series, Medieval Institute Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 2007 → https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/publication/sugano-the-n-town-plays and particularly play no. 3, “Cain and Abel”, lines 144–56 → https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/sugano-n-town-plays-play-3-cain-and-abel


[40] Jordi Sánchez Martí, Longleat House MS 257: A Description, Atlantis, Vol. 27, No. 1, June 2005 (pp. 79–89), page 80 → https://www.jstor.org/stable/41055183


[41] A Middle English Metrical Paraphrase of The Old Testament, edited in part and examined in an introduction by Herbert Kalén. Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, Göteborg, 1923 → https://archive.org/details/middleenglishmet01bodluoft/ and, particularly, page 9, lines 233–6 → https://archive.org/details/middleenglishmet01bodluoft/page/9/mode/1up


[42] The Cornish Ordinalia, A Medieval Dramatic Trilogy. Newly Translated by Markham Harris. The Catholic University of America Press, Washington D. C., 1969 → https://archive.org/details/cornishordinalia0000unse/ and particularly pages 16–17 → https://archive.org/details/cornishordinalia0000unse/page/16/mode/2up?view=theater


[43] The Ancient Cornish Drama, edited and translated by Mr. Edwin Norris, Sec. R. A. S., in two volumes, vol. I., Oxford: at the University Press. M.DCCC.LIX (1859) → https://archive.org/details/ancientcornishdr01norruoft and, particularly, pages 40–1 → https://archive.org/details/ancientcornishdr01norruoft/page/40/mode/2up?view=theater


[44] Reliquiæ Antiquæ. Scraps from Ancient Manuscripts, illustrating chiefly Early English Literature and the English Language. Edited by Thomas Wright, Esq. M. A., F. S. A. and James Orchard Halliwell, Esq. F. R. S., F. S. A., volume I, London, John Russell Smith, 4, Old Compton Street, Soho Square, MDCCCXLV (1845) → https://archive.org/details/reliquiaeantiqua01wriguoft/ and the Questions Bitwene The Maister Of Oxinforde And His Scoler can be found on page 230 → https://archive.org/details/reliquiaeantiqua01wriguoft/page/230/mode/1up


[45] Chrestomathie Bretonne (Armoricain, Gallois, Cornique), première partie, Breton-Armoricain, par J. Loth, Professeur à la faculté des lettres de Rennes. Paris, Emile Bouillon Libraire-Editeur, Ancienne maison F. Vieweg, 67 Rue Richelieu (En face de la Bibliothèque Nationale), 1890 → https://archive.org/details/chrestomathiebre00loth/ and particularly page 352, footnote 7 → https://archive.org/details/chrestomathiebre00loth/page/352/mode/1up?view=theater


[46] Namely: Bodleian 219, a later copy also in Bodleian library also numbered 219, Harleian or Harley 1867, and one more “in the possession of Mr. Hotten of Piccadilly [John Camden Hotten].” For more see → Gwreans An Bys. The Creation Of The World, a Cornish mystery, edited, with a translation and notes, by Whitley Stokes, Esq. Published for the Philological Society by A. Asher & Co., Berlin. 1863 → https://archive.org/details/cu31924026878334 and the present footnote refers to page 2 → https://archive.org/details/cu31924026878334/page/n7/mode/1up


[47] Guilfoyle⁶, page 43


[48] The Creacion of the World. A Critical Edition and Translation, edited and translated by Paula Neuss. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York & London, 1983 → https://archive.org/details/creacionofworldc0000unse and particularly lines 1110–15 on pages 92–5 → https://archive.org/details/creacionofworldc0000unse/page/92/mode/2up


[49] Stokes⁴³, pages 88 and 89 → https://archive.org/details/cu31924026878334/page/n93/mode/2up?view=theater


[50] The Apocryphal Adam and Eve in Medieval Europe. Vernacular Translations and Adaptations of the Vita Adae et Evae by Brian Murdoch. Oxford University Press, 2009 → https://vdoc.pub/download/the-apocryphal-adam-and-eve-in-medieval-europe-vernacular-translations-and-adaptations-of-the-vita-adae-et-evae-22fnudm7e6pg and particularly page 226–7. (I’ve no idea how legal this upload is.)


[51] ibid., page 228, and Loth,⁴³ page 352. The manuscripts:

  • Written in 1760 by Claude Le Bihan (Lebihan) in the Pluzunet parish in Tréguier, Brittany. Formerly in the collection of François-Marie Luzel. It has a date reference in it to 1663.
  • M. Luzel possessed another manuscript which appeared from about the same period as the first.
  • National Library (fonds celtique, no. 12, in-fol. of 175 pages, written by Jean Le Moullec of Loguivy-lès-Lannion, in 1825). It is the text of this manuscript that Father Eug. Bernard began to publish in the Revue Celtique, IX, 2, p. 149.


[52] The volumes:


[53] Loth,⁴³ page 353, footnote 1 → https://archive.org/details/chrestomathiebre00loth/page/353/mode/1up?view=theater


[54] Revue Celtique, tome XI, 1890, page 258–9, lines 1955–62 and their respective translation → https://archive.org/details/revueceltiqu11pari/page/258/mode/2up?view=theater


[55] ibid., pages 300–1, lines 2408–11 and their respective translation → https://archive.org/details/revueceltiqu11pari/page/301/mode/2up?view=theater


[56] The Crosses and Culture of Ireland by Arthur Kingsley Porter. William Dorr Boardman Professor of Fine Arts in Harvard University. First published 1931. Here quoted according to 1971 reissue by Benjamin Blom, Inc., New York → https://archive.org/details/crossescultureo00port/ and particularly page 121 → https://archive.org/details/crossescultureo00port/page/121/mode/1up


[57] John D. Seymour, The Book of Adam and Eve in Ireland, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature. Vol. 36 (1921–1924), page 129 → https://www.jstor.org/stable/25504225?read-now=1&seq=9#page_scan_tab_contents


[58] Lebor Gabála Érenn. The Book of the Taking of Ireland, Part I, edited and translated, with notes, etc. by R. A. Stewart Macalister, D. Litt. Dublin: Published for The Irish Texts Society by The Educational Company of Ireland, Ltd. 1938 → https://archive.org/details/leborgablare01macauoft/ and particularly pages 180 and 181 → https://archive.org/details/leborgablare01macauoft/page/180/mode/2up


[59] English Art 1100–1216, by T. S. R. Boase. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press, 1953 → https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofe0003unse and particularly pages 280–1 → https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofe0003unse/page/280/mode/1up?view=theater


[60] ibid., page 281


[61] An archival record on The Morgan Library & Museum website → http://corsair.themorgan.org/msdescr/BBM0043a.pdf


[62] A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Eton College, Cambridge University Press, 1895 (?) → https://archive.org/details/cu31924029605296 and particularly page 96 → https://archive.org/details/cu31924029605296/page/96/mode/2up?view=theater


[63] Donald Royce Roll, “The St. John’s Psalter”, The Style and Dating of the Miniatures in MS.K.26 in St. John’s Library, Cambridge. Thesis for the Degree of M. S., Michigan State University, 1969 → https://doi.org/doi:10.25335/M5RB6W36M


[64] quoted after A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of St John’s College, Cambridge, by Montague Rhodes James, Litt. D., F. B. A., F. S. A., Hon. Litt. D., Dublin, Hon. LL. D., St Andrew’s, provost of King’s College, Cambridge, Cambridge, At The University Press, 1913 → https://archive.org/details/descriptivecata00stjo/ and, particularly, page 270 → https://archive.org/details/descriptivecata00stjo/page/270/mode/1up


[65] Sankt Bendts Kirke page on the National Museum of Denmark website → http://danmarkskirker.natmus.dk/soroe/skt-bendts-kirke/ and particularly → http://danmarkskirker.natmus.dk/uploads/tx_tcchurchsearch/Soroe_0109-0185.pdf


[66] At least two sources:

[67] I found these in the Catalogue of German-Language Illustrated Medieval Manuscripts (Katalog der deutschsprachigen illustrierten Handschriften des Mittelalters, KdiH), section 14 (bibles). Note: the list may have mistakes (I corrected a few already), like some examples may in fact refer to other sections/records.


[68] I found copies of the Lübeck Bible in the Catalogue of German-Language Illustrated Medieval Manuscripts (Katalog der deutschsprachigen illustrierten Handschriften des Mittelalters, KdiH), section 14 (bibles) → 14.0.n. Lübeck: Steffen Arndes, 1494:




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