Foot Penetration

Foot Penetration

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1 Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Dick Vet Equine Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.

2 Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK.

Stefano Schiavo et al.

Vet Radiol Ultrasound .

2018 Nov .

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1 Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Dick Vet Equine Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.

2 Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK.

Dyson S, Murray R, Schramme M, Branch M.
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PMID: 14649360

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Equine Vet J. 2005.

PMID: 15779622

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Pauwels F, Hartmann A, Alawneh J, Wightman P, Saunders J.
Pauwels F, et al.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2021 Sep;104:103704. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103704. Epub 2021 Jul 10.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2021.

PMID: 34416993

Review.

Waguespack R, Hanson RR.
Waguespack R, et al.
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Wright S.
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Equine Vet Educ. 2019.

PMID: 32313397
Free PMC article.

No abstract available.

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Solar foot penetration is one of the causes of deep digital flexor tendon injuries in horses, however, limited information is available on the prognosis for return to soundness in the absence of synovial sepsis. Objectives of this retrospective observational study were to describe low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and long-term outcome for a group of horses with this combination of clinical problems. Horses were included if low-field standing MRI of the foot was performed following puncture wounds, injury of the deep digital flexor tendon was diagnosed, and sepsis was confirmed to be absent in all adjacent synovial structures (distal interphalangeal joint, navicular bursa, and digital flexor tendon sheath). Medical records were reviewed and MRI studies were re-interpreted. Follow-up information was obtained via a telephone questionnaire at a minimum of 6 months post-injury. A total of 11 horses met inclusion criteria. In three horses, the deep digital flexor tendon injury was only visible in the T2 fast spin echo sequence and contrast radiography improved diagnostic certainty. The most commonly affected area was between the distal border of the distal sesamoid bone and the facies flexoria of the distal phalanx (6/11, 55%). Six horses (60%) had an excellent outcome (5, show jumping; 1, general purpose) and returned to full athletic function. Five horses (40%) were sound but had not yet resumed full work at the time of follow-up. Findings indicated that the prognosis for return to soundness can be good for horses with solar penetration, deep digital flexor injury, and absence of synovial sepsis.

Keywords:

deep digital flexor tendinopathy; equine; low field MRI; penetrating hoof injury; prognosis.

© 2018 The Authors. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American College of Veterinary Radiology.

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The U.S. industrial market for safety shoes and boots, rubber or plastic boots, and foot and leg guards is estimated at nearly $1 billion. Approximately $70 is spent per employee on foot protection per year. To be sure, industry is doing a lot - and spending a lot - to help prevent foot injuries, to say nothing of slips and falls.
On the flip side, according to the National Safety Council, in 1997 there were 180,000 foot-related workplace injuries. That's 400 cases a day at an estimated $6,000 per incident. A Bureau of Labor Statistics study of foot injuries found 75 percent of the accidents occurred when workers were not in compliance.
A more programmed approach to making foot protection purchases - one that focuses as much on comfort, durability and anti-slip protection as it does on bottom-line pricing - might reduce industry's investment in foot protection while reducing worker injuries. The following checklist outlines steps required to make an informed purchase, including rules, choices, motivation factors and industry trends in foot protection.
The purpose of a programmed approach to foot protection is to bring your workplace up to specs, to keep your employees safe, to lower your cost of compliance and to provide a convenient way for business owners to stay legal. The emphasis should be "compliance and beyond."
To begin, understand the "big three" federal safety regulations for foot protection:
There are other, more specific regulations (see box on page 68), but these outline the premise of the programmed approach to safety: learn, comply and teach.
To stay current with complicated OSHA guidelines and their many regulations is understandably difficult. When you set out to evaluate your foot protection program, employ the expertise of companies and representatives whose primary business is supplying OSHA-approved safety footwear.
There are two major categories of work-related foot injuries. The first includes foot injuries from punctures, crushing, sprains and lacerations. The second includes those resulting from slips, trips and falls. Taken together, the two categories represent nearly 25 percent of all disabling injuries.
In addition, there is a whole range of foot problems associated with workplace conditions, including calluses, ingrown toenails and tired feet. Although not occupational injuries in the strictest sense, their associated discomfort, pain and fatigue have a direct impact on productivity and can lead to further injuries.
A complete facility analysis is the perfect way to launch a comprehensive protective footwear program. The audit works best when a trained third-party professional - either a footwear manufacturer representative or dedicated safety distributor, or both - is invited to walk through the plant and observe foot protection use, or lack thereof, in every area of the facility.
The third-party approach is ideal because you draw on the expertise of qualified foot protection specialists. The approach also removes bias and encourages dialogue from employees. Safety distributors offer the experience gained from years of solving problems like those in your facility. In addition, the safety distributor will carry multiple lines of footwear, turning "a complete line" into "many complete lines."
A good place to start a safety audit is a thorough examination of the plant's injury rate. By working together to analyze these records, plant safety professionals and auditors can develop objectives for the rest of the survey.
Remember the fundamental principle of occupational health and safety: Occupational hazards should be eliminated at the source. Through careful observation of plant or work site processes, the auditor will be able to recognize potential foot injury or slip hazards and plan for their elimination. If a hazard can be engineered out of the process, protection in that case becomes unnecessary. Tips that may improve workplace design:
The next step in the process is to get down to the plant floor. Talk to the workers who face a facility's hazards every day. Discuss the types of hazards they face, and then address comfort, sizing, distribution, training and other issues affecting compliance.
When workers are part of a solution, they will be more likely to support the implementation of any change in the program. Because cost is almost always a factor, the analysis should include input from the purchasing department.
Safety footwear includes steel toe, nonmetal toe, metatarsal-guarded, slip-resistant, dielectric, conductive, cold environment, heat-resistant, chemical-resistant, bloodborne pathogen and fatigue protection. Add style - including heavy-duty work boots and shoes, as well as dress, casual, athletic and hiker-styled protective footwear - and the picture becomes even more complex. It's not hard to understand how choice can itself become a hazard.
Although the final decision on personal protective equipment (PPE) and the responsibility for that decision is yours, it helps to narrow the focus. The safety distributor or manufacturer who performed the safety audit should detail the findings in a written report and offer a plan for improving the situation. The plan must recommend the proper levels of protection for each job, information that only professionals familiar with a complete line of protection and their possible applications could provide.
How the footwear gets to the worker is a matter of choice. Employer-paid distribution methods include traditional distributors, catalog companies, shoemobiles, voucher programs (redeemable at retail stores), Web-based solutions or an on-premise store operated by a distributor or integrated supply partner.
The on-site safety center is the most complete system. The centers provide support for much more than footwear. They provide some companies with the answer to all safety issues, including staffing, sourcing, dispensing and recordkeeping. The centers carry a complete line of safety products and offer a number of personal service functions, including eyewear prescription work, footwear fitting, respirator testing and maintenance.
In commercial terms, the centers offer nearly 100 percent inventory reduction, elimination of in-house processing time for purchase orders, elimination of sourcing time for spot buys, 24-hour emergency availability and supplier-provided staffing.
The old adage too often is true: "When your feet hurt, you hurt all over."
While difficult to measure, fatigue can be a contributor to accidents. Lightweight, more comfortable footwear choices mean people will grow less tired during the long workday and, hence, less likely to have a fatigue-related mishap.
Structurally, boots should fit snugly around the heel and ankle when lace
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